Unit 5 Into the unknown

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基础训练

单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1.Landing on Mars may inspire more people to learn about science and a .

2.My brother b himself in his studies when in high school and as a result he entered his ideal university.

3.A c is a human society with its own social organisation and culture.

4.Those suggestions shouldnt be d without thinking about them.

5.The two （运河） have proved useful to the county in many ways.

6.One dead man was found in the （廢墟） almost two hours after the explosion.

7. （离弃） a child under two years old is a crime.

8.The remarkable （扩大） of public high schools from 1900 to 1920 was very important.

选择填空 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

all the more at ones peak correspond to fall into ruin on top of

1.A large number of churches after the earthquake.

2.The wing of a bird the arm of a man.

3.Jenny likes the book for its beautiful illustrations.

4.As we know， the Tang Dynasty was in the early 8th century.

5. it being dark， it rained， which made the going even difficult.

课文语法填空

Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age， 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible 1 （discover） from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this， he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city 2 （bury） deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it shows 3 powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.

It isnt difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America， Maya civilisation 4 （surround） by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 5 （impress） palaces and temples， 6 （include） their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built

7 the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power. The Mayas understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was 8 achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters， with some signs representing animals， people and objects and others representing 9 （syllable）. It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one has been able 10 （interpret） it completely.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

閱读理解

The Mayan Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years. The Maya were so bright that they achieved a lot. They had farms， temples and cities with many buildings. They knew much about nature and the world around them. This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time.

In ancient Mexico there were many small clearings （林中空地） in the forest. In each clearing was a village with fields of crops around it. The Maya planted seeds after they cleared the land. A farmer was able to grow crops that produced for several people. But not every Maya had to be a farmer. Some were builders or priests.

The Maya believed in many gods. They built large temples to honor them. Skillful workers built cities around these temples. It was difficult because they had to carry all of the building materials themselves. Today， many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.

Although the Maya worked hard to build the beautiful cities， very few of them lived in them. Usually， only the priests lived in the cities. The other people lived in small villages in the forests. Their houses were much simpler. Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.

Around the year 800， the Maya left their villages and beautiful cities， never to return. No one knows why this happened. They may have died from a deadly disease. They may have left because the soil could no longer grow crops. The lost secrets of the Maya are still beyond the reach of modern people. They are still one of our greatest mysteries.

1. Why did the Maya live better than most people of their times？

A. They had skillful workers. B. They believed in many gods.

C. They knew well about nature. D. They could measure time correctly.

2. What can be inferred about the ancient Mayan people？

A. They seldom respect the priests. B. They died out from a serious disease.

C. They led a happy life in the cities. D. They were good at building cities and temples.

3. What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to？

A. The Mayan cities. B. The Mayan people.

C. The villages of the Maya. D. The lost secrets of the Maya.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Mysterious Maya C. The Ancient Mexico

C. The Incredible Belief D. The Odd Buildings

阅读七选五

We live surrounded by advanced technology. 1 We can get the information we want immediately over the Internet. With various technologies surrounding us， its easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.

Actually， all of our modern things are based on older technologies. Ancient people didnt necessarily have steel or wheels or， electronic communication. Yet， they built monument （纪念碑） even bigger than Stonehenge. 2 And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids—with huge mystery rooms inside.

3 The first “kitchen” flames were still older. Ancient human relatives cooked food over fires in Europe 800，000 years ago. The first spear-throwers （投矛器） threw their weapons 279，000 years ago—before modern humans existed.

At first， scientists long believed that the ancients who lived 80，000 years ago were the first to throw spears with stone tips. Then came the discovery of 279，000-year-old stone spear tips in Ethiopia. These pushed the date back. 4

Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and built their cities and monuments. 5 They are also recreating ancient techniques themselves—from rolling pyramid rocks to testing out ancient tar （瀝青） recipes. They detect mystery holes in Great Pyramid of Giza： Using high-tech tools normally reserved for particle-physics research， scientists have found a large hidden hole inside Egypts Great Pyramid of Giza. They have made some great discoveries， but they know there are still a lot of things waiting to be discovered.

A. Ancient people were really clever.

B. Not all of these technologies do good to people.

C. They also raised huge stone heads on Easter Island.

D. For example， there are very tall buildings and spaceships.

E. They use modern technologies to explore the ancient places.

F. Not all of advanced technologies were limited to modern people.

G. And it has been suggested that even prehuman species hunted with spears.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

单句语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Without any map， their ship eventually hit a（n） （chart） rock.

2. make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.

3.The police have completed their （investigate） into the accident.

4.The main question is we ought to call in a family doctor or not.

5.Jason （shrink） back against the wall as he heard the enemies approaching.

6.Bob forced himself （subdue） and overcome his fears.

7.Adam always works hard in spite of the fact he is not in good health.

8.Bored with the conversation， Lisa （retreat） to her bedroom last night.

同义句转换 结合名词性从句的用法转换下列句子。

1.Most Chinese people are concerned about air pollution nowadays.

most Chinese people are concerned about nowadays.

2.The reason why she won the Nobel Prize is that she discovered a new treatment for that disease.

She discovered a new treatment for that disease. That is .

3.How does the English language work？ All these listening lessons can allow you to learn it.

All these listening lessons can allow you to learn .

4.Do you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag？ That is the main question.

you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.

5.Who was involved in the conversation？ Alice declined to announce it.

Alice declined to announce .

补全句子 根据汉语句意，用名词性从句补全句子。

1. 小偷們匆匆逃走，确实让房子的主人非常无助。

really made the owner of the house helpless.

2. Tim不明白为什么公司在雇用他之前要调查他。

Tim didnt understand before they employed him.

3. 这就是昨天Bob能成功避开麻烦的原因。

That was successfully yesterday.

4. 我们确实相信开工之前试水是有必要的。

We do believe before starting the work.

5. 地理老师问学生们是否对不为人知的地方感兴趣。

The geography teacher asked the students .

完形填空

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two different systems on the whole.

The origin of the eastern culture is 1 from two countries： China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated （孕育） by 2 . In China， the mother river is the Yellow River， 3 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures have 4 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in the Tang Dynasty of China， the Chinese culture 5 went overseas to Japan，    6 into the Japanese society and 7 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one， it 8 to the same cultural system.

When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture， another famous culture was 9 on the Mesopotamian Plain： the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the 10 of the European culture. Like the Chinese 11 ， the European one is also 12 to waters. When the colonists （殖民者） of England 13 in America， their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesnt 14 from the European one a lot.

At the same time， the 15 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East， most languages belong to the pictographic （象形文字的） languages while the Western languages are 16 based on the Latin system.

Other 17 like human race difference counts as well. However， 18 the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West， the two cultures seldom 19 until recent centuries. 20 ， they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.

1. A. mainly B. merely C. truly D. finally

2. A. mountains B. plains C. lakes D. rivers

3. A. or B. for C. while D. when

4. A. developed B. improved C. originated D. protected

5. A. suddenly B. quietly C. gradually D. naturally

6. A. changed B. mixed C. made D. turned

7. A. defended B. interrupted C. ended D. shaped

8. A. comes B. belongs C. brings D. adds

9. A. brought up B. carried out C. given out D. picked up

10. A. result B. sign C. base D. content

11. A. saying B. climate C. language D. culture

12. A. used B. harmful C. related D. similar

13. A. joined up B. settled down C. broke down D. went up

14. A. date B. suffer C. result D. differ

15. A. distinction B. contact C. appearance D. collection

16. A. properly B. hardly C. simply D. mostly

17. A. benefits B. factors C. thoughts D. meanings

18. A. as to B. due to C. in terms of D. in case of

19. A. transform B. display C. communicate D. expand

20. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However

語法填空

It is reported that the “Monster of Lake Tianchi” is back after several recent 1 （sighting）. The director of a local tourist office said the monster seemed to be black in colour， and jumped out of the water like a seal. Though no one 2 （real） got a clear look at the 3 （mystery） creature， a local photographer claimed that its head looked like a horse. A group of soldiers claimed they saw an animal，    4 was greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns， swimming for about two minutes. Li Xiaohe claimed to have caught sight of a round black creature 5 （move） quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. There 6 （be） reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century. Many people think the monster may be 7 distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists， 8 ， are sceptical （怀疑的）. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures. Lake Tianchi is the 9 （high） lake in the world and 10 （cover） an area of about ten square kilometres.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎训练

单词填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Having finished the spending habits of teenagers， the professor presented the results of the to the university. （investigate）

2.The ancient of Central and Latin America were founded upon corn and people there made an effort to create a society. （civilise）

3.Student numbers rapidly now， so the university is busy dealing with the unexpected of student population. （expand）

4.Although there are plans for more oil， the working standard of the is still under discussion. （drill）

5.The baby by its mother， who didnt understand how bad the was. （abandon）

6.Bill wanted to be an because he started to be interested in observations when he was very young. （astronomy）

单句表达 根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1. 对于船员来说，这是个扬帆出海的好时机。（set sail）

2. 我一直在考虑怎样才能让我们的杂志更有趣。（how引导名词性从句作方式状语）

3. 这个设计简陋的网站提供了进入宝贵数据库的窗口。（offer a window into）

4. 你必须要做的是马上休息。（what引导主语从句）

5. 你点头就等于说“赞同”。（be equivalent to）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句，并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

upwards substance hold the record beyond the reach of

continue to do  either… or… Its argued that… Its more likely that…

阅读理解

A

The ocean is one of the most interesting and breathtaking places on the entire planet. The ocean has witnessed a variety of disappearances and other mysteries， most of which cannot and have not been explained by modern science. Here are some interesting unsolved sea mysteries of the world.

USS Scorpion

In May 1968， USS Scorpion， an American submarine， departed from Norfolk， Virginia， on its way towards the Mediterranean. The crew had almost a decade of experience， and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor. There were 99 men aboard the sub， all of whom lost their lives.

Baltic Sea Sub

In the later half of 2014， a mysterious vessel was spotted by Swedish citizens， many of whom described it as a Russian submarine， in the Baltic Sea. The military spent much time in investigating， but found no sign of the mysterious sub.

Bermeja Island

During the 1970s， the Bermeja Island served as a bit of a marker for Mexico and its economic zone. Around 20 years later， the island disappeared without any sign. Along with the island， numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.

Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck

In 2001， ExxonMobil was laying the pipeline （输油管道） in the Gulf of Mexico when people ran into a shipwreck around 2，600 feet under the surface. Upon exploring the shipwreck， archaeologists

（考古学家） believed it to be a terrible spell （咒语）， as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald

Lake Superior is so large that it behaves like an inland ocean， including terrific storms. In November 1975， one such storm struck the vessel SS Edmund Fitzgerald， which was headed for Detroit. The Fitzgerald disappeared after communications were lost. A week later， a sonar ship found the vessel 500 feet under the water. Nobody was found， though.

1. What is the fact about the sub of USS Scorpion？

A. It lost its way right after departure. B. It disappeared in the Mediterranean.

C. 99 men died before boarding it. D. It had experienced crew.

2. What do people think Baltic Sea Sub and Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck have in common？

A. Both the names of the vessels are unknown. B. Both are highly put on a bad spell.

C. Both are said to be Russian vessels. D. Both are found on the beach.

3. Which mystery is a different kind from the others？

A. Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck. B. SS Edmund Fitzgerald.

C. Bermeja Island. D. USS Scorpion.

B

It seems we cant get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASAs money is spent on manned space exploration. Weve seen all we can see on Earth， right？ Wrong. The final place is here， under the surface of the sea.

When we are heading down into the ocean， human limits are quickly reached. At a depth of 200 metres， the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines would implode （內爆） before they reach 1 km down. At a depth of 3 km—still less than the average depth of the ocean—theres a good chance that youll discover a new species. The deepest diving whales go no further. At the very bottom， about 11 km down， lies the Challenger Deep， the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve humans have walked on the Moon， but only three have seen the Challenger Deep with their own eyes.

Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale， the largest creature known on the planet.

In the late 1990s， a deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean， and passing 4，000 metres， it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised？ Dont be. The ocean covers 71% of the planets surface and weve studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.

One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important， but robots can look under the dry rock on Mars better than humans. Theyre absolutely important for doing ocean research too， but they cant look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising， but the results would benefit all our lives.

Perhaps now its time to begin a new period of sea exploration. Manned exploration of space is science fiction. The adventure in the deep sea is a science fact.

4. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？

A. Sea exploration is no easy task.

B. Nuclear submarines need to be improved.

C. The ocean is far deeper than people expected.

D. The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.

5. What can we know about the Challenger Deep？

A. Blue whales live there. B. No one has ever been there.

C. People are terrified at the sight of it. D. It is the deepest known location in the ocean.

6. What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean？

A. It isnt successful. B. It isnt surprising. C. Its breathtaking. D. Its worrying.

7. What does the author want to tell us？

A. Space exploration is of great importance. B. We spend too much money on space travel.

C. The ocean is where we should make efforts. D. We are greatly successful in doing ocean research.

完形填空

Once upon a time， a group of businessmen were sailing on the Atlantic Ocean. They 1 lots of American goods back to Paris， but 2 a terrible thunderstorm， both the men and ship 3 into the Atlantic Ocean as well as their goods.

The only 4 of the shipwreck was washed up on a small， 5 island. He just then prayed 6 that someone would rescue him， and every day he watched the 7 for help， but none seemed forthcoming. 8 ， he eventually managed to build a little hut （小木屋） out of driftwood to 9 him from bad weather， and to store his few possessions. But then one day， after searching for food， he arrived home to 10 his little hut on fire， the smoke rolling up to the sky. The worst had happened; everything was lost. He was shocked with 11 and anger. “God， how could you do this to me？” he cried.

Early the next day， 12 ， he was awakened by the 13 of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to 14 him. “How did you 15 I was here？” asked the weary man. “We saw your smoke 16 ，” the rescuers replied.

It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad. But we shouldnt lose heart， even in the midst of pain and 17 .

Remember， next time your little hut is 18 to the ground， it just may be a smoke signal that calls for help. For all the 19 things we have to say to ourselves： our world has a positive 20 to it.

1. A. developed B. transported C. raised D. bought

2. A. resulted in B. broke through C. glanced over D. came across

3. A. sinking B. sailing C. traveling D. getting

4. A. businessman B. sailor C. survivor D. worker

5. A. beautiful B. deserted C. dangerous D. comfortable

6. A. desperately B. deliberately C. directly D. modestly

7. A. horizon B. ship C. water D. island

8. A. Astonished B. Interested C. Annoyed D. Tired

9. A. prevent B. take C. shelter D. remove

10. A. set B. avoid C. find D. protect

11. A. embarrassment B. sorrow C. risk D. hesitation

12. A. anyhow B. therefore C. besides D. however

13. A. scene B. sound C. light D. appearance

14. A. rescue B. search C. join D. visit

15. A. see B. guess C. know D. recognize

16. A. evidence B. display C. gesture D. signal

17. A. suffering B. peace C. disturbance D. existence

18. A. thundering B. burning C. moving D. falling

19. A. false B. different C. negative D. common

20. A. requirement B. command C. potential D. answer

Writing

话题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：介绍一种未知现象。要求通过学习课文能口头或书面介绍一种自然界的神秘或未知现象。写作时，可重点突出这种现象如何被发现以及科学家对此的解释和所呈现的证据，同时辅以作者个人对神秘现象的认识等。

建议体裁：说明文

注意事项：用说明文介绍一种现象时，要考虑说明文写作的三要素：被说明对象的特征、说明的顺序以及说明的方法。

话题 一种神秘或未知现象 人称 第三人称为主

体裁 说明文 常用时态 一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时

题例导学

题目

下表是关于自然界之谜“百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）”的一些信息。请根据表中信息，写一篇介绍“百慕大三角”的英语短文。

地理位置 发生的怪事 人们的猜测

位于百慕大和佛罗里达之间的大西洋西部。 自1945年以来，数以百计的飞机和船只，以及一千多人在这里神秘失蹤，没留下任何痕迹。 外星人在作怪；

当地特殊的天气条件；

没人给出让人信服的理由。

注意：

1．词数100 左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：残骸 wreckage

思路引导1·要点分析

1．基本信息：名称及地理位置；

2．涉及怪事：数以百计的飞机和船只、一千多人在此神秘失踪等；

3．相关猜想：外星人、天气条件等。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1.这片区域位于百慕大和佛罗里达之间的大西洋西部，这里有一些怪事发生。（where引导的非限制性定语从句）

2.自1945年以来，数以百计的船只和飞机，以及一千多人在这里失踪。（hundreds of， vessel）

3. 人们给出许多理由来解释这些令人不安的事件。（why引导的名词性从句）

4. 其他人则认为，这可能是那里的特殊天气造成的。（被动语态）

5. 也许在未来，随着科学技术的发展，我们可以找到答案。（with the development of）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

There are many unexplained mysteries of the natural world， of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one. This is an area of the western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida， where some strange things happened. Since 1945， hundreds of vessels and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared， leaving no wreckage.

Many reasons why the disturbing incidents occurred in the area of Bermuda Triangle have been given. Some think aliens might have arrived there and taken everything away. Others believe they might be caused by special weather there. But no one can give a believable reason. Maybe in the future we can find the answer with the development of science and technology.

話题表达

假定你是李华，你的美国网友Tom给你发来邮件，想了解楼兰古城的相关情况。请根据提示，用英语给他回一封电子邮件。要点包括：

1．位于罗布泊（Lop Nor）西部，曾是古丝绸之路上的一个小国；

2．在古代丝绸之路上占有极为重要的地位；

3．公元630年神秘消失，现今只留下一片废墟。

注意：

1．词数100 左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1. to  相当于，与……相符

2. … to  把……应用到……上

3. 除……之外

4. 更加

5. at ones 在……的顶峰时期

6. ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落

7. make a 逃跑，逃走

8. 逃命

9. 调查，检查

10. 试水，试探

11. of  避开……；从……脱身

12. 不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方

13. 动身踏上（漫长的）旅途

14. throw 积极投入到……中去

15. think 再三考虑，慎重考虑

16. 避免做，不愿做

17. look 调查（问题）

18. 起航

19. to do  继续做

20. 提供一个窗口

21. be to  等同于

22. a record  保持纪录

23. of  超出……的能力

24.   最后的边界

句型

1. that引导的同位语从句

The fact （玛雅社会的技术水平是原始的） makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.

2. when引导的定语从句

Often， making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response， dating back to a time （我们的祖先为躲避危险而逃命的时代）， such as wild animals， lighting and fire.

3. when引导的时间状语从句

In more recent times， Norwegian explorer， Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth （当他在出发前往未知的领域到达南极时）…

4. There is no need to do sth.

While （我们没有必要对新情况畏首畏尾）， we should always look into things first and consider our options.

5. It is + 名词 + that…

Given our limited knowledge， （这也许不足为奇） exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识，以“大自然的未解之谜”为话题，介绍一种你所了解的神秘或未知现象。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. One of the most unexplained phenomena I am really curious about is…

2. It is/was… that…

3. The mystery offers a window into…