胱抑素C在急性肾损伤中的诊断价值
2011-05-09孟令权李冰冰史连义
赵 娟,孟令权,李冰冰,史连义,刘 星,张 祎
(1.中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院重症医学科,河北廊坊 065000;2.中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院骨科,河北廊坊 065000;3.中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院检验科,河北廊坊 065000)
胱抑素C在急性肾损伤中的诊断价值
赵 娟1,孟令权2,李冰冰1,史连义3,刘 星1,张 祎1
(1.中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院重症医学科,河北廊坊 065000;2.中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院骨科,河北廊坊 065000;3.中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院检验科,河北廊坊 065000)
目的探讨胱抑素C在急性肾损伤(actue kidney injury,AKI)中的诊断价值。方法收集ICU患者141例,每例患者入ICU即刻及每天早晨留取血尿标本,检测血胱抑素C(serum cystatin C,scys C)、尿胱抑素C(urinary cystatin C,Ucys C)和血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)。结果32例AKI患者较109例非AKI患者的ScysC、Ucys C、Scr均明显升高(P<0.05)。ROC分析证实,ScysC和UcysC在AKI诊断中的敏感性、特异性分别为78%、93%和81%、77%。结论胱抑素C可以作为重症患者并发AKI的诊断指标。
胱抑素C;急性肾损伤;诊断
急性肾损伤(actue kidney injury,AKI)是重症患者常见和严重的并发症,发生率16.0%~44.7%,病死率20.8%~60.0%[1-4],监测重症患者肾功能变化十分重要。胱抑素C(cystatin C)是反映肾脏功能的指标之一,其在慢性肾脏疾病的研究中应用较广,但在AKI中研究较少。本文探讨重症患者胱抑素C在AKI中的诊断价值。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料:2009年5月—2010年5月我院ICU患者141例,除外原有慢性肾脏疾病及住ICU不足48h患者,男性85例,女性56例,年龄18~96岁,平均(56.09±18.31)岁。每例患者入ICU即刻及每天早晨7∶00采集血、尿标本,处理后保存于-20℃冰箱,集中检测血胱抑素C(serum cystatin C,ScysC)、尿胱抑素C(urinary cystatin C,UcysC)和血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)。
1.2 AKI诊断标准:按急性透析质量发起组(acute dia1ysis qua1ity initative,ADQI)的危险、损伤、衰竭、肾功能丧失和终末期肾病(risk,injury,fai1ure,1oss,end stage kidney disease,RIFLE)标准诊断,Scr升高≥50%基础值进行诊断[5],以每例患者入ICU第1次的Scr为基线水平。
1.3 标本检测:采用颗粒增强透射免疫比浊法(purtic1e-enhanced turbimetric immunoassay,PETIA)检测ScysC和UcysC,酶法检测Scr。标本在OLYMPUS7200全自动生化仪上进行检测。
1.4 统计学方法:应用SPSS15.0软件进行处理,计量资料以±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。应用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价各指标诊断AKI的准确性、敏感性和特异性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结 果
2.1 重症患者AKI发生率及病因:141例ICU患者中按Scr标准符合AKI诊断者32例,AKI发生率22.7%。病因包括严重感染9例,大手术6例,严重外伤4例,中毒4例,心力衰竭4例,脑血管病3例,心肺复苏2例。未发生AKI 109例为对照组。
2.2 AKI患者组与非AKI患者组ScysC、UcysC和Scr比较:AKI组较非AKI组Scys C、Ucys C、Scr均明显升高(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1 AKI患者与非AKI患者ScysC、UcysC和Scr比较Tabel 1 ScysC,UcysC and Scr in AK I and non-AK I
2.3 CysC在AKI中的诊断价值:以Scr升高≥50%基础值作为AKI诊断标准,从ROC曲线可以看出ScysC、UcysC和Scr在诊断AKI时曲线下面积分别为0.848(95%CI 0.764~0.932)、0.810(95%CI 0.733~0.886)、0.789(95%CI 0.706~0.871)。当以ScysC≥1.115 mg/L作为AKI诊断界值时,其敏感性和特异性分别为78%和93%,当以UcysC≥0.665mg/L作为AKI诊断界值时,其敏感性和特异性分别为81%和77%(图1)。
图1 ScysC、UcysC和Scr诊断AKI的ROC曲线Figure 1 ROC curves of ScysC,UcysC and Scr for diagnosis of AKI
3 讨 论
ADQI关于AKI诊断建议指出,Scr和尿量是目前AKI分期的依据,但这两个指标均受多种因素的影响,存在一定的局限性。由于Scr与肾小球滤过率的相关性、肾功能储备量和Scr生成率有个体差异,故同等程度肾皮质损伤下Scr的改变可能并不一致;另外,在AKI进展期和恢复期,Scr并非稳态,其变化滞后于肾功能的实际变化,Scr作为诊断指标存在缺陷。
胱抑素C是一种由122个氨基酸组成的相对分子量为13 000的蛋白质,由体内所有有核细胞以恒定速率产生,无组织特异性,故胱抑素C 24h波动很小,因此可以随时留取血尿标本进行检测,具有实用性。Scys C经肾小球自由滤过,在肾小管被全部重吸收,不能被肾小管分泌,且肾脏是清除胱抑素C的惟一器官,所以胱抑素C在体内消减取决于GRF,不受年龄、体质量、肌肉容积、炎症状态等因素的影响,是一种理想的反映GRF变化的内源性标志物,具有较高的敏感性和特异性[6-7],故Scys C浓度增高表明肾小球功能损害,UcysC浓度增高表明肾小管功能损害[8-11]。
本研究中AKI患者Scr和ScysC、UcysC较非AKI患者明显升高,进一步ROC分析曲线证实ScysC、UcysC用于诊断AKI较Scr具有较高的敏感性和特异性。表明胱抑素C可反映AKI时肾功能的急剧变化,可作为诊断AKI的指标。
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(本文编辑:赵丽洁)
THE DIAGNOSISVALUE FOR CYSTATIN C IN ACTUE K IDNEY INJURY
ZHAO Juan1,MENG Lingquan2,LIBingbing1,SHILianyi3,LIU Xing1,ZHANG Yi1
(1.Department of Intensive Care Unit,the Central Hospital of China National Petroleum Corporation,Hebei Province,Langfang 065000,China;2.Department of Orthopaedics,the Central Hospital of China National Petroleum Corporation,Hebei Province,Langfang 065000,China;3.Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Central Hospital of China National Petroleum Corporation,Hebei Province,Langfang 065000,China)
Ob jective To study the diagnostic va1ue of cystatin C in detecting actue kidney injury(AKI).MethodsA tota1of 141critica11y i11 patients hospita1ized in intensive care unit(ICU)were enro11ed,b1ood and urinary samp1es were co11ected at admission and dai1y.Serum cystatin C(ScysC),urinary cystatin C(UcysC)and serum creatinine(Scr)were detected.Resu lts Cystatin C and creatinine in AKI patients were dramatica11y increased as compared to that of non-AKI.Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)ana1ysis confirmed the sensitivity and specificity for ScysC and UcysC in AKIwere 78%,93%and 81%,77%,respective1y.ConclusionCystatin C can be used as a diagnostic marker of AKI in critica11y i11patients.
Cystatin C;rena1insufficiency;diagnosis
R692.5
A
1007-3205(2011)10-1120-03
2011-07-05;
2011-09-19
赵娟(1970-),女,达斡尔族,内蒙古牙克石人,中国石油天然气集团公司中心医院副主任医师,副教授,医学硕士,从事重症医学诊治研究。
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2011.10.003