Unit 6 Space and beyond

2024-04-12

时代英语·高二 2024年1期

关键词：比较级连贯日志

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基础训练

单词拼写根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1. At the time， I thought it normal and u ， so I didnt pay much attention to it.

2. The childrens s lengthened as the sun went down.

3. The captain cares about the safety of both the c and the passengers.

4. Our class will make an e to the seaside. We are very happy about that.

5. He covered her mouth to stop her from （尖聲大叫）.

6. Production has been （暂停） while safety checks are carried out.

7. He was （悲惨地） killed in an accident earlier this year.

8. I found an old photo in my bookcase， which （重新唤起） many of my memories.

选择填空用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

set foot on become accustomed to cast a shadow on

tune in ones heart in ones mouth

1. He quickly the new way of life here and kind of enjoyed it.

2. With ， Jenny moved towards the dark.

3. No man has ever that rocky island; its impossible to land there.

4. Mike always at ten oclock to hear the news.

5. Dont let todays disappointment tomorrows dreams.

课文语法填空

Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July， 1969. 1 had once been considered impossible had been achieved. 2 （follow） the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 3 （tragic）， the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986， and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and cast a shadow 4 peoples hearts. After the disaster， space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster 5 （investigate）. But there was never any doubt that manned 6 （flight） would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle programme resumed with the 7 （success） launch of Discovery. It 8 （be） over 30 years since the 9 （lose） of Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter 10 distant they might seem.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

阅读理解

In about 23 years， it may finally be time to look up. A recently discovered asteroid （小行星） has a chance of hitting the Earth on Valentines Day in 2046. It was discovered on 26 February at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama， Chile.

While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning， NASA says people shouldnt be worried.

The asteroid has an estimated diameter of 160 feet， which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field.

“Weve been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the Earth. Often when new objects are discovered， it takes several weeks data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately （足够地） predict their orbits years into the future，” NASAs Planetary Defense Coordination Office （PDCO） said.

The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat. The scale is a tool to categorize potential Earth impacts， with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster. One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal， or green zone.

“Current calculations show the chance of collision （碰撞） is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，” NASA says of the green zone. “New telescopic observations will very likely lead to re-assignment to Level 0.”

Although 2023 DW doesnt pose a great risk to the Earth， NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disaster.

In September， 2022， NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft， or DART， into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock. NASA later confirmed the mission was a success， and is continuing to research how effective the method is， should a massive asteroid be headed our way.

1. What did NASAs PDCO say about 2023 DW？

A. It is too close to the Earth. B. It must be destroyed in space.

C. Its orbit is still uncertain now. D. Its orbit should be changed.

2. How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale？

A. As Level zero threat. B. As Level ten threat.

C. In the normal zone. D. In the threatening zone.

3. What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph？

A. Size. B. Weight. C. Angle. D. Path.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile

B. An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way， Unlikely to Hit Us

C. A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth

D. A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently

閱读七选五

In 1969， when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon， many people thought soon we would be regularly visiting other planets. 1 The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue to explore space， then？

2 From the very early days of human life on the Earth， our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality， we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight， thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.

With technologies developed for space exploration， we can solve some big problems facing mankind， making our lives safer and easier. 3 Originally applied to the space shuttle launch， they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.

Although space exploration demands huge investment， it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 4 Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground， such as engineers and research assistants.

Moreover， the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness （見证）. These moments shape childrens lives forever. 5 When youve seen a man walk on the Moon， you grow up believing anything is possible！

A. This is clearly not the case.

B. It is in our nature to explore.

C. The universe is too mysterious.

D. One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.

E. It can also provide a variety of career opportunities.

F. These scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas.

G. They also motivate the children to become the scientists and engineers of the future.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

单句语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. The （simulate） is expected to enter service in early 2025 in the program.

2. My teacher asked me why I didnt sign up the important competition.

3. Looking into his eyes， she seemed to take all he said.

4. An artist must make contact nature so as to be creative.

5. Completed projects must （submit） by 10 March.

6. Things might （be） different if Id talked a bit more.

7. When you dont hold an office， you dont need （consider） the policies.

8. I feared I wouldnt be able （control） such a strong horse.

用适当的情态动词填空

1. I love the weekend， because I not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.

2. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I get enough money.

3. you mind my troubling you with some questions？

4. Peter come with us， but he isnt very sure yet.

5.The players from the football club have been doing very well recently， so they win the final.

用適当的情态动词完成句子

1. 我们昨晚本应该打扫屋子的，但我们却去听音乐会了。

We the house last night， but we went to the concert instead.

2. 我们本来可以准时完成任务的，但交通堵塞毁了我们的计划。

We the task on time， but the heavy traffic destroyed our plan.

3. 你本没有必要浇花的，因为要下雨了。

You the flowers， for it is going to rain.

4. 他们正竭尽所能寻找那个失踪的男孩。

They are doing to search for the lost boy.

5.请注意，任何人只要能回答出一个问题就会得到一份奖品。

Attention， please. Whoever can answer one of the questions .

完形填空

The idea of holidays to the Moon was once a concept of science fiction. While now several companies including SpaceX and Virgin Galactic are racing to make it a 1 . To prepare for these 2 ， Horizn Studios has displayed the worlds first suitcase （手提箱） for space travel.

The suitcase was co-designed by Alyssa Carson， the 18-year-old hoping to be one of the 3 on board for NASAs first manned mission to Mars in 2033.

Alyssa said， “It was very 4 to work with the team—we 5 ourselves what a space traveler would need in 6 of luggage， and what the luggage would need to be able to do.”

The suitcase， called Horizn One， is built from 7 material， making it robust （结实的） while also extremely 8 . In fact， Horizn Studios estimates that the case 9 no more than 900 grams！

The base of the case is electromagnetic （电磁的）， allowing it to 10 to the floor or wall even in zero 11 environments.

Meanwhile， the suitcase is 12 with a lot of electronics， such as a charging field， an in-built smart screen， and a device 13 for fingerprint recognition.

However， the suitcase has an eye-watering 14 thats likely to put off many 15 . It is currently priced at $40，000.

Stefan Holwe， founder of Horizn Studios， said， “As a smart suitcase brand， it is our job to enable 16 minds to go further， so this project lies very close to our hearts. Were 17 to work with Alyssa.

“Space is seen as the final 18 ， and Horizn One brings us one step closer. It shows how far smart travel technology has come， and how far it can 19 .”

20 ， the suitcase is still a concept， and Horizn Studios expects the first space range to arrive in 2030.

1. A. dream B. reality C. hope D. success

2. A. holidays B. challenges C. projects D. questions

3. A. designers B. scientists C. pilots D. astronauts

4. A. difficult B. interesting C. nervous D. strange

5. A. enjoyed B. learned C. asked D. prepared

6. A. place B. terms C. defence D. favor

7. A. common B. simple C. natural D. special

8. A. beautiful B. large C. light D. thick

9. A. weighs B. measures C. lifts D. stretches

10. A. stick B. extend C. lead D. move

11. A. gravity B. temperature C. air D. pollution

12. A. wrapped B. equipped C. covered D. filled

13. A. used B. fixed C. known D. changed

14. A. shape B. price C. quality D. smell

15. A. producers B. owners C. customers D. companies

16. A. anxious B. dangerous C. humorous D. curious

17. A. disappointed B. excited C. frightened D. hesitant

18. A. say B. game C. frontier D. test

19. A. run B. shoot C. spread D. go

20. A. Fortunately B. Sadly C. Fearfully D. Gladly

語法填空

Scientists have presented several objectives for a future international lunar research station， 1 （include） Moon-based Earth observation and lunar resource utilization （利用）， the China Science Daily 2 （report） on Friday.

Zou Yongliao， head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， revealed （透露） the goals at a recent 3 （nation） space conference. China plans 4 （establish） a basic model for a lunar research station based on two planned exploration missions by 2028， and 5 （subsequent） expand it into an international one.

According to Zou， as scientists continue to develop the blueprint for the research station， they have already made progress by coming up 6 specific objectives for science and application. These objectives mainly involve studying the Moons evolution， exploring star formation and activities， and observing the Sun and the Earth from the Moon.

Zou also mentioned the 7 （perform） of scientific experiments， like growing 8 （plant） on the lunar surface， and the utilization of lunar resources， such as Moon minerals 9 solar energy. The scientist noted that the Moon is still the “main field” of deep space exploration and the construction of an international lunar research station was 10 historical necessity.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改错

Deng Qingming was one of the crew member of the Shenzhou XV mission. As a hardworking student， Deng joined in the PLA （Peoples Liberation Army） Air Force in 1984 but started training as a pilot. He becomes the first member of the PLA Astronaut Division in 1998 with 13 others pilots. In the following years， Deng devoted almost all of his time training and has spared no effort to get a opportunity to fly into space. He was a backup crew member for the Shenzhou IX， X and XI， XIII missions. Try to achieve his space dream continuously， Deng Qingming realized his dream final. He was praised as a “hiding hero”.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎训练

单词填空用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Most stars are not to the naked eye so they are almost to us when we look at the sky. （visible）

2.Computer software can be used as a to conditions on the seabed. （simulate）

3.Though he has talent as a musician， he has lived an life as a common man. （exception）

4. ， cuts in the health service could have consequences for patients. （tragic）

5.We need to the paper. When is the final date for the ？（submit）

6. ， it will be a beautiful city with buildings of every age and style. （conceive）

单句表达根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1. 通常认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。（It is/was + v.-ed + that…）

2. 問题越困难，我就越可能回答不出来。（the + 比较级…， the + 比较级…）

3. 他们过去从事音乐研究。（be engaged in）

4. 我们这一组由老师、学生及家长组成。（be composed of）

5. 人类在探索真理的过程中必然会遭受挫折。（quest for）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句，并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

construct suspend quest for be engaged in call to No wonder…

It is/was + v.-ed+ that… There is/was never any doubt that…

阅读理解

NASAs pioneering planetary defense probe， DART， spent the last 306 days calmly traveling through space toward its own target： an asteroid the size of a football field， known as Dimorphos. At around 3 pm on Monday， the rock emerged; just a little white light on the probes camera.

Second by second， the $325 million， 1，200-pound spacecraft inched closer to its final destination. The asteroid grew larger， becoming a light spot， then a rough globe. Eventually， it enveloped the screen. At 4：14 pm， DARTs cameras went red. In mission control， a team members voice was unclear with noise over the intercom （内部通话系统）， indicating a loss of signal.

The probe had crashed into the asteroid at around 14，000 miles per hour. Now DART is at rest on the surface of Dimorphos. Thats exactly what NASA had hoped for. Cheers and congratulations rang out through the control room at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory （JHUAPL） in Maryland.

“Weve worked on this mission for at least seven years now，” said Elena Adams， the DART system engineer at JHUAPL， continuing “to see it so beautifully concluded today was just an incredible feeling—and also， incredibly tiring.”

Unlike the rest of NASAs deep space fleet of robots， DART was doomed （毁灭） by design. Its the first test of a planetary defense technology that could one day help protect the Earth from a wandering asteroid or comet by deliberately striking it and sending it off course. DART was launched in November 2021 on a carefully planned striking course to an asteroid pair， known as Didymos and Dimorphos. Its track was set and monitored by artificial intelligence without the ability to course correct from the team at Johns Hopkins， which designed， developed and managed the craft.

“Were setting out on a new era of humankind. An era in which， we， potentially have the capability to protect ourselves from a dangerous， risky asteroid impact，” said Lori Glaze， NASAs Planetary Science Division director.

1. What was DART intended to do？

A. Explore a planet. B. Strike an asteroid.

C. Probe the universe. D. Broadcast football matches.

2. Why did the asteroid look larger on the probes camera？

A. The probe moved faster. B. The camera dropped.

C. The probe drew nearer. D. The camera was broken.

3. What did Lori Glaze say about the success of DART？

A. It was accidental. B. It was significant.

C. It was surprising. D. It was rational.

4. Where can we find the text most probably？

A. In a newspaper. B. In a history book.

C. In a science fiction novel. D. In a fashion magazine.

The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter （直徑） of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes， we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much farther away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy （仙女座星系） located 2.5 million light years away， and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space， we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes？

The Hubble Space Telescope （HST） was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope （JWST） in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built， and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.

The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation （CMBR）. CMBR can be thought of as the echo of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR， gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380，000 years after the Big Bang， and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.

5. Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy？

A. To present the origin of the universe. B. To stress space pollution is severe.

C. To say our vision range is too limited. D. To prove humans wonderful view of space.

6. What can we learn about JWST according to Paragraph 2？

A. It was launched in 2022.

B. It is more advanced than HST.

C. It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang.

D. It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies.

7. What does the underlined word “dense” in the last paragraph mean？

A. Distant. B. Rare. C. Tiny. D. Thick.

8. What is the best title for the text？

A. How Far Can Humans See in Space？ B. How Will JWST Be Applied？

C. How Will Humans Explore Space？ D. How Far Can JWST See？

完形填空

Space is a dangerous place， not only because of meteors （流星） but also because of rays from the Sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our 1 blanket on the Earth. Light gets through， and this is 2 for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat， too， makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet （紫外線的） rays get into the 3 . Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space， but 4 amounts of radiation from the Sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere， they are 5 to this radiation， but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft， if they are inside， do 6 a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known 7 to explorers in space. Doses （剂量） of radiation are 8 in units called “rem （雷姆）”. We all 9 radiation here on the Earth from the Sun， from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The 10 dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirem; it 11 according to where you live， and this is a very rough 12 . Scientists have reason to think that a man can 13 up with far more radiation without being damaged; the figure of 60 rem has been agreed. The trouble is that it is extremely 14 to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well. We 15 do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere.

1. A. protective B. accustomed C. simulated D. awesome

2. A. unexceptional B. invisible C. curious D. essential

3. A. environment B. atmosphere C. space D. Earth

4. A. harmless B. various C. enormous D. proper

5. A. shown B. attached C. led D. exposed

6. A. prevent B. submit C. fetch D. deliver

7. A. shadow B. danger C. benefit D. helmet

8. A. used B. suspended C. measured D. removed

9. A. receive B. guess C. bring D. see

10. A. low B. large C. fixed D. normal

11. A. varies B. spreads C. converts D. weakens

12. A. balance B. estimate C. purpose D. stress

13. A. keep B. come C. put D. catch

14. A. important B. scientific C. fantastic D. difficult

15. A. accidentally B. simply C. partly D. tragically

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：太空生活。要求运用本单元的核心知识，结合你所了解的太空知识，合理想象，构思你自己的太空生活日志，包括所经历的事情、感受以及看法等。

建议体裁：应用文（日志）

注意事项：按时间的先后顺序描述在太空中的生活，注意详略得当。另见下表：

话题太空生活

体裁日志

人称第一人称

常用时态一般过去时（描述在太空中的生活）

题例导学

题目

假如你有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目，已经在太空生活了几天。请你用英语写一篇日志，向地球上的朋友简单介绍你在太空第一天的生活场景，包括吃饭、锻炼、睡觉等方面。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

思路引导1·要点分析

1. 描述在太空中的生活：吃饭、锻炼、睡觉等方面。

2. 感受或看法：有趣、难忘、有收获等。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 在地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中也会变得非常困难。（straightforward， can）

2. 我开始吃早餐，包括一些面包和一袋果汁。（be composed of）

3. 我不得不拿一根吸管来喝果汁。（have to， fetch）

4. 我需要锻炼一段时间。（work out）

5. 毫无疑问，我需要把睡袋绑在墙上。（There is/was never any doubt that…）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

Sunday 7 July

There being no gravity， the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space.

After getting up， I began to have breakfast， which was composed of some bread and a bag of fruit juice. I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice. Having worked for two hours， I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong. I tied my feet to a special machine so that I wouldnt float away. When it comes to sleeping， there was never any doubt that I needed to tie my sleeping bag to the wall to have a good sleep.

Living in space is rather difficult but fun. I enjoy it very much.

话题表达

假如今天是2050年6月20日，星期六。你们学校组织了一次去火星的旅行。在火星上你们到处参观，举行聚会，与外星人交流……总之，你们玩得很愉快。请根据以上材料写一篇日志，描述你这一天的火星之旅。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1. set foot 登上；踏上

2. become 习惯（于）

3.ones heart ones mouth 某人的心跳到了嗓子眼儿