历届高考对ｉｔ的考查

王永琴

在近几年的高考试题中，对it的考查成了一个不可忽略的考点，它主要涵盖了以下几个方面：

一、指代上文提到的事或物,作主语或宾语。

1. ——Have you heard the latest news? (2007全国卷Ⅰ)

——No, what ____?

A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those

答案为A。指代上文中的news。news为不可数名词，不能被they，those等代词所指代。

2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ____ didnt help. (2005全国卷Ⅲ)

A. it B. she C. which D. he

答案为A。but是并列连词,所以逗号前后的两个句子是并列的,后一个分句的主语是it,指代前面的分句The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday.

二、it指代环境、情况、天气、季节、时间、距离、价格等。

Come and see me whenever ____.(2003北京)

A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient

C. it is convenient to you

D. it will be convenient to you

答案为C。be convenient to sb.对某人来说方便。不用人作主语，往往用it。

三、it作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

1. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?(MET1989)

A. this B. that C. it D. he

答案为C。it作形式主语,真正的主语是不定式 to complete the design before National Day。

2. ____ is our belief that

improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (06浙江)

A. As B. That C. This D. It

答案为D。 It作形式主语,真正的主语是that从句。构成It is/was+名词+主语从句。

3. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other

people the password of your

e-mail account. (05上海)

A. What is required B. What requires

C. It is required D. It requires

答案为C。 It作形式主语,真正的主语是that从句。构成It is/was+及物动词的过去分词+主语从句。如果选A，应为What is required in the regulations is that…。

4. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use ____ with him.(06上海)

A. to argue

B. arguing

C. argued

D. having argued

答案为B。It作形式主语,真正的主语是动名词arguing with him。

四、it作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

1. As the busiest woman in

Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (06湖南)

A. this B. that C. one D. it

答案为D。her duty 是名词作宾补，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town。

2. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(07天津)

A. this B. that

C. it D. these

答案为C。clear是形容词作宾补，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是when and where the meeting would be held。

五、it指代人，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。

Someone is ringing the door bell. Go and see ____.

(2000上海)

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

答案为D。指代身份不明的按门铃的人。

六、it表强调，其结构为“it is/was+强调部分+that+句子的其余部分”(强调部分通常是主语、状语、宾语)。

1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.

(05天津)

A. that B. what C. which D. this

答案为A。强调主语从句what you do rather than what you say。

2. It wasnt until nearly a month later ____ I received the

managers reply. (05全国I)

A. since B. when C. as D. that

答案为D。强调时间状语not until nearly a month later。

3. It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (03沪春)

A. so B. so that

C. why D. that

答案为D。强调原因状语because of bad weather。

4. Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?(1997上海)

A. it you

B. not you

C. you

D. that yourself

答案为A。强调结构的一般疑问句,强调宾语you。

5. ——____ that he managed to get the information?

(05山东卷)

——Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it

答案为C。 强调结构的特殊疑问句，强调特殊疑问词How(表方式)。

七、it用在不能直接跟从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词，例如：enjoy, like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, rely on等后，即这些动词后面的从句前要加it。例如：

You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.

你放心好了，他会来接你的。

Please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out.

出门时务必带够钱。

1. Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(06山东)

A. that B. it C. this D. you

答案为B。

2. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004全国卷Ⅱ)

A. this B. that C. it D. one

答案为C。

3. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.

(NMET 1998)

A. it B. that C. these D. them

答案为A。

八、it用在有些带有it的固定搭配中，例如： mean it(说话算数), get it(理解，明白), put it(说，表达), make it(办成功，把某事定在某时), help it等。例如：

As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.像某人所说的那样， 熟能生巧。

I cant help it.=It cant be helped. 我无能为力。

If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.

(06全国卷Ⅰ)

A. so B. that C. it D. them

答案为C。

九、考查it, one, ones, that, those的区别：

it指代前面所提到的同名同物，相当于the+名词。one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an+单数名词。ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念。that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the+单数/不可数名词，其后常有后置定语。those用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，其后常有后置定语。

1. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?

——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.(07陕西)

A. it; one B. one; one

C. one; it D. it; it

答案为A。第一空指图书馆仅剩的那本，故用it。第二空指到书店去买一本，是泛指概念，故用one。

2. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ____ in the city.(05江苏)

A. ones B. one C. that D. those

答案为C。指代不可数名词the air。

3. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ____ from some wood we had. (04全国卷一)

A. it B. one C. himself D. another

答案为B。指代a new cupboard。

4. Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more

serious ____ than mobile phones do.(05江西)

A. one B. ones

C. it D. those

答案为B。指代health problems。one表单数(泛指)；it表单数(特指)；those前不用修饰成分。

5. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforget- table moment, ____ I will al- ways treasure. (02全国)

A. that B. one C. it D. what

答案为B。指代a moment。