小议“强调”表达法

杨乃芹

为了突出信息的重要性,英语中常使用强调手段。近年来,中学教材中也出现了许多强调的手段,现加以归纳说明。

一、句型法

即运用某些特殊的句型来进行强调,如强调句型It iswas that…和否定疑问句等。如:

It is not blind man that/who make such mistakes.

Cant you understand what I said?

I cant thank you too much.

二、语序法

即通过改变句子的正常语序,使原来的句子倒装来进行强调。

1.强调状语,把状语放在句首。如:

Only in this way can we learn English well.

2.强调表语,把表语放在句首。如:

A very important experiment it is.

3.有些词和词组如hardly,never, seldom, not only, by no means, in no case, no sooner…than,hardly…when等置于句首时,习惯上将句子倒装,这样产生明显的强调作用。如:

Not only did he pass the exam, but also he got good marks.

4.表示方向性的副词,如down,up,in,out,away,off 等置于句首时,主谓要到装,这种结构使句子所描述的情景更为生动。如:

Away went the car like a whirlwind.

三、重复法

即重复所要强调的词。如:

Years of hard work,little food,only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest.

四、增词法

即通过增添新词来进行强调。

1.强调动词的词

a. do﹙does, did﹚加强肯定句中一般现在时和一般过去时的语义,与动词原形连用。如:

She does sing best in our class.

b. more than+动词,意为“何止”,表示强调。如:

This more than satisfied me.

2.强调名词的词

名词前加 very 表示强调。该词前应带有the,this,that或物主代词。如:

You are the very man Im looking for.

3.强调形容词的词

a.形容词比较级前加still, even, much, far,a good/great deal,最高级前加by far表强调。如:

The pacific is by far the largest ocean.

b. ever 用于比较级﹢than这一结构后面,表加强语气。如:

It is raining harder than ever.

c. the more…the more常用来强调比较级。如:

The harder you work, the more progress youll make.

4.强调句子的词和短语

a. 把on earth, in the world, ever,under the sun等用于疑问句中,作“究竟”,“到底”讲,用于否定句意为“全然”,“一点也不”。 如:

What on earth are you doing?

b. at all 表加强语气,一般用于否定句、条件句或有否定意思的肯定句。如:

Im not at all satisfied with his report.

c.用not to mention,not to speak of,say nothing of等加强句子语气。如:

He understands French,not to speak of English.

五、双重否定法

双重否定表示强烈的肯定。

如:Man cant live without water.

六、书面语中可用大写、斜体、黑体字和破折号表示强调

如:Soon everyone was nodding and saying,“But HE HAS NOTHING ON!”

It is sold. I tell you—sold and gone.

七、使用动词进行时表示强调

高频度副词always, constantly等与进行时连用加强语气,表示赞美、反对、抱怨等各种情绪。如:

Mike, you are always making the same mistake.

八、用as well as 强调前面的词

如:He got a new car as well as some books.