在读故事中“完形” 在讲故事中“填空”
2013-04-29卢伟栋
卢伟栋
纵观近几年浙江省高考英语卷的完形填空题,选文均是平淡之中蕴含做人道理的小故事。因此,做完形填空题实际上是一个帮助作者把故事讲述完整的过程。下面以2012年高考英语浙江卷的完形填空题为例,来谈谈怎样替作者讲述故事,做好完形填空题。
【2012年高考英语浙江卷】 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从第21~40 各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中,选出最佳选项。
“Just sign here, sir,” the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package.
The package consisted of a long, narrow box 21 wrapped in brown paper. 22 the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside—a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle.
23 he had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it 24 .
Oscar was 16 when he first saw the 25 umbrella. He had gone to a concert with his grandparents. As they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. Impressed by its 26 , Oscar felt a strong desire to find its 27 .
Oscar 28 the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. Just as he thought, a name matched the seat 29 Oscar had found the umbrella. The name was Mrs Katie OBrien.
Oscar talked his grandparents into going by Mrs OBriens 30 on their way home. He rang the bell, the door opened and an elderly woman appeared. “May I 31 you?” she asked.
“Id like to return it if its yours,” Oscar said, 32 the umbrella as if presenting a
33 that had long been wished for.
“Why, yes! Its mine,” replied Mrs OBrien with a 34 smile and shining eyes. “It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much for returning it. May I offer you a reward for your 35 ?”
“No, maam,” he said. “My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”
“Well, thats 36 what my father used to say. What is your name, young man?”
Years later, Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs OBrien. It was in perfect condition, considering how 37 it was. Why had it arrived here today?
As if 38 , a note fell from the paper. It read: Mrs OBrien wanted you to 39 this umbrella as a present for a kind, 40 gesture long ago.
21. A. strictly B. carefully C. roughly D. casually
22. A. Opening B. Seizing C. Observing D. Searching
23. A. After B. When C. Since D. Although
24. A. clearly B. fully C. immediately D. suddenly
25. A. average B. unusual C. plain D. typical
26. A. beauty B. shape C. origin D. history
27. A. designer B. seller C. user D. owner
28. A. convinced B. forced C. encouraged D. advised
29. A. until B. before C. which D. where
30. A. family B. theater C. house D. neighborhood
31. A. invite B. help C. bother D. know
32. A. putting up B. turning out C. picking up D. holding out
33. A. chance B. fact C. gift D. result
34. A. wide B. confident C. proud D. shy
35. A. patience B. kindness C. courage D. determination
36. A. obviously B. naturally C. exactly D. probably
37. A. old B. rare C. precious D. nice
38. A. in contrast B. in return C. in exchange D. in answer
39. A. possess B. accept C. carry D. value
40. A. attractive B. significant C. unselfish D. sympathetic
首先,在读故事中“完形”。
要讲好故事,必须先读懂故事。所以在填空之前,应先“完形”,即克服挖空的干扰,通读全文,理清故事的情节与情感线索,领悟故事的主旨或作者的意图。
很多同学会在没有通读全文、还不知道情节发展的情况下就开始填空。这样做小则曲解单个句子的句意,大则对整个段落的理解有偏差,导致填到后面的空格时又回过头来改前面的答案。虽然被挖去20个词或短语,但考查的毕竟是一篇情节简单、语句和语意较为连贯的小短文,这种局部的残缺仅仅是干扰但不会影响我们对故事整体的理解。磨刀不误砍柴工,选词填空前的通读步骤切不可省略。
通读浙江卷这篇短文,我们不难整理出这个故事的情节和情感线索。
(1) 情节线:
Oscar收到邮包——看到雨伞——回忆捡到雨伞和送还雨伞——回到现实,伞是礼物。
(2) 情感线有两条:
Oscar:惊讶(收到邮包)——触动(捡到的雨伞十分精致)——急切(归还雨伞)——平和(面对感激)——困惑(多年后收到雨伞)。
Mrs OBrien:困惑(Oscar造访)——喜出望外(雨伞失而复得)——珍惜(雨伞)——感激(Oscar送还雨伞)——被深深打动(Oscar对回报的回答)。
整理出这些线索后,我们不但了解了故事大意,同时还明白了其中蕴含的道理,即 “勿以善小而不为”,故事赞扬了无私、善良、诚信的人性之美。这为下一步具体的选词填空奠定了基础。
其次,在讲故事中“填空”。
读懂故事之后就开始选词填空,填入的词语不仅要词义正确,还要使句意明确、情节连贯、情感合理。要达到这些要求,就必须根据情节和情感线索,紧扣主题,洞察作者的用词意图,保证情节发展与人物情感的自然性。
浙江卷这篇短文的第一段只有一句话,告诉我们Oscar收到了一个邮包。当一个人签收了邮包,接下去自然是由外到里查看邮包,所以第二段讲述的是Oscar观察邮包的外形和包装、打开邮包发现里面是一把雨伞以及他的反应。
21. 这里要填入一个修饰wrapped的副词,可以是“细心地”(carefully),也可以是“粗糙地”(roughly)、“随意地”(casually)。通过第一遍的通读,我们知道雨伞主人Mrs OBrien对这把伞十分珍惜,因而这个包裹肯定是细心包好的,所以选B。
22. 看完外包装,下一个动作自然是看邮包里面是什么。只有打开包裹才能看到里面的物品,所以这里填Opening。
23~24. 打开包裹,看到一把有着雕刻木柄的老旧雨伞,收件人一定会有反应,23、24两空所在的句子对此进行了描述。读过一遍文章后,我们已经知道Oscar对捡雨伞、还雨伞这件事记忆犹新,否则就不可能马上回忆起往事,所以这句话表述的是“虽然他二十多年没有见到这把雨伞了,但还是一眼就认出了它”。因此,第23题选Although,引导让步状语从句;第24题选immediately。其他选项clearly, fully, suddenly都不符合句意。
虽然二十多年没见到这把雨伞了,但Oscar还能一眼就认出它,为什么呢?下面肯定要解答读者心中的疑问,所以第三段讲述了Oscar对这把雨伞的回忆。
25. 二十多年没见依然一眼就能认出,可见这把雨伞一定是非同寻常的,所以填入unusual。有些同学会填typical,这个词意为“典型的、有代表性的”,用在这里并不合适。
26. 前文交待过这是一把雕刻精致的雨伞,雨伞不会有什么令人印象深刻的形状(shape),它的历史(history)与来源(origin)也不是发现它时一眼就能看出的,所以这里填入beauty最恰当,与前文中的with a beautifully carved wooden handle呼应。
27. 这把伞这么漂亮,丢了伞的人一定会着急难过,我们知道Oscar是个善良的人,所以他有强烈的愿望要物归原主。“伞的主人”用owner表示比user准确,user只是使用者,不代表拥有这把伞。
……
由于篇幅所限,这里就不对这篇文章的所有挖空处进行分析了。从上面七道题的选择我们就能看出,选词填空的正确做法是边读故事边选择,紧紧随着情节的发展对空白处所缺之词做出预测,然后再从选项中选出最贴切的词。只看挖空的句子,不联系上下文,不辨析各个选项表意的差别,选出的答案往往容易只满足单个句子句意的需要,却不符合全文情节的发展或情感的连贯。