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新目标九年级Unit15疑难解析

2008-04-10

中学英语之友·下(综合版) 2008年3期
关键词:中作被动语态代词

谢 昊

1. Were trying to save the manatees!我们正在尽力拯救海牛。

(1)本句时态为现在进行时,表示现阶段正在做的事情。现在进行时有时所表示的动作并不一定在说话人说话的时刻进行,而是在包括说话时刻在内的一段时间当中正在进行。例如:

George is translating a book now. 乔治现在正翻译一本书。

(2)try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力去做某事”,指试图做某种很难的事,相当于try ones best to do sth.。例如:

He tried to work out the problem. 他努力地想解出难题。

Lets try to do the work well. 让我们尽力把工作做好。

(3)try doing sth.则表示“试着(用什么方法)去做某事”,即动作真的进行了或正在进行,成败得视结果而定。例如:

Lets try doing the exercise in another way.

让我们试一试用另外一种方法做这道练习题。

(4)try to do表示“设法或尽力去做某事”,实际上做与不做视情况而定;而try doing表示“试着做”。例如:

I tried sending her flowers but it didnt have any effect.

我试着给她送花,然而没什么结果。

由try构成的短语有:

try sth. on试穿 try doing sth.试着做某事

try to do sth.尽力做某事 try ones best尽某人最大努力

try ones hand at sth.初试身手 try out for sth.测试;试验

try for sth.试图获得某物 have a try试一试

try sb. for sth.审问; 审判某人

try ones luck at sth.碰碰运气,希望能成功

How nice the jacket is! Can I ____ it ____?

A. try; on B. try; out C. try; again

[解析]A try on意为“试穿”;try out意为“试验”;try again意为“再试一遍”。由上句“那件夹克真好看”可推知此处应为“试穿”,故选A。

2. the place where something lives 某物生活的地方

此处是由where引导的定语从句。where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。where修饰表示地点的名词(如place, factory等);关系副词相当于相应的“介词+关系代词”,如:where相当于in/at which。例如:

That is the house where(=in which) he lived ten years ago.

那是他10年前住过的房子。

The hospital where(=in which) her mother is working is in the western suburbs. 她母亲工作的那家医院位于西部的郊区。

3. Theyre about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1,000 pounds.

他们大概10英尺长,重约1000磅。

英语中表示事物的长、宽、高、深、远、重等的基本结构为“主语+谓语(be)+基数词+量词(metre, kilometre等)+形容词(long/wide/high)”,可作表语,也可作后置定语。例如:

The building is 100 metres high. 这座楼有100米高。

My room is five metres long and four metres wide.

我的房间有5米长,4米宽。

注意:

长、宽、高还可用复合形容词,即“数字+量词(单数)+long/wide/high…”表达,中间为连字符,常用作前置定语。例如:

This is a 20-metre-high building. 这是一座20米高的楼。

4. In 1972, it was discovered that they were endangered.

1972年,发现它们濒临灭绝了。

(1)句中的it为形式主语,代替that从句,that从句是句子的真正主语。it作形式主语时还常用于下列结构。例如:

Its said that there will be an exam soon. 据说,很快就要考试了。

It is known that the movie star has gone to Paris.

众所周知这位影星去巴黎了。

Its reported that the weather is getting worse. 据报道,天气会变糟。

It is said that there are several thousand languages in the world.

据说世界上有数千种语言。

(2)it代替名词性从句作形式主语,主要用于“It+be+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句”结构。例如:

It was a pity that the president couldnt come. 可惜校长没能来。

It is important that we should learn English well. 学好英语很重要。

it在被动结构中作形式主语的常用句型如下:

Its reported that…据报道…… Its believed that…大家相信……

Its thought that…大家认为…… Its said that…据说……

It is known that…众所周知……

It has been decided that…大家决定……

____ is said that ____ of visitors visit the Great Wall every year.

A. That; thousand B. It; thousands

C. This; thousands D. It; thousand

[解析]B It is said that…“据说”;thousands of“数以千计的”,故选B。句意为“据说每年有数以千计的游客来参观长城”。

(3)此句是含有被动语态的句子,且为一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为:“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。例如:

The house was built in 1967. 这房子是1967年建的。

The woman was saved at last. 这个女人最后得救了。

——Did you go to Jacks birthday party?

——No, I ____.

A. am not invited B. wasnt invited

C. havent invited D. didnt invite

[解析]B 问句用的是过去时,答句也应该用过去时,“没被邀请参加”应用被动语态wasnt invited,故B项正确。题意为“你去参加杰克的生日晚会了吗?”“没有,我没有被邀请。”

5. Ive visited a lot of zoos in my life, and I have never seen one I liked or one that was suitable for animals to live in. 我一生中参观了很多动物园,但从未看见一个我喜欢的或是适合动物生存的动物园。

(1)本句为并列复合句,由and连接的第二个分句中又包含了两个定语从句,即I liked为定语从句修饰第一个one, that was suitable for animals to live in为修饰第二个one的定语从句。在先行词one和定语从句I liked间省略了关系代词that,因为此时关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略;而第二个one与定语从句间的关系代词that却不能省略,因为此时that在定语从句中作主语,不可省去。例如:

What are some things that happen on soap operas?

连续剧里发生些什么事?

I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我指的是昨天买的那个。

(2)in ones life意为“在某人的一生中”,ones随主语的人称用相应的物主代词。例如:

Edison invented lots of things in his life.

爱迪生一生中发明了很多东西。

Everyone makes mistakes in his life. 一生中任何人都会犯错误。

6. The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all. 那些动物被养在很小的笼子里,几乎不能动。

(1)are kept是一般现在时的被动语态,由“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”构成。

(2)at all通常用于否定句中,即not…at all,意思是“一点儿也(不),丝毫不”,起加强否定语气的作用。例如:

I dont like apples at all. 我根本不喜欢吃苹果。

I can hardly hear you at all. 我几乎不能听见你的声音。

I dont agree with you at all. 我根本不同意你的观点。

(3)hardly意为“几乎没有,几乎不”,是表示否定意义的副词,相当于almost not。它的位置常在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,行为动词之前。例如:

He could hardly see anything. 他几乎什么也看不到。

She hardly ever calls me(=almost never). 她几乎从未给我来过电话。

The old man hardly hears anything now.

如今那位老人几乎听不到任何声音了。

hardly位于句首时,句子须借助助动词构成倒装语序。例如:

Hardly did he speak another word. 他几乎没有再说一句话。

hardly表示否定概念,不能再与其他否定词连用。用于反意疑问句时,附加问句须用肯定式。例如:

He hardly works, does he? 他几乎不工作,是吗?

Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, ____?

A. wasnt he B. was he C. didnt he D. did he

[解析]D hardly本身表示否定概念,故反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式,本句中had作实义动词,变问句时用助动词did,故选D。

7. I know. I stopped using them last year.

我知道,我去年就不再用它们(餐巾纸)了。

stop作为动词,意为“停止”,常用于下列结构中:stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”,stop doing sth.“停止做某事”;stop…(from)doing sth.表示“防止(或阻止)……做某事”,其中介词from可以省略。例如:

When the teacher came, I stopped talking.

老师进来时,我停止了讲话。

When Li Ming came, I stopped to talk with him.

李明来了,我停下来和他说话。

We must stop him (from) doing such a foolish thing.

我们必须阻止他,不让他做这样的蠢事。

She ought to stop ____; she has a headache because she ____ too long.

A. to work; was reading B. to work; has read

C. working; has read D. working; read

[解析]C stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”,stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事”。另外,read的动作是从过去一直持续到现在,故应用现在完成时。句意为“她应该停止工作,她头疼是因为她读的时间太长了”。

8. The windows and doors came from old buildings around the town that were being pulled down.

窗户和门来自城镇周围被拆毁的旧楼房。

(1)that were being pulled down是定语从句,修饰先行词old buildings。此定语从句是过去进行时的被动语态,其结构是“was/were+being+动词的过去分词”。强调“在以前旧楼房正在被拆除时”得到这些窗户和门。被动语态可以用于各种时态,较常用的有八种,如:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在进行时和过去进行时等等。例如:

My car has been repaired. 我的汽车已经修好了。(现在完成时)

This question is being discussed at the meeting.

这个问题正在会上讨论。(现在进行时)

When I called, tea was being served.

我来拜访时,正好在上茶。(过去进行时)

(2)pull down意为“拆除;推倒”。例如:

The old building is being pulled down. 那栋旧楼正在被拆除。

The cinema she used to visit has been pulled down.

她常去的那家电影院已经被拆除了。

9. At school, everyone calls him Mr Recycling.

在学校,大家都叫他“环保先生”。

(1)call作动词,意为“叫,称呼”,在这里用的是句式“call+宾语+名词”,名词作宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份或情况。常见的这样的动词有:call, name, make, elect(选举), think, find, consider(认为), leave, wish, keep等。例如:

They call me Xiao Li. 他们叫我小李。

What do you call this kind of plant? 这种植物你们叫什么?

They made him captain of the ship. 他们让他当了船长。

They called the baby Emma. 他们给婴儿取名埃玛。

(2)everyone作代词,其意义同everybody,意为“每人,人人”,不能用来指物。every one用作主语时,其后谓语动词采用单数形式。例如:

Is everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗?

(3)习惯上everyone不能用of短语作定语,但可用其他介词短语作定语。例如:

He knows everyone in our village. 他认识我们村里的每个人。

注意:

与everyone很容易混淆的词是every one, every one不仅可指人而且可指物,其后通常跟of短语作定语。例如:

Every one of us has the right to work. 我们每个人都有工作的权利。

10. Its not very suitable for this hot weather.

这样热的天气很不适合穿它。

weather是不可数名词,即使前面有bad, good, hot等形容词修饰,其前面也不能加不定冠词,但在习语in all weathers中则必须用其复数形式,意为“无论什么天气”,“不管怎样”。例如:

What bad weather (it is) for swimming!

对于游泳来说,这是多么恶劣的天气!

She goes out in all weathers. 无论什么天气她都出去。

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