ｓｏ与ｓｕｃｈ巧分辨

郭连元

so与such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。

1.so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。

so的词序为：so+adj+a（an）+n

such的词序为：such+a（an）+adj+n

它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。

so nice a coat=such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套

so interesting a book=such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书

注意：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so。例如：

such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花

such clever children 如此聪明的孩子

但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。例如：

so many books 这么多书

so few people 这么少的人

so much money 那么多的钱

so little milk 那么少的牛奶

2.和that连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。so...that...句型结构为：

so+adj（adv）+that...

so+adj+a（an）+单数名词+that...

so+many（few）+复数名词+that...

so+much（little）+不可数名词+that... 例如：

This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。

He spoke so fast that we couldnt understand him.他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。

It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天气很热，谁都不想干活。

There were so many people that we could hardly move on.这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。

such...that...句型结构为：

such+a（an）+adj+单数名词+that...

such+adj+复数名词+that...

such+adj+不可数名词+that... 例如：

She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her.她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。

They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two.这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。

It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it.这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。

注意：由于so和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样so...that...与such...that...也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.可改写成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times.It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.可改写成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

3.so与that可以直接构成词组so that，引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。例如：

He worked hard so that he could pass the exams.为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。（但such没有这种用法）