以父之名——那些开宗创派的伟人们

by P. M. Pen

While not all of these great men throughout history were actually biological fathers， they each made such significant[意义重大的] contributions[贡献] to the world that they were given the title of“Father” in their respective[各自的] fields. Many achieved their accomplishments[成就] through hours of sweat and perseverance[坚定不移] as they nurtured[养育，教育] their “babies，” and each deserves[应该得到] a little recognition[赞誉] on this Fathers Day.

在以下多位历史名人当中，尽管不是所有人都真的当上了父亲，但他们都为世界作出了极其杰出的贡献，因而在各自的领域中被尊称为“父”。（他们当中的）许多人在养育自己的“孩子”时付出了辛勤汗水以及不懈的努力，从而取得了惊人的成就。在这个父亲节，每一位这样的伟人都应该得到一点小小的褒奖。

Henry Ford： Father of Mass Production[大规模生产]

亨利·福特：量产之父

Most only know him as the man behind the Ford Model T注1； however， Ford is actually most famous for the method of making these vehicles[交通工具] that he introduced to the world. He was the first to design an assembly line[（工厂）装配线]， which allowed manufacturers[厂商] to produce faster than ever before.

Ford had a son， Edsel， and they worked together in the family business for years.

大多数人只知道他创造了福特T型车；然而，让福特真正成名的其实是他向世界介绍了生产汽车的方法。他是生产流水线的第一个设计者——这种方式大大缩短了制造商的生产时间。

福特有一个儿子，名叫埃兹尔。两父子多年来并肩作战，共同打理家族生意。

Johann Sebastian Bach： The Father of Music

约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫：音乐之父

Bach is considered one of the greatest composers[作曲家] of all time. Though he was orphaned[使成为孤儿] at the young age of ten， his relatives took an interest in his life and nurtured his love of music. He was soon considered a child prodigy[神童] and awarded a scholarship[奖学金] to an exclusive school[贵族学校]. He mastered the keyboard， the organ[管风琴]， and the harpsichord[大键琴]， and could also play a variety of other instruments[乐器].

Bach began composing music at a young age， completing over 1，000 works， and his music would become one of the main influences[影响] of the Baroque period注2. He also became a father to 20 children， four of whom followed his passion and became well-known musicians.

巴赫被视为有史以来最伟大的作曲家之一。尽管他年仅十岁就成为孤儿，但亲戚们照料着他长大，培养了他对音乐的热爱。人们很快便发现他是一名神童。巴赫获得了奖学金，得以入读一家贵族学校。他熟练掌握了键盘乐器、管风琴以及大键琴，还能演奏很多其他乐器。

巴赫在年轻时便开始作曲，一生创作了逾千部作品，他的音乐成为巴洛克时期最具影响力的标志之一。他还是二十个孩子的父亲，其中四人继承了他对音乐的热情，成为知名音乐家。

Alexander Fleming： The Father of Penicillin[青霉素]

亚历山大·弗莱明：青霉素之父

After World War I， Alexander Fleming decided that he would find an antibacterial[抗菌的] agent[药剂] seeing so many poor soldiers suffering and dying from infectious[易感染的] wounds. While studying the properties[特性] of a bacterium[细菌]， he discovered the antibiotic[抗生素] penicillin quite by accident. After years of careful study， he recognized the magnitude[重大意义] of his discovery， and it was mass produced after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

Can you imagine life today without this amazing discovery？

第一次世界大战之后，亚历山大·弗莱明决心要找到一种抗菌剂，因为他亲眼目睹了许多可怜的士兵因为伤口感染而受尽折磨，不治身亡。他在研究细菌特性时无意中发现了具有杀菌功能的青霉素。经过多年的仔细研究，他终于意识到这项发现的重要性。珍珠港遇袭之后，该技术被投入大规模生产。

如果没有这项了不起的发现，你能想象今天的生活会是怎样一副模样吗？

The Wright Brothers： The Fathers of Aviation[飞行，航空]

莱特兄弟：飞机之父

The Wright brothers were only a few years apart in age and had a fascination[强烈爱好] for all things that moved. They owned a bicycle business， but soon began to experiment with kites and other flying machines until they became the first humans to invent and fly an airplane with controls.

Neither married or had children， they gave their lives to continue their experiments and the development of aviation.

莱特家的两兄弟年龄只差了几岁，他们对一切会动的东西都特别着迷。尽管他们经营着一家自行车店，这两兄弟很快就开始用风筝以及其他飞行器进行实验，最终成为最早发明并驾驶可控飞机进行飞行的人。

他们两人都没有结婚，也没有孩子，终其一生不断试验，将生命献给了飞行事业的发展。

J.R.R. Tolkien： Father of Modern Fantasy Literature[文学]

J. R. R. 托尔金：现代奇幻文学之父

Most of us have seen or heard of the epic[史诗] trilogy[三部曲] Lord of the Rings. It has become a popular film series[系列] that has attracted even more attention than the novels from which they were taken， written by J.R.R. Tolkien.

What you may not know about Tolkien is that he was born and spent the first few years of his life in a South African village. His father was on a search for diamonds there， but he died soon after. So Tolkien， his mother and younger brother moved back to England.

Tolkien became an English writer， poet， professor， and philologist[语言学者] who wrote many novels， but became famous mostly through the success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings series. Few other writings up until this time were written in high fantasy注3， and Tolkien inspired many other writers in this field. C.S. Lewis注4， another well-known English author， was Tolkiens closest friend.

我们当中大多数人都看过或者听说过史诗式三部曲——《魔戒》。这套作品被拍成了大热系列电影，其人气甚至远远超越了J. R. R. 托尔金所写的原作小说。

你也许不知道，托尔金出生于南非的一个小村落，并在那里度过了幼儿时代。他的父亲在当地寻找钻石，但没多久就过世了，于是托尔金及其母亲和弟弟一起回到了英格兰。

托尔金后来成为了一位英国作家、诗人、教授以及语言学家。他写了很多部小说，其名气却要归功于《霍比特人》和《魔戒》系列的成功。在那时，严肃奇幻题材的作品并不多，托尔金为这个领域的其他作者树立了榜样。另一位著名的英国小说家C. S. 刘易斯是托尔金最要好的朋友。

Albert Einstein： Father of Modern Physics

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦：现代物理学之父

Einstein was a genius who actually came up with[想出] the theory of relativity[相对论] at the age of 16. At the age of 26， he published four papers which brought him world-wide fame as a scientist almost overnight. He came up with never-before-heard theories about relativity， gravity[重力]， and photoelectronics[光电子学]， and founded the theory behind the science of the atomic bomb[原子弹].

爱因斯坦是一位天才——他在16岁时就想出了相对论。26岁那年，他发表了四篇论文，让他几乎在一夜之间便成了举世闻名的科学家。他在相对论、引力学、光电子学等方面提出了闻所未闻的科学理论，同时为原子弹科学奠定了理论基础。

Alexander Graham Bell： The Father of the Telephone

亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔：电话之父

Alexander Bell was an inventor from birth， it seemed， and had a heart for the deaf. He gave instruction in Visible Speech注5， working to help the deaf learn to speak properly. One of his pupils， Mabel Hubbard， eventually became his wife.

Alexander fatefully met Thomas A. Watson注6， and they discovered that they shared an interest as inventors. Together they worked to bring about the worlds first telephone， an invention that has forever changed our world.

亚历山大·贝尔似乎是一位天生的发明家，而且对耳聋人士非常关心。他用“可见语言”指导学生，帮助耳聋人士学会正确发音。其中一名学生——梅布尔·哈伯德最后还成为了他的妻子。

犹如宿命一般，亚历山大遇到了汤玛斯·A. 沃特森，两人发现他们有着“发明”这个共同兴趣。他们一同努力，最终创造出全世界第一部电话机——这项发明永远地改变了我们的世界。