新目标七年级（上）Ｕｎｉｔｓ１—６重点语法归纳

姜经志

一、动词be三兄弟，用法要分清。

be 是原形，摇身一变成 am, is, are。下面隆重推出一则口诀，帮你熟记动词be的构成及用法：

我（I）用am, 你(you)用are,

is连着他(he), 她(she), 它(it)。

单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。

变否定，很容易，be后not加上去。

变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。

还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。

[练习]用am, is或are填空。

1. What color ____ Jims shoes?

2. She and I ____ good friends.

3. There ____ a pen and two pencils in the pencil case.

4. I ____ in Class Two. Lily ____ in Class Four.

5. You ____ a teacher, arent you?

6. My father ____ a teacher of English.

7. ——Are you Li Ming? ——Yes, I ____.

8. Two and three ____ five.

9. ——Hi!Tom.

——Hi!Mike. This ____ my brother, George.

10. ——What ____ your name?

——My name ____ Zhao Jun.

[Key: 1.are 2.are 3.is 4.am, is 5.are 6.is 7.am 8.is 9.is 10.is, is]

二、怎样排列“你、我、他”？

人称代词不一般，主宾分清记心间。

宾格常置动介后，主格常放谓语前。

单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三。

认错道歉谁在前，责无旁贷“我（I）”领先。

单数男女同时到，男士反而放在前。

[练习]选择填空。

1. ____ are at school today.

A. I and she B. She and me C. I and her D. She and I

2. ____ are in the same row.

A. You, he and I B. He, you and I

C. I, you and He D. You, I and he

3. Can you see ____?

A. he and she B. him and her C. her and I D. she and me

[Key: 1.D 2.A 3.B]

三、走进冠词小家庭

说冠词家庭小不是没有道理的。你瞧：一个a, 一个an, 一个the。哈哈，没有了。它分为不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词(the)两种。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如：a key(一把钥匙), a jacket(一件夹克衫)，a quilt(一床被子)等；an用在以元音音素开头的名词前，如：an English book(一本英语书)，an orange(一个橘子)等。定冠词the常用来特指某个或某些人或事物。例如： The key is yellow. 这把钥匙是黄色的。当名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your等时不用冠词。例如：this ruler (这把尺子)；在习惯用语前也不用冠词，如:in English（用英语）等。

[练习]用a, an或the填空，不填处填写/。

1. This is ____ baseball.

2. That is ____ egg.

3. Where is ____ teacher?

4. Mr Green is ____ old doctor.

5. What color is Peters ____ sweater?

6. We are in ____ Class One.

7. ____ sock is black.

8. I can see ____ “U”, ____ “R” and ____ “8” on the wall.

9. ——Do you like playing ____ football?

——Yes. Look! I have ____ football here.

10. Can you see ____ apple on the table?

11. Lucy and Lily are ____ sisters.

12. Look at ____ picture. Whos ____ man?

13. Do you have ____ e-mail address?

14. After ____ lunch, I have a rest.

15. What ____ funny time to eat breakfast!

[Key:1.a 2.an 3.the 4.an 5./ 6./ 7.The 8.a, an, an 9./, a 10.an 11./ 12.the, the 13.an 14./ 15.a]

四、物主代词了不起，保卫名词真神气。

形容词性物主代词有：my(我的)，your(你的，你们的)，our（我们的），his(他的)，her(她的)，its(它的)，their(他们的)。使用形容词性物主代词应注意以下几点：

1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，后面必须跟名词。

2. 如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词，就不能再用冠词(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, those)等修饰词了。

3. 与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。例如：their Chinese friends他们的中国朋友。

[改错]下列英语译文均有一处错误，请改正。

1.那是你的自行车吗？Is that your a bike?

2.那些是我们的书。Those are our the books.

3.这是他的苹果。This is his an apple.

4.你的书在课桌上。Your those books are on the desk.

[Key: 1.去掉a 2.去掉the 3.去掉an 4.去掉those]

五、方位介词不复杂，on, in, under有区别

在物体上面用on, 在物体里面用in, 在物体下面用under。例如：

The books are on the sofa. 书在沙发上。

What can you see in the picture? 在图画里你能看到什么？

Please put your bike under the tree. 请把你的自行车放在树下。

[练习]根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。

1. 你的鞋在地板上。

Your shoes are ____ the floor.

2. 你的双肩背包里有什么？

Whats ____ your backpack?

3. 那些足球在床下面。

The footballs are ____ the bed.

[Key:1.on 2.in 3.under]

六、take, bring要分清，拿走带来不能混。

take表示从说话人这里拿到别处，意思是“带走”；bring表示从别处拿到说话人这里，意思是“带来”。例如：

Im thirsty. Please bring me a cup of tea. 我渴了，请给我拿杯茶来。

I want to take some books to the classroom.

我想带几本书到教室里去。

[练习]用bring或take填空。

1. May I ____ this book home?

2. Next time you come, ____ your daughter.

3. Dont forget to ____ your homework tomorrow.

[Key: 1.take 2.bring 3.bring]

七、助动词do很活跃，否定疑问乐参加。

助动词do无实义，单三does有变化，

否定形式dont和doesnt, 后接动词原形勿忘记。例如：

Do you do your homework every day? 你每天都做家庭作业吗？

He doesnt play football on Monday. 他星期一不踢足球。

[练习] 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。

1. 你喜欢这本书吗？

____ you like this book?

2. 她晚上看电视吗?

____ she watch TV in the evening?

3. 凯特不喜欢足球。

Kate ____ ____ football.

4. 他们什么时间吃午饭？

What time ____ they have lunch?

5. 你父亲七点去上班吗？

____ your father ____ to work at seven oclock?

[Key:1.Do 2.Does 3.doesnt like 4.do 5.Does, go]

八、名词单数变复数，千万别弄错。

名词单数变复数，一般加-s没有错。

词尾若是s, x, ch, sh, 直接加上-es。

词尾若是f/fe，加-s之前要变-ve。

“辅音字母+y”来结尾，变y为i有道理。

再加-es没问题。词尾字母若是o，

加-es有tomato和potato。

[练习]

一、写出下列名词的复数形式。

1. address____ 2. photo____ 3. apple____

4. watch____ 5. boy____ 6. class____

7. day____ 8. bus____ 9. banana____

10. city____ 11. birthday____ 12. key____

13. party____ 14. dictionary____ 15. man____

16. family____ 17. policeman____ 18. child____

19. tomato____ 20. wish____ 21. Chinese____

22. girl friend____ 23. sweater____ 24. shoe____

25. pencil case ____

二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. I have some ____(pencil-box).

2. How many ____(people) are there in your family?

3. There are twenty ____(class) in our school.

4. Where are the two ____(man) ____(worker)?

5. There are thirty-two ____(boy) ____(student) in our class.

6. Whose ____(box) are those?

7. Tomorrow is ____(teacher) Day.

8. She has three ____(knife).

9. There are two ____(ring). They are my mothers.

10. Are there any ____(apple tree) on the hill?

三、选择填空。

1. Are there any ____ in the room?

A. childs B. chairs C. bus D. apples trees

2. There are forty ____ and nine hundred ____ in our school.

A. woman teachers; girl student

B. women teachers; girls students

C. women teachers; girl students

D. women teachers; girls student

3. Is that an ____ car?

A. Chinese B. Japanese C. English D. Beijing

4. Mrs. Greens coat is ____.

A. orange B. an orange C. the orange D. oranges

5. Is your English teacher ____?

A. a man, a woman B. men or women

C. a man or a woman D. men and women

6. Where are the ____?

A. boys B. boy C. boies D. boyes

7. There are two ____ in the city.

A. cars factory B. car factories

C. cars factories D. cars factories

8. She was born(出生) in Wuhan, but Zhengzhou has become(成为) her second ____.

A. house B. family C. home D. place

Key(5)