状语从句用法解析
2024-04-19魏万梅
魏万梅
条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等词来引导。
注意:在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来, 即遵循“主将从现”原则。如:
You wont pass the PE exam successfully unless you exercise every day.
除非你每天都锻炼,否则你不会顺利通过体育考试。
If you treat others with your heart, you will get friendship in return.
如果你用心对待别人,你会得到友谊作为回报。
比较状语从句
比较状语从句是两个事物进行比较时由相关连接词引出的从句,主要运用于形容词和副词原级、比较级的句子中。引导比较状语从句的连接词有as...as...,not as / so...as...,than;特殊引导词有the more...the more...等。
as...as...,not so/as...as...与than引导的比较状语从句,后面往往用省略句。如:
Tom is shorter than me, but he runs as fast as me.
汤姆比我矮,但是他跑步和我一样快。
as...as...和not as / so...as...之间要用形容词和副词的原级。如:
Lucys homework is not so good as it was last week.露西的作业不如上周好。
比较状语从句的动词,如果与主句的谓语动词一致,且为行为动词时,常用do(does, did)代替,以免重复。如:
Tom knows much more about movies than I do. 汤姆对电影的了解比我要多些。
the more...the more...句型中,前面相当于从句,往往用一般现在时态,后面相当于主句,用一般将来时态。如:
The more you read, the better you will write. 你读得越多,写得就越好。
原因状语从句
原因状语从句通常由because, as, since等词引导。用法如下:
because表示必然的因果关系,语气最强,它引导的从句是说话的重心,多数情况下放在主句的后面,也可以放在前面。用why 提问时也必须用because 回答。
as引导原因状语从句时,说明比较明显的原因,语气较弱,从句在前在后均可。
since表示对方已知晓的无须加以说明的原因或事实,since的语气比because弱。全句的重心在主句上,从句可前可后。
目的状语从句
so that,in order that,in case常可以引导目的状语从句。如:
They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.
他们起得很早,以便赶上早班车。
Youd better put on more clothes in case you might catch cold.
你最好多穿一些衣服,以免(以防)着凉。
注意:目的状语从句的谓语多由情态动词 + 动词构成。
让步状语从句
表示让步的状语从句可以由though (although),even if(even though),no matter,however,whatever等來引导。如:
Many people all over the world want to climb Mount Qomolongma each year, though it is very dangerous.每年,世界各地的许多人都想攀登珠穆朗玛峰,尽管这很危险。
I cant believe you even if (even though) you tell the truth.
即使讲真话,我也不会相信你。
注意:though (although) 引导的是一个让步状语从句,but连接的是有转折之意的并列的分句。同一句中,不能既有although(though)又有but。如:
He is a child, but he knows a lot. = Although he is a child, he knows a lot.
他虽是个孩子,但知道的东西却很多。
(作者单位:甘肃省白银市靖远县北湾中学)