发现伏笔，捕捉续写点

吴娟娟

【问题导读】

读后续写的命题材料往往源于一篇完整的文章。在命题时，命题者会故意删除其中可续写段落的内容来考查考生的思维能力和对所学语言知识的实际运用能力。在一個完整的故事中，作者通常会围绕某个主题，在篇首或篇中埋下一些伏笔，并在篇尾进行合理照应。在读后续写中，伏笔暗示故事的发展方向，往往出现在原文和所给的两个段首句中。发现伏笔并在续写中照应伏笔可以增强文章的逻辑性。

【名师导学】

伏笔是文学作品中在上文看似无关紧要的事或物，但对下文将要出现的人物或事件预先做出的某种提示或暗示，以求前后呼应达到结构严谨、情节合理的效果。伏笔为故事的展开服务，经常零星散落在文中，不易发觉。因此，考生在阅读时应站在作者的角度解读原文，从文本中发现伏笔，续写时及时照应，从而确保续写情节与原文保持逻辑一致。考生如何才能精准地找出“潜伏”在文中的伏笔呢？以下是几种常见的方式。

1. 把握故事背景与故事情节，捕捉可续写点

读后续写文本以记叙文为主，考生可以通过列表格清单的方式把握故事的基本要素：时间、地点、人物、事件。基本要素所反映的特定背景和基本情况制约着故事的情节发展和走向。因此，通过分析故事或人物背景捕捉续写点，考生可以找到故事情节发展的大致方向。

2. 提炼原文主题，捕捉可续写点

主题是文章的灵魂，是对写人、记事、写景、状物等内容的概括和提炼，同时也是续写的伏笔。考生可以用“何人何时何地做了何事，结果如何，为什么”的句式概括主题，紧扣原文思想。续写时照应主题，结尾时升华主题。

3. 抓住高频词，捕捉可续写点

高频词指在原文中多次出现并与情节相关联的词。原文中的高频词通常直指特定物品或场景，看似无关紧要，有时却能对助推情节起到画龙点睛的作用。考生可以通过做标注留意高频词，并在续写时适时照应，使续写段落在内容和逻辑上与原文更融洽。

4. 留意细节描写，捕捉可续写点

续写中可用作伏笔的细节描写主要有语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、环境描写、情感描写等。描写对象可以是人，也可以是物或场景。细节蕴藏玄机，能做铺垫，推动故事情节的发展。考生在阅读原文时要善于体会细节背后的用意，捕捉特定细节并在续写时予以照应。

5. 品读续写段首句，捕捉可续写点

读后续写并不是任由考生随心所欲地发挥想象力，而是要在续写段落开头语的约束下完成创作，因此段首句必有伏笔。考生可以通过仔细研读两个段首句，捕捉关键词作为续写点，推动情节发展，建构首尾呼应的完整的故事情节。

【案例导引】

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Music has always been an essential part of my family. As a little girl， I often watchedmy mom singing with others in the church. As I grew older， she and I would sing while wedid the dishes or hung clothes. My brother Dean was also a musical soul. In good time or inbad， there was always music in our house. It shaped us， comforted us， and gave us a way toexpress feelings that might otherwise have gone unspoken.

After Dean became a father， we learned that his oldest son was on the autism （孤独症）spectrum. My nephew Dj did not handle social situations well， and sometimes it was even astruggle for him to speak aloud outside the family. He worked very hard to overcome hisfears so that he decided he wanted to be part of a music program with the other children inhis Sunday school class when he was eight years old. The part he had been offered was onethat required him to sing a verse all on his own—a solo.

My brother carefully explained to him that this would mean singing in front of theaudience. There would be no one singing with him. Dj considered this very carefully. Aftera couple of days， he decided that he would accept the part. He explained to us that hebelieved he could do it because it was a very special occasion， and he would practice untilhe was as perfect as he could be. He said he knew his daddy would help him to be the bestsinger possible.

For over a month， he and his father practiced together. Every evening would find themlocked away in the music room， my brother on guitar， and my nephews small voice comingfrom somewhere deep down inside his little body. He gained confidence， and when the dayof the concert arrived， he was certain all would go well. My brother waited backstage， givingDj double thumbsup，and he came out to sit with the rest of the family to watch and takephotos.

photos.

注意：續写词数应为150左右。

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When it was finally time for Dj to sing， the music played on， and he froze._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Everyone turned to see who was singing， while I knew it was my brother.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

一、梳理故事背景

作者的侄子Dj自幼患有孤独症，不善于社交，有时甚至害怕在家庭之外的地方大声说话。但他在爸爸的鼓励和陪伴下，努力克服自己的恐惧，终于决定在音乐会进行个人表演。

二、厘清故事情节

三、捕捉续写点

参考范文

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When it was finally time for Dj to sing， the music played on， and he froze. His little facegrew pale， and we could see the panic in his eyes as the silence grew. The pianist startedthe music again but still nothing came out. The entire audience seemed to lean forward inexpectation. The silence seemed enormous. The whole family of us were all staring at ourlittle boy， hoping he would cheer up and act out his part. Then the pianist started overagain， and a low voice filled the air， singing the song.

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Everyone turned to see who was singing， while I knew it was my brother. Deans encouragementhad an influence on Dj. His face began to light up， and his eyes began to sparkle.He opened his mouth and began to sing along， his little voice growing stronger with eachword. The show ended with thunderous applause， with the kids bowing dramatically，accepting their praise for a job well done. I turned to find my brother giving Dj a doublethumbsup，with tears swelling in his eyes. I knew at that time no words needed to bespoken. The understanding between us had already flowed through the song Dj had sung.

【模擬导练】

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

During my school days， whenever I was asked to write an essay （文章） about bravepeople and their brave deeds， I always focused on heroes in news reports risking their livesto save others. But from that day on， I could write how my mom， in her determined way，saved our elderly neighbor.

The event that stands out in my memory happened one morning when I was only 10years old. I was doing my homework when I heard raised voices. At first， I thought nothingof it since customers in the motorcycle shop directly below our flat often became loud， but Isoon realized this time it was different.

“Quick！ Quick！ Remove the motorcycles from the shop，” someone yelled. Then a thickburning smell filled the air. When I opened the front door of our flat to have a look outside，a thick cloud of smoke， billowing （涌出） up from the ground floor， greeted me. It hit me thatthe motorcycle shop had caught fire.

My mom， who had been working in the kitchen， hurried to the living room. We rushedout of the door and along the corridor （走廊） through the smoke. We were heading towardsthe stairway at the far end of the corridor when Mom stopped and thought for a while. Sheturned around and headed back the way we came. Puzzled but having no idea what she wasdoing， I followed her.

It became clear soon that Mom had remembered the Korean lady in her 70s living nextdoor to us whom we called Jane. Mom began banging on the door， but got no answer. As thesmoke thickened around us， I could see many of our neighbors—some still in their pyjamas（睡衣）—running for safety. The thought of fear crossed my mind.

“She must have already run for safety like everyone else！ Lets rush downstairs！” Ibegged. But Mom refused to give up.“ I know Janes still inside.” She said she was familiarwith Janes daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

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I noticed the flame was reaching up.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Luckily， some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【評价导思】

1. 你续写的内容是否紧扣文章主题？你又是如何回应主题的？

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2. 续写这篇文章的时候，你找到了哪些可续写点？你是如何照应这些可续写点的？

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3. 在结尾升华时，你有没有写出让人感动的带有哲理性的句子？

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