济南的夏天

戴永夏

不知是有意的遺漏，还是无意的疏忽，文学大师老舍在写了《济南的秋天》和《济南的冬天》后，没有再专写济南的春天和夏天，这给我们留下了不小的遗憾。其实，济南的春夏同样美丽可爱，单就夏天来说，风景也不输秋冬。它的点点滴滴，都可入诗入画。

就说济南的泉吧。因为夏天雨水充足，泉水也特别旺，特别美，特别有生气。每到此时，大泉喷得更猛，小泉跳得更欢，会弹唱的奏出妙音佳曲，能吐珠的吐出珍珠万千……真是“八仙过海，各显神通”，到处泉水充盈，满城泉光喜人。尤其那被称作“天下第一泉”的趵突泉，三个泉眼喷出的水柱高达数尺，势如奔马，声如雷鸣，日夜喷涌，无休无止。古人所谓“云雾润蒸华不注，波涛声震大明湖”；“三尺不消平地雪，四时常吼半天雷”，主要就是指趵突泉夏日的景象。还有一些有名或无名的小泉，此时也特别活跃。它们吸足大地的精气，卯足周身的劲儿，挤出石隙，冒出地面，汩汩地涌着，潺潺地流着，漫过平坦的青石板路，穿行在曲折的小街巷中，与人相依相亲，同喜同乐。它们虽清清浅浅，却也源源不断，用自己鲜活的生命，清纯的气质，营造出“清泉石上流”的美好诗境。

再看那湖。夏日的大明湖，真是气象万千，风光无限。此时，湖水更蓝了，岸柳更绿了，荷花更艳了。红荷绿柳交相辉映，构成了湖上的主要风景线。难怪老舍先生说：“大明湖夏日的莲花，城河的绿柳，自然是美好的了。”

大明湖岸边的垂柳，向以多而美著称。当夏天来临时，它们吸足了阳光，储足了能量，浓密的柳叶泛着油绿，苍翠欲滴；长长的柳丝迎风招展，更加坚韧茁壮。翠枝绿叶交织缠绵，层层叠叠，形成一道绿色长廊，紧紧簇拥着一湖碧水。而湖中的莲荷也不甘寂寞，争相在碧波上铺锦叠翠，争奇斗艳。那田田的荷叶撑起绿伞，“接天莲叶无穷碧”；朵朵荷花含笑怒放，“映日荷花别样红”……这时，来湖边赏荷者络绎不绝，而湖上采莲犹引人瞩目。只见那些穿红着绿的采莲女郎，驾着扁舟，唱着歌儿，穿行在碧波上，出没于荷丛中，采下娇艳的荷花，运到湖边叫卖。清代诗人任宏远曾形象地写道：“六月乘凉争采莲，湖中来往女郎船。临行笑折新荷叶，障却斜阳细雨天。”诗中的采莲女是那样活泼可爱。她们兴高采烈地采摘莲花，又机智顽皮地收获欢乐，其采莲情景如诗如画。而古时文人雅士的“采莲”，更是别出心裁。他们常于荷花盛开时节，三五成群地来到湖边，采下碧鲜的荷叶，盛上美酒，刺开莲心，再从空心莲茎的末端轮流啜吸，美其名曰“碧筒饮”。这滋味，清香可口，妙不可言，“酒味杂莲香，香冷胜于水”，味道好极了！于是效法者接踵而来，连大诗人苏东坡也对它情有独钟，到处推广，并在诗中写道：“碧筒时作象鼻弯，白酒微带荷心苦”，对其大加赞美……如今，虽然采莲的情景已难见到，但是观莲赏荷，却越来越成为人们游湖的“最爱”。

夏天的明湖，充满美感，也饱含诗意，令文人墨客文思遄飞，写出许多咏湖的佳作。“问吾何处避炎蒸，十顷西湖照眼明。鱼戏一篙新浪满，鸟啼千步绿阴成。虹腰隐隐松桥出，鹢首峨峨画舫行。最喜晚凉风月好，紫荷香里听泉声。”这是宋代诗人曾巩笔下的明湖，多美的避暑胜地！看吧：宽阔的湖面上游鱼嬉戏，浓密的柳荫中鸟啼声声。远处岸边虹桥卧波，近处湖里画舫穿行。凉风阵阵，荷香扑鼻，泉声悦耳……在这样的地方纳凉，是多么惬意的享受！再看湖上泛舟：“千条杨柳数声鸥，一片玻璃一叶舟。闲看鱼儿游镜里，不知人在镜中游。”这是清代诗人王允榛笔下的明湖。短短四行佳句，便概括了满湖精华：湖边杨柳如烟，湖上鸥鹭翔集，湖面平明如镜，湖水清澈见底……来此泛舟畅游，恰如销魂仙境，怎能不飘飘欲仙？至于雨中、月下的明湖，更是美得令人心醉。清代著名学者阮元曾这样写道：“或黑云堆墨，骤雨翻盆，万荷竟响，跳珠溅玉。霅然而霁，残霞雌霓起于几席。斜日向晚，湖风生凉，皓月转空，疏星落水，鸳鸯鸂鶒拍拍然不避人也。”在不同的天气条件下，大明湖的景色也瞬息万变：忽而“万荷竟响，跳珠溅玉”；忽而云兴霞蔚，长虹贯天；忽而皓月当空，银辉泻地……大自然的奇妙神功，大明湖的绮丽风采，在作者笔下都得以真实生动地再现。

夏天扮靓了济南的泉湖，也同样恩顾着“一城山色”。此时的千佛山，万木竞秀，一派生机勃发景象：那沉稳的松柏在暗暗地生长着新枝嫩叶，更加郁郁葱葱；桃杏脱下艳丽的花衣，披上了崭新的绿袍，用累累果实的红黄，点染着山的风采；那些不喜争春的洋槐虽然花期较晚，却开得恰到好处。当满山绿肥红瘦时，它们却开出满树银花，拢起座座雪塔，用飘香的清纯洁白，粉饰着山的壮美。还有袅娜的垂柳，也随风吐着飞絮，为亮丽的“十里锦屏”，披上淡淡的轻纱……老舍当年曾这样写千佛山：“只有夏天，一切颜色消沉在绿的中间，由地上一直绿到树上浮着的绿山峰，成为以绿为主色的一景。”大师笔下的山景，美则美矣，但总觉有点儿单调。他若能活到今天，一定会重新挥起如椽的大笔，在浓绿的底色上再添几笔重彩，沉郁的山势上再增加一些灵动，画出一幅更加多彩的千佛山夏日景象。

当然，济南的夏天也有不尽如人意之处。它把大美赐予山泉湖泊，也把高温留给大街小巷。于是，有人常埋怨济南的夏天太热。其实，热也并非全是坏事，热中自有独特的生活乐趣。当闷热难耐时，冬暖夏凉的泉边便是理想的乘凉之地。这时，男人来这里围桌喝茶、聊天；女人来这里做针线、话家常；顽皮的孩子们则无拘无束地跳进泉池中，打闹嬉戏……而人们的餐桌上，夏天的美食也更加丰富。用鲜荷叶做成的荷叶粥、荷叶鱼、荷叶肉等肴馔，风味独特，人见人爱。尤其那别出心裁的“炸荷花瓣”，其色艳丽，其味清香，吃到嘴里，回味无穷，是济南特有的名菜，被老舍称做“济南的典故”……如此多的“济南典故”，如此丰富的夏天恩赐，让外地人艳羡，“羡煞济南山水好”；使当地人自豪，“济南人说胜江南”。这，又何尝不是济南人的福气？

The spring and summer seasons in Jinan are equally beautiful and lovely， and each offers a wealth of inspiration for poets and artists.

During the summer months， the springs in Jinan exhibit heightened levels of strength， beauty and vitality due to the abundance of rainfall. At this time， the larger springs were more active， while the smaller springs were more lively， creating a beautiful melody. The springs are pervasive throughout the city with their presence in various locations. Additionally， numerous springs， both renowned and obscure， have been identified. These springs have been observed to extract a substantial quantity of the earths essence， imparting strength to the body. This process occurs through the formation of a stone gap and the subsequent gurgling sound emanating from the ground. Although the streams were unassuming and relatively shallow， they were nonetheless endowed with a distinctive vitality and character. This quality is evident in the clear， flowing rhythm described as the “spring purling over the stone”in the poem.

In the summer months， Daming Lake is renowned for its ever-changing scenery， which is particularly vibrant. The lakes azure blue is intensified， the shore willow is verdant， and the lotus flowers are particularly vivid. The interplay of red lotus and green willow creates a striking spectacle， which is a testament to the natural beauty of Daming Lake and the city river. This observation by Lao She， a renowned Chinese writer， offers a compelling insight into the lakes allure.

The summer season in Jinan is characterized by the transformation of the spring lake， which is enhanced by the vibrant colour of the surrounding mountains. At this time of year， the thousand Buddha Mountain is particularly striking， with the trees competing for attention in a kaleidoscope of green. Lao She， if he were still alive， would undoubtedly be inspired by this scene and would infuse it with a sense of vitality， adding a touch of spirit to the mountains， and creating a more graceful summer scene of the mountain.

It is understandable that Jinans summer may not be everyones cup of tea. Some people do express their frustration at the heat， which can be quite intense. However， it is important to remember that the heat can also bring a certain joy to life. When the weather is particularly hot， it can be a great idea to head to somewhere cool， for instance， the springside. And people often enjoy summer treats at this time of year. The abundance of summer in Jinan is a source of considerable envy among those outside the city. This is indeed a source of satisfaction for the local population.