捕捉英语课堂内外的动态教学资源
2013-08-15广东省东莞市玉兰中学叶伟荣
广东省东莞市玉兰中学 叶伟荣
1.课例背景
第十五周日晚,笔者市普降暴雨,导致全城多处道路水浸并引发主要路段交通瘫痪。次日早上笔者市气象台也发出天气红色警告,教育局也在电视中要求全市中小学停课。由于笔者所教的是全寄宿学校,没有停课一事。上班途中,所见街道皆有水漫的垃圾,多处十字路口因为下水道阻塞而大塞车并见有几起交通事故,数部车在路中死火,并有给水淹过的痕迹(车上有很多腐烂垃圾),绿化带有部分树木给风雨刮倒。学校里教室和走廊都好像用水洗过一样。笔者用手机拍了些图片。
由于今天天气特殊,笔者改变了原来的教学预设,利用暴雨这个新鲜的真实的生活教学资源,设置悬念,让学生在好奇心的驱使下,边引导边讲解,以实现让学生写好英语日记的教学目标。于是笔者设计了以下的导入,课堂记录如下:
在黑板上笔者板书:What a...!(笔者边讲边把黑体的词组板书)
T:Good morning,class.Something special happened last night.So most of the students in Dongguan don’t have to go to school today.
如笔者所料,学生象一片一窝分散的蜜蜂,嗡嗡地叫,议论纷纷。一些学生一脸茫然,一些学生不知在窃窃私语什么,还偷偷笑着呢,个别还直直地盯着笔者笑着,充满怀疑,以为老师在讲大话。终于有个大胆的。
S1:Why?What happened?Why do we have to go to school?
T:Please look at the floor.Is there anything different?
S:It’s wet.Did somebody else wash it?
T:Did your class teacher ask you to wash it this morning?
S:No,he didn’t.
S2:It raind very hard last night.
S3:听到了很大雷声。也经常闪电。It was very scary.I didn’t sleep well.
S4:Me,neither.有人附和。
T:You are right.The TV said the rain was so heavy that most of the students can’t go to school today.How do you feel now?
S5:Then why do we have to?不公平。I feel very unhappy.
S6:I feel disappointed.
S7:I feel excited.(其他学生大笑).
S8:I feel surprised.
T:Very good!Since we have different kinds of feeling,let’s write an English diary to remember today.
部分学生脸露难色.
T:Do you think it’s too difficult to write a diary?
S:Yes,of course.
T:Let’s make it easier to write it.First,give it a good title.What...!
S:What a special day!What a heavy rain!What an unlucky day!
T:OK.Let’s make it What a heavy rain as a title.Please look at the screen and answer the questions.
笔者在黑板上写出下列的问题:
1.What happened last night?Did you sleep well?
2.What happened to most students in Dongguan?How do you feel?
3.What do you think would have happened in such a heavy rain?What should we do?(How to protect ourselves?)
T:Let’s discuss question 3.
S:There were car accidents.Many cars stopped in the waters in the middle of the road.They were dirty and wet.(笔者把浸水的车和交通事故的情形用简笔画画出来.)
此时一位走读生站在门口.全班同学大笑.
T:Why are you laughing?
S:Xiao Lei is late for class.
T:What is he like?
S:He is the tallest and strongest in our class.
S:The tallest and stongest boy is late for class.
T:Oh.Come in,Xiao Lei.Try not to be late again.
The whole class tell me,what were you doing when Xiao Lei arrived?
S:I was laughing.
S:I was writing.
S:I was listening to the teacher carefully.
T:Well,it’s not polite to laugh at the others.Let’s ask Xiao Lei whether your English teacher told a lie.
S1:Does the TV said that students don’t have to go to school today?
Xiao Lei:Yes.That’s right.I thought we had no school.That’s why I was late.
S2:What did you see on your way to school?
Xiao Lei:Dirty roads.Empty road cover.Broken cars.
S:What happened to the drivers?...
S:What our teacher said was right.
T:OK.Let’s form groups of four students and begin to write the diary on our notebook.You can use the words on the blackboard.
...
最后,笔者展示了几位学生的日记,并复习了日记中运用到词组、句型和英语时态,收到有效的教学效果。
2.分析与思考
托尔斯泰说:“成功的教学所需要的不是强制而是激发学生兴趣”。兴趣又是在实践活动中形成、发展和培养起来的。这一节课,笔者能够捕捉和利用动态的教学资源,调整教学设计,在课堂教学中有了真正的师生互动,并在课堂活动中抓住新生成动态资源,在学生充满的好奇的状态下推进,学生不但得到了语言训练,也能让学生在互动中获得情境体验和情感陶治.在教学反思中,笔者获得不少的启示。
2.1 捕捉和利用动态的教学资源需要教学智慧
动态教学资源是在教学活动中产生的与预设相对的教学资源,对教学效果产生直接的影响。备课时要以“教材”为中心和以“活动为中心”的备课模式结合起来,既备课程资源、备教材、备学生,又要备学生。在教学中,不能为了让预设的顺利进行而对更有效的动态资源进行控制或放弃,全市停课而笔者们要上课可以让学生有各种不同的feeling,笔者们如何要让“意外”变得“精彩”,这需要教师的教学智慧。
2.2 捕捉和利用动态的教学资源需要学会观察和倾听
为了使教学更有效,教师要不断加强学生之间的合作、师生之间的交流,自然还须持之以恒的鼓励学生不断提问。在这种互动中不断激活学生的背景知识,让课堂动起来,让课堂活起来。这需要教师观察和倾听学生新的发现、观察和倾听学生充满想象力的猜测……在观察和倾听中捕捉鲜活的信息,并把它补充到教学中,使课堂焕发出勃勃微生机。在学生大笑一迟到学生时,笔者并没有责备学生,而是运用这一情景让学生把形容词最高级和过去进行时进行有机结合练习运用,在学生不知如何表达时适时补充tell a lie,so...that等词语。并在交谈中结合使用了宾语从句。从而在日记中实践既巩固了本学期所学的语法点,突出了教学目的与重点,又把所学的知识综合运用,起到了事半功倍的效果,同时也体现了新课标的宗旨。
2.3 捕捉和利用动态的教学资源需要更新理念
怎么样的课才是好课?怎么样的课才称得上是有效课堂?这涉及教学的理念。
意外事例的发生和在课堂教学中真正的师生互动,自然会产生丰富多彩课堂动态资源,长期形成的传统教学观念容易让多数教师既希望学生动起来,又害怕完成不了教学任务,这实际上仍然注意教师的教而忽视学生的学,又回到“重教授,轻对话”的传统教学模式之中,即对“教学中存在的不和谐,给予有效的控制”,而末能“以学定教”,即把学生原有的知识作为施教的基础。新课标指出:只有创造性使用教材,才能实现教学内容与教学方法和手段的完善统一,才能使教材的普遍性同本地区教学实践的特殊性有机结合,才能最大限度地满足学生对学习内容、教学方法的需求。
3.结束语
总之,教者们要不断学习新的教学理论,潜心研究教材,以课标为依据,充分开发、利用动态的课程资源,探索能促进学生全面发展的行之有效的教学方法,让学生在完成任务的过程中有了自由发挥、自我创新的机会,让他们的学习兴趣也越来越浓,学习越来越有实效,教师也创造性地完成课程的目标和任务,提高教学效率。
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[2]于秀娟.例谈如何创造性地使用初中英语教材.中小学英语教学与研究,2008(08).