中考英语名词考点透视
2008-12-01赵修江
赵修江
近年来,各地中考对名词的考查侧重于可数名词的数、不可数名词的数量概念、名词所有格的用法、同义易混名词的辨别等方面。下面作一简述。
一、 考查可数名词的单数与复数
1. (2008湖北省) They are from_______ . They're_______ .
A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; Germany
C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen
【解析】 Germany意为“德国”; German意为“德国人”,其复数形式为Germans。 整个句意为“他们来自德国,都是德国人”。由此我们可知,正确答案应为A。
2. (2008太原市) My mother will go shopping to buy some_______ .
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
【解析】 以⁃o结尾的名词构成复数时,多数在词尾加⁃s, 少数在词尾加⁃es。 如: photo→photos, zoo→zoos; 而potato→potatoes; tomato→tomatoes; hero→heroes, 故正确答案为C。
二、 考查不可数名词的数量概念
3. (2008宁夏回族自治区) There is a lot of_______in the box.
A. cake B. bags of cakes
C. milk D. bags of milk
4. (2008临沂市) My English teacher always has_______to tell us.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
【解析】 许多不可数名词表示的事物不可简直地赋予其“数”,但可赋予其“量”的多少,如: bread, money, news等。不可数名词无复数形式,但在其前可加some, any, much, a lot of, a piece of ..., two cups of ...,即可表示其“量”的多少,故例3和例4的正确答案分别为C和B。
三、 考查名词所有格的用法
5. (2008汕头市)_______mothers both work in the same hospital.
A. Tim and Peter's B Tim's and Peter
C. Tim's and Peter's D. Tim and Peter
6. (2008重庆市) —Where is your father?
—At_______ .
A. Mr Brown's B. Mr Brown
C. the Brown's
【解析】 一般来说,在名词词尾加上“'s”构成其所有格。如果名词是以s结尾的复数形式,则在“⁃s”后面加上上角逗号“'”即可构成其所有格;如果名词的复数形式不是以“⁃s”结尾,变所有格时应该在该词词尾加“'s”。 表示两人或多人共有的人或物时,应该在最后一个名词词尾加“'s”构成所有格;如果在表述两人或两人以上各自拥有的人或物时,则应该在各个名词词尾分别加“'s”。 在表示店铺、某人的家时,名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。如: at the doctor's = at the doctor's office(在诊所)。故例5和例6的正确答案分别为C和A。
四、 根据基本常识考查名词的用法
7. (2008山东省) —Do you like to listen to “Mozart”?
—Yes. Listening to_______is my favorite.
A. songs B. music C. stories D. news
8. (2008烟台市) There are few_______in the fridge. Let's go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
A. vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs
【解析】 应对此类题目时应从基本生活常识来判断出答案。我们知道,例7中的“Mozart”是著名的作曲家,因此答句的句意为“听音乐是我最喜欢的”,故正确答案为B; 在例8中, some peas, carrots and cabbages均属vegetables(蔬菜), 故正确答案为A。
五、 对同义易混名词的考查
9. (2008湖北省) Let the children go away. They're making too much
_______ here.
A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds
【解析】 noise表示各种“噪音”或“吵闹、噪杂声”,既是可数名词,又是不可数名词。如: some strange noises(可数名词)。 voice指人说话或唱歌的“声音”,也可指“鸟鸣声、乐器声”等悦耳之声; sound泛指人们用耳朵能听到的自然界的各种“声音”。根据句意“让孩子们离开,他们正在发出太多的噪音”,我们知道,正确答案应为A。
10. (2008海南省) She has been in Hainan for ten years. Hainan has become her second_______ .
A. family B. house C. home D. room
【解析】 family意为“家庭”,强调家庭成员,用作主语时,谓语动词可根据句意用单数形式或复数形式; house意为“房屋、住宅、家”,强调家人居住的建筑物; home意为“家”、“住所”,指一个人出生或居住的地方; room指人居住的“房间”。根据题意“她在海南已经10年了,海南已经成为她的第二故乡”我们可知,正确答案应为C。
【巩固练习】
1. In China, September 10 is_______ .
A. Teacher Day B. Teachers Day
C. Teacher's Day D. Teachers' Day
2. Would you please pass me_______ ? I want to write a letter.
A. a paper B. a piece of paper
C. two paper D. two piece of paper
3. Mr Smith gave me_______on how to study English.
A. some advice B. some advices
C. some piece of advice D. some piece of advices
4. Look, the_______are fat, but the_______are thin.
A. sheep; goat B. sheeps; goats
C. sheeps; goat D. sheep; goats
5. Mary has a beautiful_______ . Listen! She is singing very well.
A. look B. sound
C. voice D. noise
6. —Excuse me. Is the supermarket far from here?
—No. It's about a_______ .
A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk
C. 7 minutes' walk D. 7 minute's walk
7. The city_______are full of_______ .
A. street; traffic B. streets; traffics
C. streets; traffic D. street; traffics
8. —I'd like to have something to read.
—OK. Here're some_______ .
A. CDs B. pencils
C. problems D. books
9. This is a photo of his_______ . Is she beautiful?
A. girlfriend B. girlfriend's
C. girl's friend D. girlsfriend
10. I've just been to_______ . I've got a bad cold.
A. the doctor B. the doctor's
C. the doctors D. doctor's
Key: 1-5 DBADC6-10 CCDAB