“首字母短文填空”型完形填空点拨与操练

王小英

“首字母填词”是根据句意和已给的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。做好这类题，主要从以下几个方面入手。

1． 通读全句，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根据文意进行合理的判断，从而有可能突然产生“灵感”，将断层点的意义信息比较准确地反映出来。

2． 注意精读，反复琢磨。做这类题，有的可根据固定用法来判断，有的可通过上下文意思判断。遇到难词时，就抓住空词句及其前后的句子反复推敲、再三琢磨该词在句中的作用，由此判断出该词的意义。

3． 把握词义，填写准确。这里的“准确”应包括：1)符合要求。即所填单词必须以规定字母开头。2)符合意思。既符合整篇文章的基调，更符合所在句子的含义，不可出现意义断层，说东道西的情况。3)符合语法。意义相符了，单词选准了，还要注意所填单词是否要作词形变化：如名词是否要用复数形式，形容词是否要用比较级，动词是否要变时态等。

4． 复读全文，验证答案。看所填单词是不是最佳单词，拼写是否准确无误，词形是否要作必要的变化，短文是否前后连贯一致，情节发展是否合理，议论是否合乎逻辑等。

[实题分析] 根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，补全短文，使短文完整通顺。

George and his wife were looking around for a bigger house. The first place they saw was a bit f__1__ from their office. It would take much time to go to work. The second place was larger b__2__ didnt have a garden. Then they visited a t__3__and a fourth places. Both were too expensive. They n__4__lost hope.

Yesterday they f__5__ a less expensive house—a four-bedroomed house with a little lawn at the front. It was just what the children n__6__. But some of the roofs and walls were b__7__. George needed much money to r__8__the house.

So George asked his father to lend him some money. Georges father wasnt sure if his son would be a__9__to return the money. He thought for a while, then he said, “You grew up w__10__ a garden. I dont think its a must for the children to play in a garden.”

[试题解码]通读全文，可以了解到本文讲述的是George一家找一套大房子的选房过程。

1. 从后面句子中的take much time to go to work可知应填far，far from意为“远离”。

2. 该空前后两部分具有转折意义，应填一个转折连词，but既符合首字母要求，又表示转折意义，所以填but。

3. 从后面的a fourth可得出此处应填third。

4. George夫妇在看了四个地方后，都不满意，可知他们几乎失去了希望，所以应填nearly。

5. 从句意可知他们找到了一处较为便宜的房子，所以确定应填find，再根据全文的时态，得出应填found。

6. 从句意可知这块草地正是孩子们需要的，所以应填needed。

7. 此处所填的单词应该和后一句连起来看，此句的开头是一个but，可知房子虽好，但房顶和墙壁有问题。后一句说George需要很多钱。根据首字母可知是房子有破损，所以应填broken。

8. 房顶和墙壁有破损，自然是需要修补，所以应填repair。

9. 根据句意可知George的父亲是在犹豫George能否还了钱，be able to意为“能够做……”，所以应填able。

10. 根据上下文得出，父亲不想给George借钱，因此把George小时候没有在花园玩儿，也长大了作为借口，所以应填without。

[实践操练]

根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，补全短文，使短文完整通顺。

(A)

If you do not use your arms and legs for some time, they will become weak. When you start using them again, they slowly become s__1__ again. Everybody knows that but many people do not seem to know memories(记忆力) work in the s__2__ way.

When someone says that he has a g__3__ memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by u__4__ it. When some one says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough c__5__to become strong.

If a friend tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us may think his p__6__ should be blamed(被责备), and f__7__ of us know that it is his o__8__ fault(过失)rather than his parents. Have you ever found that some people cant read or write but usually they have b__9__ memories? This is because they cant read or write and they have to try to r__10__ things well. Their memories are always exercised.

So if you want to have a good memory, practice remembering things in a way as other people do.

(B)

School education is very important and useful. S__1__ can get a lot of knowledge(知识) at school. But no one can learn e__2__ from school. Great s__3__ such as Galileo and Einstein got a lot of knowledge out of school or in practice by themselves. A teacher cant teach his students everything even though(即使) hek__4__ a lot. His j__5__ is to show his students how to learn, how to read and how to think. A good teacher with rich experience in t__6__ can teach his students the ways of study. Through these ways the students are a__7__ to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.

Usually it is very e__8__ for the students to remember some rules, but it is very difficult to use those rules to s__9__ some problems. If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to u__10__ knowledge, they will get more by themselves.

(C)

“Im a singer and a volunteer worker from Shenzhen. I f__1__ happy to be helpful to others and to offer what I have to society,” Cong Fei said these words many t__2__. The popular singer died of stomach cancer in April 2006 at the a__3__ of 37.

Cong devoted himself to charity work. From the year 1994 on, he used all the money he made from commercial performances to help n__4__ 200 children in poor areas and p__5__ for their education.

Cong was found having stom ach cancer in May 2005. His health condition became even w__6__ last February. A month later, he could not take food. One day before his death, he asked doctor to s__7__ treatment. “Dont waste money on me a__8__. Please give the valuable medical resources to people in r__9__ need,” he said. According to his last wish, doctors collected his corneas(角膜) less than one hour a__10__ he died. Cong hoped to help those who have eyesight problems by doing this.

Key(3)