APP下载

RGC-32和E-cadherin在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床病理学意义

2012-11-07朱亮赵慧贞庞慧芳覃华黎培员李德民赵秋

中华胰腺病杂志 2012年3期
关键词:胰腺癌胰腺炎胰腺

朱亮 赵慧贞 庞慧芳 覃华 黎培员 李德民 赵秋

·论著·

RGC-32和E-cadherin在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床病理学意义

朱亮 赵慧贞 庞慧芳 覃华 黎培员 李德民 赵秋

目的探讨RGC-32和E-cadherin蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达,分析其临床病理学意义以及两种蛋白表达之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测42例胰腺癌、12例慢性胰腺炎和8例正常胰腺组织中RGC-32和E-cadherin蛋白的表达。结果RGC-32主要表达于胰腺腺泡细胞胞质内;E-cadherin主要表达于正常胰腺和慢性胰腺炎组织胰腺腺泡细胞胞膜,而在胰腺癌中则可出现胞质表达和(或)表达减弱等异常表达。胰腺癌组织中RGC-32的阳性表达率以及E-cadherin异常表达率分别为78.6%(33/42)和54.8%(23/42),均显著高于正常胰腺组织的37.5%(3/8)和0以及慢性胰腺炎组织41.7%(5/12)和8.3%(1/12)(P值均<0.05)。胰腺癌组织RGC-32表达与肿瘤淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P值分别为0.016、0.025),而与患者的年龄、性别及肿瘤分化程度无关(P值分别为0.831、1.000、0.629);E-cadherin异常表达与胰腺癌分化程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P值分别为0.024、0.004、0.004),而与患者年龄、性别无关(P值分别为0.970、1.000)。RGC-32的阳性表达率与E-cadherin异常表达率呈正相关(r=0.458,P<0.01)。结论胰腺癌组织中RGC-32阳性表达率及E-cadherin异常表达率均显著升高,RGC-32可能通过调控上皮间质转化过程参与胰腺癌的侵袭和转移。

胰腺肿瘤; 免疫组织化学; RGC-32; 上皮-钙黏素; 上皮间质转化

RGC-32(response gene to complement-32)是一种新发现的补体激活基因,在包括胰腺在内的多种正常组织表达,参与细胞周期以及细胞分化的调节等[1-3]。有研究表明,RGC-32在人类多种肿瘤中异常表达[4-7],但其在胰腺癌中的表达及与胰腺癌发生、发展的关系尚未见报道。上皮-钙黏素(E-cadherin)是上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)的重要标志分子之一,并与肿瘤的侵袭转移有关。本研究检测RGC-32、E-cadherin在正常胰腺、慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌组织中的表达,分析二者与胰腺癌临床病理特征之间的关系及两者间的相互关系。

材料和方法

一、临床资料

收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2005年至2010年手术切除的胰腺癌标本42例,其中男性21例,女性21例,年龄22~74岁,平均55岁。另取 12 例慢性胰腺炎(CP)和 8 例正常胰腺组织标本作为对照。

二、RGC-32和E-cadherin蛋白检测

采用免疫组织化学染色法,即用型链霉亲和素-过氧化物酶(SP)试剂盒购自北京中杉金桥公司,严格按照说明书操作。兔抗人RGC-32多抗购自美国Santa Cruz公司,工作浓度1∶50;兔抗人E-cadherin多抗购自美国Proteintech公司,工作浓度1∶100。采用已知阳性(结肠癌)片为阳性对照,PBS代替一抗为阴性对照。

每张切片随机选取 5个高倍镜视野(×400),每视野计数500个细胞。RGC-32阳性表达为胞质内出现棕黄色染色颗粒。结果判断标准:无染色为0分,浅黄色1分,棕黄色2分,棕褐色3分;无阳性细胞为0 分,阳性细胞<10%为1分,10%~50%为2分,>50%为3分。两分乘积≥2为免疫组化阳性,否则计为阴性。E-cadherin阳性表达为胞膜上出现棕黄色染色颗粒。正常胰腺和CP组织中主要表达于腺泡细胞胞膜,胰腺癌中则可出现胞质表达和(或)表达减弱。结果判断参照Jawhari等[8]的方法,以正常胰腺或胰腺癌组织周围残存的正常胰腺组织E-cadherin表达为阳性对照,癌细胞完全不表达为0分,癌细胞胞质表达为1分,癌细胞染色强度降低为2分,癌细胞染色部位及强度与正常胰腺组织相同为3分。≤2分为异常表达,3分为正常表达。

三、统计学处理

采用SPSS17.0统计软件,应用χ2检验、Fisher精确检验和Spearman等级相关检验分析数值间的差异和相关性。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

结 果

一、RGC-32、E-cadherin蛋白的表达

42例胰腺癌组织的RGC-32阳性表达率及E-cadherin异常表达率分别为78.6%(33/42)和54.8%(23/42),均高于正常胰腺组织的37.5%(3/8)和0以及CP组织的41.7%(5/12)和8.3%(1/12),差异均具有统计学意义(图1、2;χ2值分别为5.623、8.113、6.097、8.148,P值分别为0.030、0.005、0.028、0.004);正常胰腺组织和CP组织中两者差异无统计学意义(χ2值分别为0.035、0.702,P=1.000)。

图1胰腺癌(a)、慢性胰腺炎(b)及正常胰腺组织(c)中RGC-32蛋白表达(SP ×400)

图2胰腺癌(a)、慢性胰腺炎(b)及正常胰腺组织(c)中E-cadherin蛋白表达(SP ×400)

二、RGC-32、E-cadherin蛋白表达与胰腺癌临床病理学特征的关系

RGC-32蛋白的阳性表达与胰腺癌的淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P值均<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别及胰腺癌的分化程度无关(P值均>0.05)。E-cadherin蛋白的异常表达与胰腺癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P值均<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别无关(表1)。

表1RGC-32及E-cadherin蛋白表达与肿瘤临床病理学特征的关系

病理特征例数RGC-32阳性表达[例,率(%)]χ2值P值E-cadherin异常表达[例,率(%)]χ2值P值年龄(岁)0.3710.8310.0210.990 <4575(71.4)4(57.1) 45~592218(81.8)12(54.5) ≥601310(76.9)7(53.8)性别0.1411.0000.0961.000 男2117(81.0)11(52.4) 女2116(76.2)12(57.1)分化程度0.9280.6297.4270.024 高分化1612(75.0)5(31.3) 中分化118(72.7)6(54.5) 低分化1513(86.7)12(80.0)淋巴结转移7.6490.0169.2410.004 无169(56.3)4(25.0) 有2624(92.3)19(73.1)TNM分期5.7040.0259.2590.004 Ⅰ~Ⅱ1811(61.1)5(27.8) Ⅲ~Ⅳ2422(91.7)18(75.0)

三、胰腺癌组织RGC-32阳性表达与E-cadherin异常表达之间的关系

42例胰腺癌组织中,RGC-32阳性表达且E-cadherin异常表达者22例, RGC-32阴性表达且E-cadherin正常表达者8例,RGC-32阳性表达率与E-cadherin异常表达率之间呈正相关(r=0.458,P<0.01)。

讨 论

RGC-32基因1998年由Badea等[1]首次克隆获得。作为一种重要的补体应答基因,RGC-32参与许多生物学功能,如细胞增殖、细胞分化等[2-3]。近年来,RGC-32在肿瘤中的作用受人关注。现已发现,在人类多种肿瘤中存在RGC-32异常表达。Fosbrink等[4]研究发现,肺癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、乳癌及前列腺癌等肿瘤组织中均有不同程度的RGC-32表达上调,然而也有报道在原发性星状细胞瘤的进展期,RGC-32 mRNA表达水平下调[5]。另外,在各种转移性癌中RGC-32表达的研究结果也不尽相同。在伴有溶骨性转移的乳腺癌中RGC-32表达上调[6],而在前列腺转移癌中其表达下调[7]。因此,RGC-32在肿瘤中的作用比较复杂,在不同肿瘤中其表达强度、作用可能不尽相同。RGC-32在胰腺癌中的表达目前国内外尚无报道。

本研究结果显示,胰腺癌中RGC-32的阳性表达率及表达强度显著高于慢性胰腺炎及正常胰腺组织,且与患者淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关,提示RGC-32表达上调可能与胰腺癌的转移有关。

多项研究表明,EMT是促进胰腺癌侵袭和转移的重要因素之一[9-11]。EMT是指上皮细胞在特定的生理或病理情况下从上皮细胞特性向间质细胞特性转变的现象,表现为细胞黏附性下降或消失,极性丧失,细胞运动和侵袭能力增强[12]。EMT过程伴有一系列分子水平的变化,其中上皮表型标记分子E-cadherin表达下调是EMT的重要标志之一[13]。

E-cadherin是钙黏素(cadherin)家族成员之一,为上皮细胞之间及细胞与细胞外基质黏附的重要黏附分子。在正常情况下,E-cadherin与连接蛋白β-catenin形成复合物共同维持组织结构的完整性和极性。当E-cadherin的表达下降或者E-cadherin-β-catenin基因突变而致其结构异常时可导致肿瘤细胞间的黏附性下降,细胞间的连接松散,极性丧失,肿瘤细胞易于从原发灶脱离而向外浸润性生长乃至远处转移。有研究表明[14-15],E-cadherin的表达异常和(或)功能丧失在胰腺癌侵袭转移过程中起着重要作用。本研究结果也显示,胰腺癌中E-cadherin的异常表达率显著升高,并与胰腺癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关。

本实验还证实,胰腺癌中RGC-32的阳性表达与E-cadherin的异常表达呈正相关。这提示RGC-32可能是胰腺癌EMT新的标志物。近期的一项研究表明,RGC-32参与TGF-β诱导的近端肾小管上皮细胞EMT过程[16]。结合本实验的结果,我们推测RGC-32可能通过调控EMT过程参与胰腺癌的侵袭和转移,其具体作用及机制有待进一步研究。

[1] Badea TC, Niculescu FI, Soane L, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of RGC-32, a novel gene induced by complement activation in oligodendrocytes. J Biol Chem, 1998, 273: 26977-26981.

[2] Badea T, Niculescu F, Soane L, et al. RGC-32 increases p34CDC2 kinase activity and entry of aortic smooth muscle cells into S-phase. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277: 502-508.

[3] Li F, Luo Z, Huang W, et al. Response gene to complement 32, a novel regulator for transforming growth factor-beta-induced smooth muscle differentiation of neural crest cells. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282: 10133-10137.

[4] Fosbrink M, Cudrici C, Niculescu F, et al. Overexpression of RGC-32 in colon cancer and other tumors. Exp Mol Pathol, 2005, 78: 116-122.

[5] Saigusa K, Imoto I, Tanikawa C, et al. RGC32, a novel p53-inducible gene, is located on centrosomes during mitosis and results in G2/M arrest. Oncogene, 2007, 26: 1110-1121.

[6] Kang Y, Siegel PM, Shu W, et al. A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Cell, 2003, 3: 537-549.

[7] Chandran UR, Ma C, Dhir R, et al. Gene expression profiles of prostate cancer reveal involvement of multiple molecular pathways in the metastatic process. BMC Cancer, 2007, 7: 64.

[8] Jawhari A, Jordan S, Poole S, et al. Abnormal immunoreactivity of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in gastric carcinoma: relationship with patient survival. Gastroenterology, 1997, 112: 46-54.

[9] Ellenrieder V, Hendler SF, Boeck W, et al. Transforming growth factor beta1 treatment leads to an epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of pancreatic cancer cells requiring extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation. Cancer Res, 2001, 61: 4222-4228.

[10] Zhao S, Venkatasubbarao K, Lazor JW, et al. Inhibition of STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation by Smad4 suppresses transforming growth factor beta-mediated invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res, 2008, 68: 4221-4228.

[11] Levy L, Hill CS. Smad4 dependency defines two classes of transforming growth factor {beta} (TGF-{beta}) target genes and distinguishes TGF-{beta}-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition from its antiproliferative and migratory responses. Mol Cell Biol, 2005, 25: 8108-8125.

[12] Polyak K, Weinberg RA. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states: acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits. Nat Rev Cancer, 2009, 9:265-273.

[13] Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell, 2009, 139: 871-890.

[14] Von Burstin J, Eser S, Paul MC, et al. E-cadherin regulates metastasis of pancreatic cancer in vivo and is suppressed by a SNAIL/HDAC1/HDAC2 repressor complex. Gastroenterology, 2009, 137: 361-371.

[15] Pryczynicz A, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Kemona A, et al. Expression of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 2010, 48: 128-133.

[16] Huang WY, Li ZG, Rus H, et al. RGC-32 mediates transforming growth factor-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular cells. J Biol Chem, 2009, 284: 9426-9432.

ExpressionsofRGC-32andE-cadherininpancreaticcancerandtheirclinicopathologicalsignificance

ZHULiang,ZHAOHui-zhen,PANGHui-fang,QINHua,LIPei-yuan,LIDe-min,ZHAOQiu.

DepartmentofGastroenterology,TongjiHospital,TongjiMedicalcollege,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430030,China

ZHAOQiu,Email:zhaoqiu@medmail.com.cn

ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of RGC-32 and E-cadherin in pancreatic cancer and analyze their clinicopathological significance and the correlation with each other.MethodsSP immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of RGC-32 and E-cadherin in 42 cases of pancreatic cancer tissues, 12 cases of chronic pancreatitis tissues and 8 cases of normal pancreatic tissues.ResultsThe positive staining for RGC-32 was predominantly observed in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells. The positive staining for E-cadherin was mainly observed in the cytomembrane of normal pancreatic and chronic pancreatitis acinar cells, but aberrant expression (cytoplasm expression and (or) weaker expression) could be found in pancreatic cancer cells. The positive expression rate of RGC-32 and aberrant expression rate of E-cadherin were 78.6%(33/42) and 54.8%(23/42), respectively, in pancreatic cancer tissues, which were significantly higher than those in normal pancreatic tissues [37.5%(3/8) and 0]and chronic pancreatitis [41.7%(5/12)and8.3%(1/12) with statisticai significance,P<0.05]. The expression of RGC-32 in pancreatic cancer was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P=0.016, 0.025, respectively),but not with age, gender and differentiation degree (P=0.831, 1.000, 0.629, respectively). The aberrant expression of E-cadherin was associated with differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging(P=0.024,0.004, 0.004, respectively), but not with age and gender (P=0.970,1.000, respectively). A significantly positive correlation was found between positive expression rate of RGC-32 and aberrant expression rate of E-cadherin (r=0.458,P<0.01).ConclusionsBoth positive expression rate of RGC-32 and aberrant expression rate of E-cadherin are up-regulated significantly in pancreatic cancer tissues and RGC-32 may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer by regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Pancreatic neoplasmas; Immunohistochemistry; Response gene to complement-32; Epithelial-cadherin; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.03.010

教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20110142110013)

430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院消化内科(朱亮、赵慧贞、庞慧芳、覃华、黎培员、李德民、赵秋);南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科(朱亮)

赵秋,Email: zhaoqiu@medmail.com.cn

2011-07-20)

(本文编辑:吕芳萍)

猜你喜欢

胰腺癌胰腺炎胰腺
CT联合CA199、CA50检测用于胰腺癌诊断的敏感性与特异性探讨
胰腺癌治疗为什么这么难
CT影像对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值
吸烟会让胰腺癌发病提前10年
急性胰腺炎恢复进食时间的探讨
《中华胰腺病杂志》稿约
CT,MRI诊断急性胰腺炎胰腺内外病变价值比较
孕期大补当心胰腺炎
桑椹提取物对胰蛋白酶的抑制作用及对小鼠胰腺组织的损伤
新的胰腺癌分型:胰腺癌是四种独立的疾病