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中考英语名词考点透视

2008-12-01赵修江

中学英语园地·教学指导版 2008年11期
关键词:复数用法解析

赵修江

近年来,各地中考对名词的考查侧重于可数名词的数、不可数名词的数量概念、名词所有格的用法、同义易混名词的辨别等方面。下面作一简述。

一、 考查可数名词的单数与复数

1. (2008湖北省) They are from_______ . They're_______ .

A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; Germany

C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen

【解析】 Germany意为“德国”; German意为“德国人”,其复数形式为Germans。 整个句意为“他们来自德国,都是德国人”。由此我们可知,正确答案应为A。

2. (2008太原市) My mother will go shopping to buy some_______ .

A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes

【解析】 以⁃o结尾的名词构成复数时,多数在词尾加⁃s, 少数在词尾加⁃es。 如: photo→photos, zoo→zoos; 而potato→potatoes; tomato→tomatoes; hero→heroes, 故正确答案为C。

二、 考查不可数名词的数量概念

3. (2008宁夏回族自治区) There is a lot of_______in the box.

A. cake B. bags of cakes

C. milk D. bags of milk

4. (2008临沂市) My English teacher always has_______to tell us.

A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news

C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news

【解析】 许多不可数名词表示的事物不可简直地赋予其“数”,但可赋予其“量”的多少,如: bread, money, news等。不可数名词无复数形式,但在其前可加some, any, much, a lot of, a piece of ..., two cups of ...,即可表示其“量”的多少,故例3和例4的正确答案分别为C和B。

三、 考查名词所有格的用法

5. (2008汕头市)_______mothers both work in the same hospital.

A. Tim and Peter's B Tim's and Peter

C. Tim's and Peter's D. Tim and Peter

6. (2008重庆市) —Where is your father?

—At_______ .

A. Mr Brown's B. Mr Brown

C. the Brown's

【解析】 一般来说,在名词词尾加上“'s”构成其所有格。如果名词是以s结尾的复数形式,则在“⁃s”后面加上上角逗号“'”即可构成其所有格;如果名词的复数形式不是以“⁃s”结尾,变所有格时应该在该词词尾加“'s”。 表示两人或多人共有的人或物时,应该在最后一个名词词尾加“'s”构成所有格;如果在表述两人或两人以上各自拥有的人或物时,则应该在各个名词词尾分别加“'s”。 在表示店铺、某人的家时,名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。如: at the doctor's = at the doctor's office(在诊所)。故例5和例6的正确答案分别为C和A。

四、 根据基本常识考查名词的用法

7. (2008山东省) —Do you like to listen to “Mozart”?

—Yes. Listening to_______is my favorite.

A. songs B. music C. stories D. news

8. (2008烟台市) There are few_______in the fridge. Let's go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.

A. vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs

【解析】 应对此类题目时应从基本生活常识来判断出答案。我们知道,例7中的“Mozart”是著名的作曲家,因此答句的句意为“听音乐是我最喜欢的”,故正确答案为B; 在例8中, some peas, carrots and cabbages均属vegetables(蔬菜), 故正确答案为A。

五、 对同义易混名词的考查

9. (2008湖北省) Let the children go away. They're making too much

_______ here.

A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds

【解析】 noise表示各种“噪音”或“吵闹、噪杂声”,既是可数名词,又是不可数名词。如: some strange noises(可数名词)。 voice指人说话或唱歌的“声音”,也可指“鸟鸣声、乐器声”等悦耳之声; sound泛指人们用耳朵能听到的自然界的各种“声音”。根据句意“让孩子们离开,他们正在发出太多的噪音”,我们知道,正确答案应为A。

10. (2008海南省) She has been in Hainan for ten years. Hainan has become her second_______ .

A. family B. house C. home D. room

【解析】 family意为“家庭”,强调家庭成员,用作主语时,谓语动词可根据句意用单数形式或复数形式; house意为“房屋、住宅、家”,强调家人居住的建筑物; home意为“家”、“住所”,指一个人出生或居住的地方; room指人居住的“房间”。根据题意“她在海南已经10年了,海南已经成为她的第二故乡”我们可知,正确答案应为C。

【巩固练习】

1. In China, September 10 is_______ .

A. Teacher Day B. Teachers Day

C. Teacher's Day D. Teachers' Day

2. Would you please pass me_______ ? I want to write a letter.

A. a paper B. a piece of paper

C. two paper D. two piece of paper

3. Mr Smith gave me_______on how to study English.

A. some advice B. some advices

C. some piece of advice D. some piece of advices

4. Look, the_______are fat, but the_______are thin.

A. sheep; goat B. sheeps; goats

C. sheeps; goat D. sheep; goats

5. Mary has a beautiful_______ . Listen! She is singing very well.

A. look B. sound

C. voice D. noise

6. —Excuse me. Is the supermarket far from here?

—No. It's about a_______ .

A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk

C. 7 minutes' walk D. 7 minute's walk

7. The city_______are full of_______ .

A. street; traffic B. streets; traffics

C. streets; traffic D. street; traffics

8. —I'd like to have something to read.

—OK. Here're some_______ .

A. CDs B. pencils

C. problems D. books

9. This is a photo of his_______ . Is she beautiful?

A. girlfriend B. girlfriend's

C. girl's friend D. girlsfriend

10. I've just been to_______ . I've got a bad cold.

A. the doctor B. the doctor's

C. the doctors D. doctor's

Key: 1-5 DBADC6-10 CCDAB

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