Unit 4 Everyday economics

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎训练

单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1.John looked b and said he had no idea what I was talking about.

2.She likes comparing prices before she makes a p .

3.Mary g us across the busy road to the museum yesterday.

4.A b is an extra amount of money that is added to someones pay， usually because he or she has worked very hard.

5.I felt （头晕目眩的） when I looked down from the top of the television tower.

6.Believe in your （潜力） and study hard， and you will surely achieve your dream.

7.He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her （额头）.

8.Luckily his disease was discovered in an early （阶段）.

选择填空 用方框中所给短语填空。

a world away from as to end up row upon row start out

1. She offered no explanation why she had left so suddenly.

2. Nearer in sight are grey housetops and farther on stand of buildings.

3. His new luxury house was the tiny house where he was born.

4. If you try to remember everything， you will remembering nothing.

5. Most successful business owners do not as successes. They also make progress step by step.

课文语法填空

Surrounded by roses as she was growing up， Zhang Yue 1 （pay） them little attention. It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning 2 （visit） her parents that Zhang realized the potential.

Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses， 3 surprised many people. She is not the only young person who 4 （bite） by the start-up bug. All over the world， an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses， as the growing economy creates more 5 （opportunity）. A few， like Zhang Yue， find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support 6 more experienced business people.

As someone who grew up in the country， Zhang already knew about growing plants. However， like any 7 （entrepreneurial） who was just starting out， she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome 8    number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.

9 （see） her peers who also dream of success and independence， Zhang has mixed feelings. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit， she advises that people be realistic and seek 10 （guide） from expert consultants before rushing into things.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

阅读理解

Maijlis Jonsson is a 73-year-old living in the centre of Swedens capital Stockholm. She leads an active life with her friends， traveling around the city and meeting in coffee shops. However， one issue causes her stress.

Sweden has been steadily moving towards a completely cashless society for a number of years. Cash is now used in less than one in five of all cash transactions （交易） in stores—half the number as five years ago. The law says shops can refuse to accept cash. Life can be hard for those unwilling or unable to adapt to the changes. Not everyone hates cash. Maijlis Jonsson is one such person. She must go to a bank in order to pay her friend back for a train ticket bought digitally. “I just dont know how to do it.”

Niklas Arvidsson， Swedens leading expert on the payment system， acknowledges that some people are in danger of being left behind， like the elderly. “Weve also got a problem with smaller businessmen in rural areas where perhaps the telecommunication systems are not working，” he says.

Is Sweden benefiting from all this？ According to Arvidsson， it is. “Electronic transactions are quicker and cost less in general and make the payment system more efficient.” He also points out that “it is a little bit more difficult in general for the people to get away with not paying taxes or making small thefts without cash.”

Of course， with an increase in digital transactions， the question of data security comes into play. As we freefall through an increasingly virtual world—and payments over the cloud instead of payments with paper—who has access to our information？ It is a global problem with no easy solution.

But Arvidsson remains largely positive about cashless transactions. “Its like a virtual infrastructure （基礎设施） is being built... if a highway or a railroad has the capacity to bring people in business closer and increase output， the same thing will happen with technology. I really do believe that once the technology genie is out of the bottle， how do you put it back？”

1. What upsets Maijlis Jonsson？

A. Paying without using cash.          B. Owing her friend some money.

C. Meeting someone in a coffee shop.  D. Knowing little about the mobile phone.

2. What is the advantage of digital transactions according to Arvidsson？

A. It reduces some illegal acts.          B. It allows people pay less taxes.

C. It improves telecommunication systems. D. It saves the cost of printing paper money.

3. What is the problem of digital transactions？

A. It charges extra fees.            B. It stimulates overspend.

C. It threatens data security.        D. It affects the computer system.

4. How does Arvidsson show the importance of technology？

A. By using study results.      B. By providing examples.

C. By making a comparison.    D. By quoting a famous saying.

阅读七选五

Anyone who has children has likely heard “Im bored！” too many times. When youre on a budget， it can be tough to think of ways to entertain the family that dont cost a lot of money. 1

Head to the library， and not just check out books. Look at the librarys community events calendar. Most libraries have everything from story times for children to game nights for teens.

2

Camp in a national forest or build a sandcastle. A lot of the sites are free to use， though they do lack facilities. 3 If theres no beach nearby， do the same in the sandbox at a playground.

4 Most cities have at least one local community center. There， you can pick up a park and recreation schedule， with information on free events taking place throughout the year， such as hikes， holiday parties， art festivals， outdoor movies and concerts in the park.

Tour the fire station. Most firefighters will give you and your kids a free tour， as long as you call and schedule it ahead of time. 5 For safety reasons， fire stations do not generally admit children under the age of four.

Check out a state park. Stop by the ranger station （公园管理处） and ask about free programs for kids， such as nature walks and hands-on science classes. Some parks have junior ranger badges  children can earn by completing conservation-related activities.

A. Visit the local community center.

B. Go to the beach and build a sandcastle.

C. Spend more time to find more free information.

D. The time when children visit is very important.

E. Kids can learn about fire safety and tour the facilities.

F. Many libraries also have enrichment classes offered free of charge.

G. Fortunately， there are many options available to you if you know where to look.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基礎训练

單句语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.You must learn to analyze their opinions because everyones opinion is （subject）.

2.The two policemen were completely trusted， in fact they were.

3.Students should avoid allowing their personal feelings to interfere their study.

4.The factory was closed because it went debt.

5.To the surprise of the little boy， the door opened （automatic） as he approached.

6.Huaweis leading position in 5G technology is the result of years of technological （accumulate）.

7.As we know， there is widespread （discriminate） against older people in the job market.

8. Moving house put a severe pressure on our （financial）.

用适当的关系词填空

1.The dogs were trained by their masters had much experience of caring for animals.

2.Self-driving is a new field China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

3. Mary， sister I shared a room with at college， has gone to work in Germany.

4. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded？

5. The result was not the same as they had expected， was rather disappointing.

用适当的关系词完成句子

1. 他们住在一栋高楼里，在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。

They live in a tall building， .

2. 组里共有60人，其中有一半是流动工人。

There are 60 people in the group， migrant workers.

3. 结果他很成功，这超出了我们的期望。

He turned out to be very successful， .

4. 我学习的学校离家很远。

The school is far from my home.

5. 这就是去年建成的那家博物馆吗？

Is this the museum ？

完形填空

Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers agree that public access to raw data would promote science， most are 1 to post the results of their own labors online.

Historically， scientists have 2 sharing for many reasons： it is a lot of 3 ; until recently， good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been 4 to agree on standards for formatting （格式化） data， and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

But the 5 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data 6 . Last year， the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as 7     preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information， and the scientific community is 8 that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand， services are springing up to make it easier to 9     research products digitally and enable other researchers to discover and cite （引用） them.

Researchers who share get plenty of personal 10 including more connections with colleagues， 11 visibility and increased citations. The most successful 12 —those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed， and their work gets used. 13 ， one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 14 5，700 times. “Id much prefer to have my date used by the 15 number of people to ask their own questions，” co-author Amy Zanne says. “Its important to 16 readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 17 .”

Even people whose 18 are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can 19 them， scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves， thus avoiding 20 later on.

1. A. restricted B. unwilling C. desperate D. generous

2. A. longed for B. appealed to  C. focused on D. went against

3. A. damage B. money  C. work D. talk

4. A. useful B. common  C. difficult D. nice

5. A. reports B. barriers C. advantages D. results

6. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public

7. A. private B. royal C. creative D. natural

8. A. doubting B. recognizing C. guessing D. determining

9. A. sell B. prove C. buy D. publish

10. A. goods B. fund C. benefits D. information

11. A. improved B. reduced C. influenced D. changed

12. A. reviewers B. sharers C. writers D. users

13. A. On the contrast B. As a result C. For example D. After all

14. A. downloaded B. updated C. finished D. addressed

15. A. particular B. maximum C. average D. estimated

16. A. force B. get C. gather D. allow

17. A. effective B. meaningful C. reproducible D. right

18. A. data B. files C. food D. suggestions

19. A. praise B. understand C. protect D. admire

20. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflict

語法填空

Many families in the United States have a 1 （large） income now than ever before， but people are finding it difficult 2 （make） ends meet anyway.

Why isnt a dollar worth as much as it used to be？ Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay 3 the necessities of life. For many years now， the cost of living has increased 4 （great）， so the value of the dollar has decreased.

No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps 5 （increase）， but economists believe that workers and producers can make 6 （price） go up. As workers earn money， they have more money to spend， so they demand more goods. If there is 7 demand for certain goods， the prices of these goods go up. At the same time， if theres a 8 （short） of goods， the prices also increase.

Families need to know 9 happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living， so many people plan a family budget. Budgeting 10 （help） you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

短文改错

With the development of technology， intelligence robots will be widely used in the future. In families， robots will help people do some houseworks. In addition on these tasks， robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people. In factories， robots were going to be used to perform some dangerous jobs to avoid accidents. Robots will change our future life in much ways， which will make more colorful and comfortable. And we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much， for they are made to help humans rather than replacing us. As helpers of humans， robots should be used proper.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基础训练

单词填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.He was so that he cried with anger and . In fact， its healthier to release feelings than to bottle them up. （frustrate）

2.The Red Cross food and clothing to people in trouble. The of food and clothing helps them go through difficulties. （distribute）

3.She a large fortune after years of hard work， and the process was full of bitterness. （accumulate）

4.Now he is in difficulties so he is still dependent on her parents.  （finance）

5.Her latest were designer clothes， which in Italy. （purchase）

6.We were lucky to by a policeman， under whose we managed to find the bus stop. （guide）

單句表达 根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1. 一些植物对温度如此敏感，以至于它们只能在凉爽的地方存活，这是自然界常有的事。（as is often the case）

_____________________________________________________________________

2. 一个最基本的事实是你需要工作来保证最基本的开销。（make ends meet）

_____________________________________________________________________

3. 不管你同意与否，我都要独自去那里。（whether引导让步状语从句）

_____________________________________________________________________

4. 他经常向我请教学习英语的方法。（consult sb about sth）

_____________________________________________________________________

5. 她使用不同的方法來鼓励学生发挥出他们的潜能。（achieve ones potential）

_____________________________________________________________________

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句，并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

purchase interfere have the potential to as to in the hope of

What if...？ whether... or... What is in no doubt is that...

阅读理解

A

In recent years， China is fast developing a reputation as a great coffee producer. “Coffee has huge potential in China，” says Liu Ying， who is working in private investment in Beijing to grow coffee in Puer five years ago. “The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea.”

Still， Puer is a synonym of tea. It is a region of China known for thousands of years of tea growing. Now， a new crop is beginning to change the countrys landscape： coffee. This town near the Laos border is surrounded by green hills; it produces Puer tea. And the regions mild climate is also perfect for growing Arabica coffee. And as Chinas young people move away from traditional tea in favor of the invigorating coffee， Puers farmers are catering to the demand. Yunnan accounts for 98% of Chinas coffee harvest， with half coming from the misty landscape around Puer.

With global coffee prices at record lows， Yunnan farmers are processing beans in bespoke （定制的） ways to create distinct flavors—allowing them to enter the market of specialty coffee. “At current coffee prices， I cant even feed my family，” says the farmer Yang. “My only way out is to produce specialty coffee， to make the best coffee beans.” That means letting beans dry in their cherries， thus producing a wild， fruity flavor， or allowing them to “honey” in their sugary inner layer， which adds a slight sweetness.

“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee， nobody would argue with me，” says Samuel Gurel， CEO of Puers Torch Coffee Roasters， as Yang breaks into laughter. “Its a great example of how Chinese coffee is evolving.”

1. What does the underlined word “synonym” in Paragraph 2 mean？

A. Company.  B. Future.  C. Symbol.  D. Farmland.

2. What is the favorable factor of planting Arabica coffee according to the text？

A. The rich soil.    B. The mild climate.

C. The excellent machine.  D. The water in Puer.

3. What does Samuel Gurel think of Yangs coffee beans？

A. He is worried about it.  B. He thinks highly of it.

C. He doubts its future. D. He shows special interest in it.

4. What can be inferred from the text？

A. Coffee is gaining ground in China.

B. Bespoke coffee in Yunnan has a similar flavor.

C. Coffee is replacing Puer tea in Yunnan Province.

D. China has become a top coffee producer in the world.

B

Over the past decade， digital payment has taken off—swiping your credit card on a machine or having the QR code （二維码） on your smart phone scanned have become normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich countries. That will make the economy more efficient， but it also brings new problems.

Countries are getting rid of cash at different speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transactions （交易） per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. Cash accounts for just 6% of purchases by value in Norway. Britain is probably four or six years behind it. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world， cash is still the king. However， in China， digital payment rose from 4% of all kinds of payment in 2012 to 34% in 2017.

Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand—younger consumers want to enjoy their digital lives with payment systems. But equally important， suppliers such as banks and tech firms are developing fast， easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees.

In general， the future of a cashless economy is excellent news. When cash payment disappears， people and shops are less likely to be stolen. Besides， digitalization greatly expands the playground of small businesses by enabling them to sell beyond their borders. It also creates a credit history， helping consumers borrow. Yet it is not without problems. Electronic payment systems may suffer technical failures， network theft and cyber attacks. Whats more， in a cashless economy， the poor， the elderly and some of the country folk may be left behind.

5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us？

A. Britain is fast in getting rid of cash. B. America has less digital payments than Norway.

C. Sweden is in a cashless society. D. Cashless economy develops differently worldwide.

6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？

A. The ways of digital payments.        B. The effects of cash dying out.

C. The reasons for cash being used less. D. The importance of digital payment.

7. How many problems are mentioned about digital payment？

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. A Cashless Society        B. The Rising of Digital Payment

C. A History of Cash        D. The Development of Science Technologies

完形填空

Over the past 10 years， Chen Jinying， 90， has paid off 20.77 million yuan to her lenders. Chen used to be a doctor and she discovered there was a 1 market for down coats （羽绒服） for elderly people， so after she retired in the early 1990s， she 2 up her own company. Her business  3 for the first few years and she was also active in public welfare， 4 570，000 yuan for elderly people. But in 2011， the company 5 poor sales. She was forced to 6 her factories.

In 2012， Chen rented a factory to produce down coats， 7 sales would turn better. But the stock piled up and she even had no money to pay her workers， so she 8 production in 2016. Some people 9 she apply for bankruptcy （破产） to avoid going into debt， but she 10 to do so. “I will try my best to pay off the debt otherwise I wont feel 11 ，” Chen said.

Chens story gained media 12 . People were moved and came to her aid. When asked if she 13 about having so much debt， she replied with a smile. “I have to keep myself healthy so I have the 14 to pay back the loans. People cared for me， and I want to 15 that care.”

1. A. promising B. terrible C. crowded D. noisy

2. A. took B. ended C. set D. picked

3. A. ran down B. went well C. kept on D. suffered badly

4. A. paying B. making C. saving D. donating

5. A. encountered B. watched C. controlled D. stimulated

6. A. rent B. rebuild C. reduce D. sell

7. A. predicting B. hoping C. knowing D. imagining

8. A. stopped B. needed C. continued D. advertised

9. A. believed B. doubted C. suggested D. demanded

10. A. failed B. refused C. prepared D. hesitated

11. A. confident B. nervous C. comfortable D. tired

12. A. attention B. resistance C. aid D. exposure

13. A. forgot B. thought C. talked D. worried

14. A. luck B. ability C. idea D. courage

15. A. pass on B. give away C. account for D. put down

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：无现金支付。要求学生关注和理解日常生活中的经济现象，运用本单元的核心知识，写一篇文章说明无现金支付的现象，并表达自己的观点。

建议体裁：议论文。

注意事项：结合生活实例，正确地表达自己的观点，逻辑清晰。另见下表：

话题 无现金支付

体裁 议论文

人称 第三人称和第一人称

常用时态 一般现在时（说明现象和表达自己的观点）

题例导学

题目

假定你是李华，某英文报社正在就“刷脸支付 （face-scanning payment） 的利弊”这一话题进行征文。请你用英语写一篇短文并投稿。内容包括：

1. 分析利弊；

2. 你的观点。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

思路引导1·要点分析

1. 刷脸支付的优势：方便快捷、不需要带钱包和现金等；

2. 刷脸支付的弊端：人脸识别系统有安全隐患、个人信息泄露等；

3. 你的观点：结合自身实际，表达自己的看法。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 如今，刷脸支付正处于上升阶段。（at the… phase）

2. 顾客不需要任何指导或现金。（guidance）

3. 这比传统的支付更方便。（convenient， conventional）

4. 刷臉支付有很好的发展前景。（have potential to do sth）

5. 使用刷脸支付通常会有折扣优惠。（financial）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

Nowadays， face-scanning payment is at the rising phase.

As for its advantages， the payment can be completed quickly， which avoids waiting in line for a lone time. Besides， customers need no guidance or cash. It is more convenient than conventional payment.

When it comes to its disadvantages， the most worrying thing is that face recognition hasnt reached 100% accuracy， which might lead to payment risks. In addition， customers personal information may be revealed illegally.

Personally， the payment has great potential to develop. It has won over consumers with its convenience. And there are often financial discounts if you use face-scanning payment.

话题表达

假定你是李华，你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以“Non-cash Payment”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1. 简要介绍non-cash payment；

2. 优点和缺点；

3. 你的看法。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Non-cash Payment

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1. take a 深吸一口气

2. in of 希望……

3. seek 向……寻求指导

4. row row 一排又一排

5. make 使收支相抵

6. interfere 妨碍，阻止

7. go 陷入债务之中，负债

8. the... bug；对……着迷

9. at the 以损害……为代价

10. the case 这是常有的事

11. be 对……有益

12. away from 完全不同于……

13. start 着手做

14. response 对……的回应

15. at rock-bottom 以最低的价格

16. do favour 进一步帮助

17. as 至于；关于

18. be to 受……影响/支配

19. be to 优于/胜过……

20. rent 出租

句型

1. “名词＋现在分词”独立主格结构

They stared back， （他们面无表情） as to what they would say next.

2. It is （was）... that... 强调句

（直到那时） the locals began to believe me.

3. what引导名词性从句

Nonetheless， （毫无疑问） is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.

4. “not without”双重否定结构

But the sharing economy is （不是没有问题）.

5. what if...？句型

And （如果你在一个地方……将会怎么样呢） without Internet access or your phone battery dies？

6. whether... or...

（不管我们是出借人还是借用人）， its a win-win situation.

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识，就“经济发展与我们的生活”的话题，谈谈我们身边的某种经济发展给我们的生活带来的改变。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. As is known to all， ...

2. On the one hand， ...

3. It can be beneficial to...

4. In my opinion， it will contribute to...