牛津高中英语中表“让步”与高考链接

吴　涛

在高中英语学习过程中，经常会遇到一些表达“虽然；即使；不论；尽管”等让步意义的词汇，其中有从属连词、介词、介词短语和习语等，而且在高考中出现的频率也很高。现将其归纳如下：

1. although conj.“虽然，尽管”例如：

Although this is a bit different from conventional businesses, the programme has a rapidly growing output and many people have been quite successful. (M10U1)尽管这有一点点不同于传统的商业，但它的产量迅速增长，许多人很成功。

2. though conj. “虽然，尽管”例如：

Though they got along well, therere some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. (M5U1)他们俩相处得很好，但阿曼达跟她朋友的有些事情让罗伯特感到困惑。

友情提醒：

①省略结构中用though，不用although 例如：

Though alone, he is happy. 尽管单身，他却很快乐。

②though还可以和其他词结合，构成as though, even though等固定词组，而although不可以。

③though 和as一样，可引起倒装，而although不可以。例如：

Hard though he studied, he didnt pass the exam.尽管他学习很用功，但考试还是没及格。

④though还可用作副词“可是，然而，不过”，常位于句中或句末，其前用逗号隔开，而although不可以。例如：

When I look back, I find I didnt like some of the questions the audience asked, though. （M5U2）当我回顾时，我却发现我不喜欢观众提的一些问题。

3. whether conj. “不管，无论” 例如：

Whether students want to exercise or just want some fun, they can use our gym. （M1U1） 无论学生想锻炼还是娱乐，他们都可以使用我们的体育馆。

4. no matter what/ where/ when/ how etc. “ 不管，无论，不论” ，引导让步状语从句，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如：

Today, athletes from around the world can take part no matter what language they speak. （M4U2）今天，来自世界各地的运动员都可以参加，无论说的是那种语言。

5. wh-类词与ever合成，表示让步意义。例如：

With mobile phones, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are. (M7U1)有了手机，无论我们在哪儿都可以和别人保持联系。

Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end the English saying “Laughter is the best medicine” may be true after all. (M6U1)不管什么原因，研究表明格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。

Whichever kind of public transport you choose, you should do your part towards making a better world…(M7U4)不论你选择什么样的交通方式，你都应该尽力去创造一个更加美好的世界……

6. even if/ even though “尽管，即使” 例如：

Well try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though theyre dangerous so that I can take some really good photos. (M2U2)尽管这些动物很危险，我们还是要试图尽可能地靠近它们，这样我就有可能拍到一些真正的好照片了。

Even if youre a person between a child and a grown-up, you still are not expected to act so badly! (M1U2)即使你是一个介于孩童和成年人之间的人，你做出这样糟糕的事情也让人很惊讶！

友情提醒：

①even if 和even though引导让步状语从句，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

②even if 和even though后面也可接分词。与句子主语是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系时，用过去分词。例如：

Even though falling behind, I still have confidence in myself.我虽然落后了，但仍然对自己有信心。

I wouldnt like to attend his party even if invited. 我不会参加他的宴会，即使被邀请。

7. while conj.“虽然，尽管”(此时只用于句首) 例如：

While these different forms of greetings and customs might seem strange to you, remember that what you consider normal probably seems equally strange to others. （M6U3）虽然在你看来这些问候方式和习俗可能很奇怪，但请记住，你觉得正常的问候方式和习俗在别人看来或许同样奇怪。

8. regardless of “不顾，不管” （其后不加句子）例如：

Our policy is to include high-quality films, regardless of who makes them. (M8U4)我们的政策是囊括所有高质量的电影，而不考虑是谁制作它们。

9. despite prep. “尽管，任凭” （其后不加句子）例如：

Despite this fact, French still had an impact on the English language.（M3U2）然而，法语还是对英语产生了巨大的影响。

拓展延伸：

10. as conj. “尽管，虽然，即使”此时通常用倒装语序，即把从句的表语（如果是名词，零冠词）或状语或含有情态动词的实意动词放到as前。例如：

Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow.尽管我年轻，我早知道自己要从事什么职业。

Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.尽管还是个孩子，可他精通电脑。

Try as she would/ might, she couldnt open the door.她试过多次了，却打不开那扇门。

11. when conj. “虽然，（然）而” 例如：

He usually walks when he might ride.虽然有车可坐，他通常总是步行。

12. in spite of “不管，尽管” （这是一个介词短语，其后不加句子）例如：

They said that they would keep on fighting in spite of all setbacks.他们说他们将百折不回地战斗下去。

即时巩固：

1. With the touch with family members ______ you are in the world.(M7U3)

2. ______ you think the Academy Awards are a film festival or not, everyone agrees that the Oscar

is the best-known award a contemporary film can receive.(M8U4)

3.______ way I look at it, Ill never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.

(M6U2)

4. ______ a number of tombs have survived relatively undamaged, all have suffered at least some

damage from centuries of exposure, war, fire and deliberate destruction. (M9U2)

5. This is the key to getting the job you want, ______ youre just applying for a position as a

typist.(M11U2)

高考链接：

1. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ______ there is human suffering. (2006

江西)

A. whoeverB. howeverC. whatever D. wherever

2.______ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. (2006 全国卷I)

A. Since B. Unless C. AsD. Although

3. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______ they knew it to be available. (2007 浙江)

A. as ifB. now thatC. even though D. so that

4.______ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (2007 山东)

A. AsB. SinceC. If D. While

5.______ this is only a small town, its crowded with tourists who come here all year round. (2008

上海春季)

A. Since B. UnlessC. Once D. Although

6.______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. (2008 辽宁)

A. WhateverB. Whenever C. WhereverD. However

7. All people, _____ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those

in need since the disaster. (2008重庆)

A. even ifB. whether C. no matter D. however

8. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season. (2008 全国卷I)

A. whateverB. whereverC. whenever D. however

Keys:

即时巩固

1. wherever / no matter where 2. Whether 3. Whichever 4. Although / Though 5. even if / even though

高考链接

1—5 DDCDD 6—8 DBA