避开情景交际题的“陷阱”
2008-03-04吕吉尔
吕吉尔
单项选择题在英语试卷上占的分量较重,考查的内容大体可分为如下五类:基础语法知识、习语及惯用搭配、词语辨析、逻辑推理和情景交际用语。其中情景交际类题目难度较大,不仅涉及语法和词汇知识,同时还涉及思维方式、语言习惯、文化差异等因素。笔者精心总结了此类题目中经常出现的一些“陷阱”并加以解析,希望可以帮助同学们轻松避开“陷阱”,获得高分。
陷阱一:母语思维定势
英语和汉语属于两个不同的语系,差异较大。受母语影响,同学们常常会按照汉语的思维解答英语试题,从而造成失分。
例1Come and see me whenever _______.
A. you are convenient
B. youll be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
解析: 答案为C。很多同学误选了A,因为它符合 “无论什么时候,只要你方便就来看我”的汉语表达方式。但在英语中,convenient一词的主语常用代词it而不用指人的代词。
例2—Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?
—_______.
A. I dont believe
B. I dont believe it
C. I believe not so
D. I believe not
解析: 答案为D。以Do you think... 这样的句子来提问,用D项的回答表示否定,显然不符合中文的表达习惯。许多同学以汉语思维习惯来答题,误选了A项或B项,从而掉进了“陷阱”。
例3—Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.
—OK._______.
A. Take it easy
B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer
D. See you
解析: 答案为D。中国人在送客时总是说“慢走”,但英语国家的人是说“再见”。
陷阱二:交际习惯差异
对别人向自己请求帮助,或向别人提出请求、邀请的情景问题,同学们往往会选出过于直接、不够委婉的答案。这样的答案尽管语意正确,但不符合英语国家的交际习惯和得体原则。
例4—Next Monday is my birthday.
—Is that so?
—Thank you.
A. I cant believe my ears.
B. Im so glad to hear that.
C. What presents do you want?
D. Many happy returns of the day!
解析: 答案为D。在祝贺别人生日快乐时,英语中习惯用many happy returns (of the day)来表达“祝您长寿;祝您生日快乐”的意思。
例5—Betty was feeling pretty blue for a while, but shes better now.
—_______.
A. Oh, thats kind of you
B. Congratulations
C. Its my pleasure
D. Oh, Im glad to hear that
解析: 答案为D。当听到令人高兴的事情时,英语中习惯用Im glad to hear that来回答。B项用于祝贺别人取得成功、成绩、成就或者奖项。
例6—“Could we put off the meeting?” she asked.
—“_______,” he answered politely, “This is the only day everyone is available.”
A. Not likely B. Not exactly
C. Not nearly D. Not really
解析: 答案为D。按照英语的表达习惯,在表达否定的意思时,为了避免语气生硬,常用not really和Im afraid not之类的表达方式。
陷阱三: 近似用语混淆
当选项在内容、形式等方面接近或相似时,就会形成阻碍同学们得分的“陷阱”。
例7—Our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sure we will win.
—_______!
A. Congratulations
B. Cheers
C. Best wishes
D. Good luck
解析: 答案为D。四个选项都可用来表示良好的祝愿。A项用于祝贺已取得的成功;B项用于祝酒,意为“祝你健康”;C项多用于写信时表示“问候”;D项意为“祝你好运,祝你成功”。
例8 —How about going fishing?
—_______, I have no patience for that.
A. Excuse me
B. Pardon
C. Sorry
D. Apologize
解析: 答案为C。四个选项都有“对不起;抱歉”的含义,但使用场合不同。A项用于事情发生前,相当于汉语中“劳驾”“借光”等意思;B项是没听清对方话语,要求重复时的用语;C项用于道歉或拒绝;D项为动词,一般不单独使用。
例9—I really didnt know how to thank you enough.
—_______.
A. No problem
B. Think nothing of it
C. Not at all
D. It doesnt matter
解析: 答案为B。Think nothing of it相当于Dont mention it,意为“不用客气”,符合情景。C项虽也可表示“不用谢”,但一般用于直接应答thank you时。
陷阱四: 逻辑推理混乱
逻辑推理混乱是情景交际题中常出现的“陷阱”之一。
例10—_______.
—Its nothing to worry about. I never liked it anyway
A. I lost my walkman this morning
B. I feel awful. Ive got a cold
C. I feel terrible, but Ive left your tape somewhere
D. Im sorry, but we dont have that medicine
解析: 答案为C。由“……反正我也不喜欢它了”的回答可知,说话者可能是把答话者的某样东西搞坏了或弄丢了,只有C项符合情境,其他选项涉及的都是有关说话者自身的事情。
例11—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joana?
—_______.
A. Oh, wonderful indeed
B. I went there alone
C. First by train and then by ship
D. A guide showed me the way
解析: 答案为A。How did you find...有两种含义:“你如何找到……”或“你觉得……如何”。从find的宾语the visit可以判定,对方是问对the visit的感受。
例12—What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—_______. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends
B. Its up to you
C. All right
D. Glad to hear that
解析:答案为B。从后文可知,“你想做什么我都无所谓”。A项意为“看情况而定”,那么决定权就不一定在“你”手里,选A就不符合逻辑。