主旨大意题解题探秘
2024-04-19颜为
颜为
一篇文章或长或短,总要围绕一个中心展开,这个中心即文章的主旨。主旨大意题就是针对解读文章的主旨来命题的。了解主旨大意题的题型特点和解题规律,可帮助我们准确把握文章的主旨,快捷高效地解题。
一、题型特点
主旨大意题尽管设问方式不尽相同,但都是针对文章的subject(主题),main idea(中心思想),title(题目)或purpose(目的)来拟题的。如:
·The main idea of this passage is...
·Which is the best title of the passage(story)?
·The passage(story)is mainly about...
·What is the subject discussed in the passage?
·The writer mainly tells us in the passage about...
二、常见失误分析
1.只读完文章的某个部分或段落就归纳出文章主旨,未对全文意思进行总体概括,以偏概全。
2.只读懂文章的表层意思,未能深层领悟作者的写作意图。
3.把文章次要内容看成是主要内容,主次颠倒。
4.概括范围过大,过于笼统,超出了作者本意。
三、解题对策
(一)通读全文,辨认主题句。我们应先通读全文,掌握大意,然后辨认能够统领和概括文章的核心句子即主题句。准确找出主题句,再从选项中选出与主题句相呼应的选项,是最有效的解题方法。
1.主题句的特点。(1)概括性:它浓缩了文章的整体内容;(2)统一性:即与整篇文章在意思上保持高度统一,而非矛盾或排斥;(3)简洁性:句子结构简单明了,少有长句或难句。
2.主题句的位置。有的作者在开篇时直接点明主题,再演绎事实,因此主题句便出现在文章之首;有的作者先摆事实,再做结论,主题句便出现在文末;有的作者先从事实入手,发展到结论,然而意犹未尽,进一步用细节支撑结论,主题句便出现在文章中间。辨认、寻找主题句的过程其实就是加深对文章的整体理解、读懂文章的过程。
(二)自行归纳主题思想。有的文章并没有明显的主题句,作者的写作意图蕴含文中,这就要求我们透过文字叙述自行归纳出主题。在归纳的过程中应注意:
1.留心对表达文意起重要作用的关键词语,将关键词语进行精加工,提炼出最能表达作者意图的概念、观点;
2.筛选出蕴含重要信息的句子并加以重組,呈现文章的整体思想;
3.概括各段大意,再由点及面,串联出文章的中心内容。
自行归纳出主题后,再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项,但应注意,有些干扰项,从局部看也许不算错,但从全文看却又片面,其与正确选项之差,其实是局部与全局之差,解题时切勿忽略了文章的整体思想。
四、示例展示
例1 In recent years English has become more and more widely spoken all over the world. Yet,while a growing number of people in other parts of the world are learning English,fewer American people today are studying foreign languages. That trend has created a serious shortage of foreign speakers in the American diplomatic services,in the armed forces,and in companies dealing with international trade. And it is a trend that is causing concern among an increasing number of Americans.
The passage mainly tells us __________.
A. English has become more and more widely spoken all over the world
B. fewer Americans are studying foreign languages today
C. a growing number of people in the world are learning English
D. there is a serious shortage of foreign speakers in the United States
解析:A、B、C、D四个选项文中都有支撑信息,但短文议论的中心是美国人不大学习外语而导致外语人才短缺。B项是问题实质,D项是问题的结果。本文的主题句应该是:“fewer American people today are studying foreign languages.”答案:B。
例2 One of the most important uses of gold is for money. Gold can be used to make rings,earrings and other things. Gold is also used to make gold leaf,a very flat ribbon of gold that is often used on picture frames. Cups and dishes can be made from gold,too.
The best title of this passage is__________.
A. The Most Important Uses of Gold
B. Wide Uses of Gold
C. Many Things Made of Gold
D. The Importance of Gold
解析:该文从金子最主要的用途说起,然后列举其他用途,“use”是文中反复出现的关键词。该文未出现主题句,但从文中列举的事实可归纳出主题:金子的广泛用途。答案:B。
(作者单位:江苏省东台市实验中学教育集团学府路校区)