从高考题看非限制性定语从句

齐红杰

在近几年的高考题中常会考察非限制性定语从句， 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。

一、as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。

1. （2012福建） The air quality in the city， ______ is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it C. as D. what

【答案】C

【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。“正如在报告中显示的，城市的空气质量，在过去两个月已经提高了”。

2.（2012安徽）Alot of language learning， has been discovered， is happening in the first year of life， so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it C. which D. this

【答案】A

【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。句意是“正如已被发现的，许多语言学习，出现在人生的第一年，所以，在此期间，父母应该多和孩子交谈”

二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。

（一）.指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点、这件事”等意思，常置主句之后。主句与定语从句用逗号“，”分开。

1.【2012陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race， ______ has surprised us all.

A. that B. where C. which D. what

【答案与解析】C 考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。

2.【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work， ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

答案：B。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。

3.【2012全国II】8. That evening， _____ I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

【答案】B

【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。

【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。

（二）.指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。

1.在“数词+介词+ which”，“介词+which”定语从句里。

（1）.【2012四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students， _____ half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them

.【答案与解析】 C 本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them

而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。

（2）.（2012山东）Maria has written two novels， both of ________ have been made into television series.

A. them B. that C. which D. what

【答案与解析】 C 本题考查“数词+介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句

2.指代前面先行词的事物时。

（2008江苏卷 24） The Science Museum， _____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain， is one of Londons tourist attractions.

A. which B. what C. that D. where A

三.who，whom，whose等引导非限制性定语从句时，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。

1.【2012浙江卷】 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature， _____， for some reason， had withdrawn from all human society.

A. which B. who C. where D. whom

【答案】B

【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。

2.【2012江苏卷】After the flooding， people were suffering in that area，_______ urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which B. who C. where D. what

【答案】B

【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。

3.【2012天津卷】I wish to thank Professor Smith， without _______help I would never have got this far.【B】

A. Who B. whose C. whom D.which

【答案】B

【解析】whose引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做定语

四.when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。

1. （2008北京卷 28） Ill give you my friends home address， I can be reached most evenings.

A. which B. when C. whom D. where D

2. （2008重庆卷 21）They will fly to Washington， they plan to stay for two or three days.

A. where B. there C. which D. when A

（陕西省洋县中学）