“书面表达”典型错误剖析

滕兆山

笔者对所教两个班的110个学生的一篇“书面表达”题中出现的错误进行了分析。“书面表达”的内容是手机短信的好处和坏处。结果发现学生出错的主要原因是受汉语习惯的影响。这些错误可归为以下几类。

1. 漏掉“be”动词。例如：

他们赞成这个主意。

误： They in favour of the idea.

正： They are in favour of the idea.

他们反对这个主意。

误： They against the idea.

正： They are against the idea.

短信对他们有益。

误： Short messges good for them.

正： Short messages are good for them.

2. 误加助动词。例如：

如果短信不能被控制的话，他们将会影响节目的质量。

误： If short messages will can't be controlled， they will affect the quality of the TV programs.

正： If short messages can't be controlled， they will affect the quality of the TV programs.

3. 动词原形充当主语。例如：

他们都认为发短信很贵。

误： They all think that send short messages is expensive.

正： They all think that sending short messages is expensive.

4. 缺少主语。例如：

他们如此沉溺于发短信以致于在上面花费了很多的时间。

误： They are so addicted to sending short messages that spend too much time on it.

正： They are so addicted to sending short messages that they spend too much time on it.

有很多人不同意这个观点。

误： There are many people don't agree to this idea.

正： There are many people who don't agree to this idea.

5. 谓语动词形式变化的错误。例如：

它常常迎合了年青人的需要。

误： It often cater to the need of the young people.

正： It often caters to the need of the young people.

6. “be”动词和实义动词叠加

他们同意这个观点

误： They are agree to the idea.

正： They agree to the idea.

出现第6类错误的原因在于同学们在初中英语起始阶段接触到大量含有“be”的句子，如： I am a student. You are good. He is a cowboy. They are in the garden. 受此影响，部分学生觉得似乎每个英语句子都得有一个“be”动词。

7. 相同表达法叠加

他们将沉迷于此。

误： They will lost themselves in it.

正： They will lose themselves in it. /They will be lost in it.

本句的错误在于学生把“沉迷”的两种表达方式“lose oneself in”和“be lost in”混在一起使用。

为避免上述错误的发生，我们必须记准常用句式和固定短语，同时也要熟悉基本的英语语法。