Ｕｎｉｔｓ１８－２０词语辨析

王　芳

1. be similar to, be similar in

be similar to意为“与……相似”；be similar in意为“在哪方面相似”。

a. Your views on education ____ mine.

b. Our cars ____ only ____ color.

c. We have similar opinions. My opinions ____ hers.

答案：a. are similar to b. are similar…in c. are similar to。

2. allow, allow for

allow意为“允许，容许”，常用于allow doing sth. (允许做某事)和allow sb. to do sth.结构中。allow还有“给予(时间、金钱)；同意给予”的意思，后接双宾语。allow for意为“顾及，考虑到”。

a. You cant make it in an hour; you must ____ the heavy traffic.

b. We dont ____ making noise here, so you must keep quiet.

c. This journey usually takes 3 weeks, but you should ____ delays caused by bad weather.

d. The nurse ____ him to stay in hospital for another two days.

e. He ____ his wife $200 a month for clothes.

答案：a. allow for b. allow c. allow for d. allowed e. allowed

3. be tired of, be tired with/from

be tired of意为“对……感到讨厌，厌倦”；be tired with/from意为“因……而疲乏”。

a. John ____ the city life.

b. I ____ boiled eggs.

c. He ____ hard work.

答案：a. has been tired of b. am tired of c. is tired from/with。

4. refuse, reject

refuse和reject都有“拒绝”的意思，两者都是指某种原因一直不能接受或不肯做而“拒绝”。refuse后可接名词或动词不定式作宾语，而reject后只能接名词作宾语。另外，还有“抛弃，丢掉”的意思。

a. It was hard for me ____ my beliefs.

b. He ____ the invitation from Tom.

c. He ____ to believe what I said.

d. She ____ my suggestion.

答案：a. to reject b. refused c. refused d. rejected。

5. break away from, break down, break into, break off, break up

break away from意为“摆脱；脱离”；break down意为“(指机器等)出毛病；坏掉”；break into意为“破门而入；强行进入”；break off意为“中断说话；折断；断绝”；break up意为“破碎；瓦解；变弱；放寒(暑)假”。

a. He ____ under the strain.

b. He ____ relations with Alice.

c. Please dont ____ what we are saying.

d. The car ____ on the road.

e. Can you ____ your old habits?

f. His house ____ last night.

g. When do you ____?

答案：a. broke up b. broke off c. break off d. broke down e. break away from f. was broken into g. break up。

6. tiresome, tiring, tired

这三个词都是形容词。tiresome与tiring均可表示“使人疲劳的”、“令人讨厌的”，两者一般可互换。tired意为“(人)感到疲劳的”、“(人)感到厌烦的”。

a. It has been a ____ climb.

b. Are you ____?

c. The lecture lasted no less than four hours and everyone was ____.

d. This is a ____ argument.

答案：a. tiring b. tired c. tired d. tiresome/tiring。

7. be in love with, fall in love with

be in love with sb.意为“与某人恋爱、相爱、爱上”，表状态，但fall in love with sb.表动作，即因受强烈吸引而“一见钟情”，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

a. I ____ her at the first sight.

b. Tom ____ madly ____ Mary.

c. They ____ each other for 5 years.

答案：a. fell in love with b. is…in love with c. have been in love with。

8. sit与seat

sit为不及物动词，而seat是及物动词，常用于be seated和seat oneself两种形式。seat的过去分词seated在句中可作宾补或主补，seat还可作“容纳”解。seat还可作名词，意为“座位”，take/have a seat为“请坐下”；take ones seat为“在自己的座位上坐下”。

a. Please take your ____.

b. I found him ____ on the bench.

c. The cinema can ____ 1000 people.

d. The classroom has ____ for fifty.

e. He ____ himself near the side of the river.

f. Mary ____ at the desk.=Mary ____ at the desk.=Mary ____ herself at the desk.

答案：a. seat b. seated/sitting c. seat d. seats e. seated f. sat, was seated, seated。

9. after all, above all, first of all, in all

after all有两个含义：1)“要知道，别忘了”，用来引出听话的人似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由，通常位于句首；2)“虽然……，但毕竟……”，表示说话人意思的转折。表示这个意思时，after all一般位于句末。above all意为“首先，最重要的是”，强调重要性。first of all意为“首先”，强调顺序。in all意为“总共”。

a. There are ten teachers ____ in the office.

b. I know he hasnt finished, but ____, he is very busy.

c. He said he would not come in, but he came in ____.

d. ____ tell us your name.

e. Children need many things, but ____ they need love.

答案：a. in all b. after all c. after all d. First of all e. above all。

10. demand, request, require, order, ask

demand表示坚决要求，坚持要做某事。request意为“恳求，请求”，指通过正式手续提出的要求，口气和缓，态度礼貌。require表示按照法规、权利提出的要求或命令，指客观需要含缺此不可之意。order意为“命令，要求”，主要用于上级命令下级或医生嘱咐病人等。ask意为“要求”，感情色彩不浓，用于一般场合。

a. What you ____ is important.

b. The doctor ____ him to stay in bed for a couple of days.

c. The situation ____ that I should be there.

d. The workers are ____ better pay.

e. All I ____ of you was that you came early.

答案：a. ask b. ordered c. requires d. demanding e. requested。

11. worth, worthy

worth作“价值”解,其后通常跟名词(指用于钱数或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词)；作“值得”解,其后接动名词，其主动形式表达被动意义。“很值得”要用well修饰worth。worthy除作“值得”外还有“配得上、相称的”等意思。它既可作定语也可作表语。作表语时，后跟of接名词或动名词的被动式；worthy后还可接动词不定式的被动式。

a. The watch is ____ of being bought.=The watch is ____ to be bought.=The watch is ____ buying.

b. The place is ____ of a visit.

c. This picture is ____ at least 500 dollars.

d. This TV play is well ____ watching.

答案：a. worthy, worthy, worth b. worthy c. worth d. worth。

12. far, distant, remote

这组词都有“遥远”的意思。far用来表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远，还可用于引申意义的远；distant指时间、空间上的遥远，也可指亲属关系上的远房的，常用作比喻义；remote指时间或距离上是遥远的，也指在感情、兴趣等方面距离很大的，还指关系方面疏远的或淡薄的。

a. There was a palace in the ____ past.

b. He is a ____ uncle of mine.

c. My school is ____ from the town.

d. Some of your statements are rather ____ from the subject we are discussing.

e. My hometown is ____ from sea.

f. I long to travel to a ____ place.

g. We had a ____ view of Mt. Everest.

h. The moon is ____ from the earth.

答案：a. remote b. distant c. far d. remote e. remote f. farg. distant h. distant。

13. cloth, clothes, clothing

cloth指做衣服用的材料(布料、毛料、丝绸等)，是物质名词，不可数，没有复数形式。如指“具体用途的布”时是可数名词。clothes统指各种衣服，包括外套、西装、衬衣、裤子、裙、鞋、帽等，不指单件衣服。它既不能用作单数，也不能和表示具体数目的数词连用，作主语时谓语用复数。可说many (these, a few) clothes。clothing是衣服、服装的总称，为集合名词，只有单数形式，作主语时谓语用单数形式。一件衣服为an article/a piece of clothing。

a. All of her ____ were made by her mother.

b. One by one he took out the books and wiped them with a ____.

c. Our ____ protects us from the cold.

d. How much ____ does it take to make a coat for the child?

e. These ____ are new.

f. A coat is an article of ____.

答案：a. clothes b. cloth c. clothing d. cloth e. clothes f. clothing。

14. difference, distinction

difference意为“差异、差别”，可指事物本质上的差别或数量上的差额；也指在某一方面的差异，与介词in连用；还可指人与人之间的不同意见与不和。distinction意为“区别，界限”，指事物之间的界限；也指事物在本质上的区别；还指在某一方面、细节上的区别，与介词of连用；有时强调要在认真研究、观察后才能觉察。

a. They settled their ____.

b. He lacked ____ in the choice of friends.

c. They immediately detected the ____ in quality.

答案：a. differences b. distinction c. difference。

15. amount, number, quantity

amount意为“总数，总额”，通常用来修饰不可数名词或不必记数的事物，暗示不是一个一个事物的计算。number意为“数，数额”，用于具体的、可数的人或事物，强调部分或单个。quantity指事物的总数量，本身就有准确计量的意思，在科技文体中尤为多见，常与具体的可数名词连用，也可与物质名词连用，但很少用于人。The number of+可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数；numbers of和quantities of表示“大量的”的意思。

a. Without ____ there can be no quality.

b. The ____ of the students in our class is 55.

c. Youd better figure out the exact ____.

d. We doubled the ____ of the cars last year.

e. Any ____, great or small, will be appreciated.

f. Please count the ____ of people present.

g. There are ____ of people at the station.

答案：a. quantity b. number c. amount d. quantity e. amountf. number g. numbers/quantities。

16. be familiar with, be familiar to

be familiar with意为“对……熟悉”，主语为表示人的名词或代词，with的宾语可以是人或物的名词或代词; be familiar to意为“为……所熟知”，主语为物，to的宾语为人。

a. His face ____ me.

b. I ____ his face.

c. The Bible is the book that ____ every Englishman.

d. These are the poems that every student ____.

答案：a. is familiar to b. am familiar with c. is familiar tod. is familiar with。