Ｕｎｉｔ　１５　Ｔｈｅ　ｎｅｃｋｌａｃｅ要点解读

2008-03-26任常有

中学生英语高中综合天地 2008年3期

关键词：钻石项链肯定句主句

任常有

一、词语例解

1. recognize

vt. 认出；辨认

He has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him. 他变化了这么多，以至于我几乎认不出他来。

I recognized her voice over the phone. 我在电话里听出是她的声音。

vt. 承认；认可；公认；后接名词或从句，亦可接“宾语 + to be ...”或“宾语 + as ...”结构。

He refused to recognize defeat. 他拒绝承认失败。

He didnt recognize that he had made a big mistake. 他不承认自己犯下了大错。

He is recognized to be one of the greatest poets in the 20th century. 他被公认为是20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。

【辨析】 know表示“认识某人”（know sb.）或“知道某事”（know sth.）；recognize 为短暂性动词，不能与延续的时间状语连用；如需表示长时期相识时，可用动词 know 取代 recognize。例如：

Jeanne had known Mathilde very well, but she couldnt recognize her when they met again.让娜原先和玛蒂尔德很熟悉。但当她们重逢时，让娜却认不出她了。

【搭配】 be recognized as ...被认为是……; recognize sth. / sb. as ... 把某物/某人看作

2. continue

vt. 继续，持续

We continued our journey，hoping to see him soon. 我们继续我们的行程，希望很快见到他。

continue后可接动词不定式或动名词作宾语，意思基本一样。

He continued working / to work as if nothing had happened. 他继续工作，仿佛什么都没发生。

He continued to write / writing when I spoke to him.他和我说话的时候他还继续写着。

vi. 继续，延伸

Their talk continued till late at night. 他们的谈话一直持续到深夜。

The road continues in a straight line for 5 miles. 这条路直线延伸5英里。

After a short break the play continued. 短暂休息后演出又继续开演了。

continue后可接“to be + adj.”，意为“继续处于某种状态”，此时to be可省略。

The weather continues to be cold and wet. 天气仍然又冷又湿。

I continued angry with Jack. 我仍生杰克的气。

【拓展】有时在一篇文章的最后有“to be continued”的字样，意思是“未完待续，文章全文还未完”，“待续”。

3. besides

adv. 此外；再者；而且。常置于两分句之间，表示两分句之间具有递进关系。例如：

She seemed to have no desire to go there; besides, her clothes were not good enough. 她似乎不想去那里，再者，她的衣服也不够好。

I dont like those shoes; besides, they are too expensive. 那双鞋我不喜欢，而且也太贵了。

I dont like those blue socks; what have you got besides?我不喜欢这些蓝色的袜子；除此之外，你们还有别的吗？

prep.除了；除……之外

Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。

Besides us，there were twelve people in the garden.除了我们之外，花园里还有12个人。

【辨析】比较besides与except的用法区别：

besides是包括后面所提到的人或物在内，可以理解为“除……之外，还……；除……之外，又……”，表示两部分都是肯定的。例如：

Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25个人都去了。)

We like biology besides English. 除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语我们都喜欢。）

except是指不包括后面所提的人或物在内，表示排除except后的人或物，它常与all, everybody, everyone, everything, every day等全肯定的词或none, nobody, nothing等全否定的词连用。例如：

Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外，每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动。）

4. worth

adj. 有……价值的；值得（做）的。常构成“be（well）worth ＋ n. / doing”

The house is worth a lot of money.这栋房子值很多钱。

Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 任何值得做的事就值得做好。

n. 价值；值一定金额的数量

This research project is of great worth. 这一研究项目很有价值。

He keeps in the safe $3 million worth of diamonds. 他在保险箱里放着价值三百万美元的钻石。

【联想】 worthy adj. 有价值的，值得……的，常构成搭配be worthy of sth.值得；配得上 be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done值得做

The cause is worthy of our continued support. 这一事业值得我们继续不断的支持。

worthwhileadj. 值得做的……；值得出力的，既可以做表语又可以作定语，常构成以下搭配：be worthwhile doing / be worthwhile to do

It is worthwhile discussing the question again. = It is worthwhile to discuss the question again.

二、短语精析

1. call on拜访；访问；号召；要求

Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk with him. 昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生，并同他进行了长时间的交谈。

I had planned to call on Mr. Smith, but I was too busy.我本打算去拜访史密斯先生，但我实在太忙了。

He called on me to speak immediately after him. 他要求我在他讲话后立即发言。

【辨析】 call at意为“pay a short visit to some places usu. sb.s house 访问（某处）”。例如：

He always calls at our house before he got married. 他结婚前经常到我们家来坐坐。

【联想】 call back召回；收回；回电话； call for 要求；需要；提倡；为争取……而呼吁call in 召来；召集；来访；call off 叫走，支开；放弃，取消 call up打电话；回忆起；应征入伍

2. bring back 带回来；使回忆起；使恢复

Please bring back my notebook from the classroom. 请帮我把笔记本从教室里带回来。

His story brought back our happy childhood together. 他讲的故事使我们联想到幸福的童年。

This new medicine brought me back to health quickly.这种新药使我很快恢复了健康。

【联想】 bring down使……下降，倒下，击落； bring up教育，教养（儿童），提出（议题，计划），打断； bring in 引进，赚钱， bring ... to an end结束；bring ... to life使…… 苏醒；bring ... to light发现，将…… 公之于世

3. after all毕竟；终究；到底

I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After all, she is fifteen; shes not a child any more. 我想我们应当让她独自去度假。她毕竟已经15岁了，不再是孩子了。

Its not surprising youre tired. After all, you were up until eleven last night! 难怪你感到疲倦。别忘了，你昨天晚上 11 点才睡觉呢。

after all还可表示“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预期的情况相反”，指说话人意思的转折，有“虽然……，但毕竟……”的含意。在表示这层意思时，after all一般放在句末。例如：

Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it wasnt a real one after all.玛蒂尔德原以为那是一条钻石项链，但那终归不是真的钻石项链。

Although they met with difficulties, I hear that theyve succeeded after all. 他们虽然碰到了困难，但我听说他们终究还是成功了。

4. come up with（针对问题等)想出；提供

He came up with good ideas for the product promotion. 他想出了推广产品的好方法。

He could not come up with a proper answer.他想不出一个合适的回答。

【联想】走过来；被提出；被讨论

A number of questions came up at the meeting.会议上提出了许多问题。

She came up and said, “Glad to meet you.”她走过来说,“很高兴见到你。”

三、句式点睛

1. ... but I dont think I know you. 但是，我想我不认识你。

But I dont think we can go. 但是，我想我们不能去。

注意：这两句话的英语表达方式与汉语不同。汉语主句中的动词“想”用肯定式，而宾语从句中的动词用否定式。英语则相反。一般来说，在英语中，假如主句动词是 think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine, feel等表示信念、揣测、愿望之类的动词，后接从句要表达否定，其否定形式应该前移到主句。

I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。

I dont suppose I shall be back until 8 oclock. 我想八点以前我回不来。

I dont think he will come. 我认为他不会来。

要特别注意的是，这种否定转移的句子，如果有附带疑问句，要针对宾语从句发问，而且要把宾语从句视为否定句，如最后一句要加附带疑问句，要说成I dont think he will come, will he?。

2. Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.我和皮埃尔在舞会上的确玩得很痛快。

（1）注意本句中的“Pierre and I”, 一般不说“I and Pierre”。英语中习惯把别人放在前面，而把自己放在后面，以示谦逊，如 he and I, my brother and I, Mr. White and I, 而汉语通常说“我和他”、“我和弟弟”、“我和怀特先生”。例如：

Mr. White and I were invited to the ball.我和怀特先生应邀参加了舞会。

My elder brother and I worked day and night to keep the family. 我和哥哥为了养家而日夜操劳。

但在承认错误的时候，英语往往是把 I 放在其他人的前面，以示勇于认错。例如：

I and Mr. White are to blame. 我和怀特先生都应当受责备。

I and my brother made the mistake. 我和兄弟犯了这个错误。

（2） Pierre and I did have a good time ... 中的 did 是助动词，用在肯定句中，起强调作用，带有感情色彩，可译成“真的”、“的确”等词语。其后的动词要用原形。又如：

You do look nice today. 你今天看来真是漂亮。

He does speak well. 他的确能言善道。

We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。

3. Years of hard work, very little food, only a small cold room to live in and never, never a moments rest. 数年辛劳，食不果腹，屈居寒舍，片刻也不得休息。

这是个单成分句，由四个名词词组组成。单成分句，其本身是一个相对完整的语言单位，不需要增补其它的句子成分。这句话可理解为：

We had ten years of hard work but we had little food to eat. We had only a small room to live in and we never had a moments rest.

不定式to live in在句中作定语，如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。例如：

The old lady has a very comfortable room to live in. 这个老妇人有一间舒服的房间居住。

I have no paper to write a letter on and no pen to write with. 我没有用来写信的纸和笔。

There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么好担心的。

4. And then I saw a lovely diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the centre.后来，我发现一条可爱的钻石项链，中间还有一颗蓝色石头。

with a big blue stone in the centre 是由 with+名词或代词+介词短语构成的复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰 necklace。例如：

The woman with a baby in her arms is Tang Lings sister. 那位抱着小孩的妇女是唐玲的姐姐。

with的复合结构为“with + 名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语”，with 复合结构还可作状语，表示伴随情况。例如：

The old man sat in an armchair with a newspaper in his hands.那位老人坐在扶手椅上，手里拿着一张报纸。

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back。凶手被带进来了，双手绑在背后。

四、语法细解

情态动词表推测的用法

1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。例如：

This must be good for you. 这肯定对你是有益的。

They left yesterday. They should be home by now. 他们昨天就离开了，现在该到家了。

It may snow later this afternoon. 今天下午可能会下雪。

Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock. 电熨斗会有危险的，它可能使你受到严重的电击。

2. 否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。例如：

If you took some exercise, you might not be so fat. 要是你锻炼，可能不会这样胖。

At that time we thought the story could not be true. 那时我们认为故事不可能是真的。

The story sounds reasonable, but it cant be true. 这个故事听起来合情合理，但不可能是真的。

3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。例如：

Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗?

Could an accident happen if I do that? 如果我那样做，可能会发生意外吗？

4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must（may, might等）+完成式”；否定推测常用“can（could, may, might等）not + 完成式”。例如：

They must have been too excited to sleep last night, for they met with Chinas first spaceman Yang Liwei yesterday morning. 他们昨晚一定激动得睡不着觉，因为昨天上午他们见到了中国的第一个太空人杨利伟。

It is possible he might have called while we were out. 当我们出门后，他有可能会打电话来。

He cant have had enough money for a new car. He is poor. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。他家里穷。

（二）“情态动词 + have done”表“应当已经……”，“想必已经……”，“本来可以……”等意思。

1. can (could) have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上未做某事”，含有遗憾的意味。例如：

You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 你本来可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力。

2. should have done表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。例如：

She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it then. 她本来不该带走我的皮尺，因为我那时要用。

There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you? 昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？

3. neednt have done表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。例如：

You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 你本不必浇花的，天要下雨。

经典例解：

1. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.