可数、不可数名词“对抗赛”
2008-11-21
英语中的名词有可数名词与不可数名词之分,他们俩常常为自己在同学们心目中的地位发生争执,为此,我们今天特意举行一场“对抗赛”,让它们一争高低,精彩可不容错过!
[对抗一]身份之争
一个名词分成两半时还叫原名,该名词就是不可数名词,如yogurt分成两半还叫yogurt;否则为可数名词,如cup分成两半,就不能再叫茶杯,故为可数名词。但是有的名词既可为可数名词,也可为不可数名词,如orange。
[对抗二]与冠词的关系
不可数名词没有复数形式,不能使用不定冠词和数词直接修饰,如不能说a tea, two breads;可数名词与不定冠词连用,有复数形式,可以说a book, two books。表特指时两者都可用定冠词the修饰。例如:
Give me the pen. 把那支钢笔给我。
The tea on the table is mine. 桌子上的茶是我的。
[对抗三]修饰语的异同
可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等修饰,不可数名词可以用much, a little等修饰。如many boys, much milk, a little bread。这两类名词都可以被some, any, a lot of (lots of)等修饰。
[对抗四]如何表示确切的数量
可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如three apples, ten bananas等;不可数名词要表示确切数量时,用“数量词+of+不可数名词”结构,若表示复数,只把of前的数量词变为复数。如a cup of tea, three bottles of sauce。可数名词要表示确切数量,也可以用“数量词+of+可数名词”结构,但注意前后两个名词都用复数形式。如two boxes of apples。
[对抗五]作主语时谓语的表现
可数名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式要看主语的脸色行事,单则单,复则复。例如:
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
There are five boats on the river. 河里有五艘船。
不可数名词作主语,谓语动词只能用单数形式;当不可数名词前表示数量的名词是复数时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。例如:
There is some bread on the plate. 那个盘子里有些面包。
There are five cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有五杯茶。
[对抗六]与“多少”的缘分
可数名词天生就与how many有缘,而且how many身后只跟名词的复数。例如:
How many books do you have? 你有多少本书?
对不可数名词前的修饰语提问,要视具体情况而定。若对不可数名词前的全部修饰语提问,疑问词用how much。例如:
I want two cups of tea.→How much tea do you want?
若对不可数名词前表示数量的名词提问,疑问词用how many。例如:
They want two cups of tea.→How many cups of tea do they want?
[巩固练习]
用名词的适当形式填空。
1. The cat caught two ____(mouse) last night.
2. Jack went to have two ____(tooth) pulled out yesterday afternoon.
3. There is some ____(rice) in the bag.
4. There are two new ____(shelf) in my room.
5. The ____(German) are going to fly to Beijing for their holiday.
6. All these ____(thief) have been caught.
7. The P.E. teacher gave me some ____(advice) on how to play
soccer well.
8. Kate cant walk now because she hurt her ____(foot) yesterday.
9. They built many ____(building) on Shanghai.
10. In the earthquake, lots of people lost their ____(life) in Sichuan.
Key:1.mice 2.teeth 3.rice 4.shelves 5.Germans 6.thieves 7.advice 8.feet 9.buildings 10.lives