英文目录与摘要

TheSpiritof20thCPCNationalCongressStudies

AStudyontheConstructionofEvaluationIndexSystematthePlateauHigh-qualityEconomicDevelopmentPilotAreainTibet

Chen Pu,Yang Yabo(1)

Communist Party of China modified the pattern of Chinese high-quality development at the 20th national congress of the CPC,demonstrated the essential demands of Chinese modernization.The proposal of constructing plateau economic high-quality development pilot area in Tibet is a specific action of practicing Party’s policies of governing Tibet in the new era and concrete implement of the main ideas of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s speech during his inspection tour in Tibet.It is also an inheritance of the Party’s innovative theory and practice since the 18th National Congress of the CPC and a reflection of the new missions put forward at the 20th National Congress of the CPC.It is a systemic project to set up plateau economic high-quality development pilot area in Tibet,which needs to be evaluated by an index system.According to the theoretic analysis of development efficiency,approach,purpose,subject,motivation and environment and other denotative aspects,the authors established six first grade indexes,twenty-seven secondary indexes and one hundred and five third grade indexes in order to carry out an objective evaluation of the plateau economic high-quality development pilot area in Tibet.

RegionalEthnicAutonomySystemandtheSuccessfulPracticeofWhole-processPeople’sDemocracyinTibet

Yin Haiyan,Yu Zhikun(13)

Regional ethnic autonomy system,an important part of the achievements of Chinese socialist political civilization,is a crucial institutional arrangement of socialist whole-process people’s democracy.The establishment of regional ethnic autonomy system in Tibet is the best example of the universality and authenticity of CPC’s purpose of severing the people wholeheartedly.The democratic rights of all ethnic groups in Tibet have been well protected from political,economic,cultural,social and ecological aspects by carrying out the regional ethnic autonomy system,which promotes the development of whole-process people’s democracy.

“ForgeaSenseofCommunityfortheChineseNation”Researches

AStudyontheAttribute,MechanismandStrategyofForgingaStrongSenseofCommunityfortheChineseNation:BasedontheThreeAspectsExploringontheTransportationEvolutioninEthnicMinorityAreas

Li Guozheng(21)

The development of transportation is an important and inseparable tie in exchange,communication and integration among ethnic groups in China.This article will analyse the transportation evolution in Chinese ethnic minority areas from attribute,mechanism and strategy aspects.Analysing the its inherent attributes,the transportation evolution in Chinese ethnic minority areas has strongly spatial social potential energy,economic developing driving force,political integration function and landscape cultural efficiency in promoting national and ethnic community recognition.Generally speaking,all ethnic groups in China had gone through the process of “interaction-recognition-awareness”with the transportation evolution.Under the different mechanism and evolution pathways,these ethnic groups construct the basic orientations of forging the sense of community for the Chinese nation.According to the basic attributes and evolution mechanism of transportation in ethnic minority areas,to forge a sense of community for the Chinese nation methods such as focusing on comprehensive transportation construction and economic developing level in the ethnic minority areas,strengthening the material foundation to enhance the bind and communication among different ethnic groups,emphasising on inheriting and promoting cultures in transportation development in ethnic minority areas and digging the intellectual wealth of sense of community for the Chinese nation should be valued.

AResearchontheConnotationandPromotingPathwayAnalysisofChineseContemporary“AidingTibet”Spirit

Yang Minghong(32)

Based the on decades’ practice in aiding Tibet,General Secretary Xi Jingping put forward the concept of “Aiding Tibet Spirit” during his inspection tour in Tibet on 20th July,2021.It is an important subject to interpret the connotation and explore the promoting pathway of “Aiding Tibet Spirit”.The formation of this spirit is not only based on profound practice foundation,but also closely related to Xi Jinping’s working experience.Exploring Xi’s work track about aid to Tibet and researching the main ideas of his aiding Tibet related speeches are the scientific approaches of interpreting “Aiding Tibet Spirit”.The essence of “Aiding Tibet Spirit” is the spiritual presentation of the CPC’s lofty spirit in the practice of aiding Tibet.This “Aiding Tibet Spirit” has an important position in CPC’s spiritual genealogy.To promote the “Aiding Tibet Spirit”,it is crucial to have the character of dedication,focus on the practical action of constructing Tibet persistently and establish a long-term mechanism for practicing the “Aiding Tibet Spirit”.

PromotingtheSenseofCommunityfortheChineseNationfromthePerspectiveofCulturalTourism:TakingTibetastheExample

Yang Jie,Ma Weiming(41)

Cultural tourism is a type of tourism category and culture is the core.The function of cultural tourism is to realize the protection and development of cultural resources and to transmit and inherit cultural values.The prosperous development of tourism and its economic benefit could be fulfilled by decoding the connotations of cultures properly,presenting the art of cultures and catering the demands of business operations.As an ethnic minority and border area,Tibet should forge the sense of community for the Chinese nation through its cultural tourism.The typical issues such as “culture bias”“local culture knowledge deficiency”and “culture distortion”exist in Tibetan cultural tourism.From the perspective of features and functionary theory,this article argues that establishing an ideology to bear the community spirit,exploiting community cultural resources and creating community cultural brand could contribute to the developing goal of “shaping the local tourism with local culture and enhancing the local culture through promoting the local tourism”.

AResearchReviewoftheCulturalExchange,CommunicationandIntegrationbetweenHanandTibetanPeople

Wang Ziqi,Xu Baiyong(49)

The cultural exchanges,communications and integrations between Han and Tibetan people are important phenomena promote the prosperity and development of Chinese ethnic culture.It is a dual-way exchange process existed in the historical meetings of Han and Tibetan ethnic cultures and an integrative recognition of “Great Union”.This integrative recognition is the historical mainstream of the evolution of relations between these two ethnic groups.Chinese scholars started to research on cultural exchanges,communications and integrations between Han and Tibetan people in the early period of People’s Republic of China,and the research flourished after 1980s.Related research findings were mainly in cultural,economic and daily-life aspects.Religious studies are inseparable from cultural researches as it is the main aspect in the Han and Tibetan cultural related researches.The cultural elements in economic and daily-life aspects provide pathways for the cultural exchanges,communications and integrations between Han and Tibetan people.Although the research has constant hot topics,mature research patterns and fruitful achievements,it still needs to be further and extend researched.

TraditionalTibetoloyResearches

为便于分析，把职前教师解决数据分析问题中出现的认知错误类型分成两类：本原性错误和非本原性错误．前者主要包括数学概念理解错误和数学推理错误，而后者主要指计算错误、表征错误等不涉及数据分析本质属性的错误．从3个问题的答题情况看，存在认知错误的答卷占比46.67%，其中86.36%的认知错误属于本原性认知错误，以问题1为例，具体分析见表4．

FromTsenpotoPrince:ANewStudyonTitleof“Prince”inHehuangTuboControlledAreainSongDynasty

Liu Fengqiang(64)

The “Prince” title in He and Huang Tubo controlled areas in Song Dynasty is focused by scholars.It is because whether this “Prince” tile in He and Huang Tubo controlled areas has the meaning of “a successor of a King” has aroused discussions of scholars home and abroad.Combined with Chinese and Tibetan documents and the change meanings of Tubo’s “Tsenpo”,this “Prince” title emerged with the decline of the title of Tsenpo and it was a method of strengthening Tubo regime’s governance in Hehuang areas.This “Prince” title involved with political and religious meanings which reflects the theocratic trend in Tibetan controlled areas in Song Dynasty.

APreliminaryStudyontheSuccessionofTsenpoinTuboRegime’sHistory

Li Shifu(71)

It had aroused several crises on the succession of the Tsenpo title and the power along with it.Through theOldTibetanAnnalsand other documents,there were fierce competitions over the succession of the title of Tsenpo,such as Khi srong btsan and his brother bTsan srong,Khri lde srong btsan and his unknown brothers,Khri lde gtsugs btsan and his half-brother or uncle Lha bal po,Mu ne btsan po,Mu tig btsan po and Khri lde srong btsan,Od srung and Yum brtan after the death of btsan po Glang dar ma.The principle of “uncle and nephew rotation”(proposed by British Tibetologist Brandon Dotson) and “Relegation”(recorded inlDe’uchos’byung)played important roles in selecting new Tsenpo and eliminating unqualified candidates.However,these principles were inapplicable when the candidate and his male sibling fighting for the Tsenpo title.

AResearchontheAnalysisandInterpretationofTubo’sHistoricalDocuments:FromthePerspectivesofAttributeandSocialBackground

Dorje Phuntsok(83)

Conducting a literature review and analysis of historical documents is the basis of historical research.As far as the Tibetan historical narrative mode is concerned,social background has been always mentioned.Therefore,the research and analysis of historical documents becomes the important methods of researching Tibetan history.The concept of social history research,content,style,genre and the spearing of Tubo historical documents must be concerned when studying Tubo’s society and history.Different research factors such as attributes,contents and social backgrounds would lead to different research results.In order to explore the in-depth cultural meanings of historical documents throughout the developing process of Tibetan society,this article summarizes and analyses the Tibetan historical documents’ different narrative modes on Tubo history from the perspective of content,style,genre and social backgrounds chronologically.

ARestudyonP.T.999DunhuangAncientTibetanScript

Xinba Davazhasi(90)

AStudyonHistoricalDiscourse:BasedontheDocumentsAnalysisofTibetanEarthquakein1950

Zhao Guodong(99)

In 1950,a great earthquake hit south east Tibet,post-earthquake relief content was recorded in some historical materials.However,refusing post-earthquake relief and related content reflects the conditions of different social groups and social governance issues in old Tibet.Through studying these historical materials and the logics behind,it could be found that history serves as a mirror which could reflect the social groups and individuals’ real situations in a certain historical period.To value the subtleties in the historical materials and emphasize the discourse studying in historical documents could provide an inspirational perspective for ethnology and Tibetology studies.

AResearchonTibetanKongpoArrowfromthePerspectiveofSportAnthropology

Yang Jianjun,Chen Zhe(111)

Whistling archery,with distinct Tibetan ethnic cultural characteristics,is a traditional sport event in Kongpo.The development of Kongpo whistling archery was influenced by the ecological environment,historical evolution and social development.Through pre-liminal stage,liminal stage and post-liminal stage of whistling archery rituals,the archers and spectators could have more recognition of their ethnic and national identities as now they live a better life under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,and this is solid evidence of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.

ContemporaryTibet-relatedStudies

AStudyontheValueandPracticeofProtectingTibetanCrucialAgriculturalHeritage

Li Guodong,Zhang Jianwei(120)

Tibetan agricultural culture is an important part of China’s agricultural culture since ancient times.Influenced by geographical environment,historical culture,et cetera,Tibet developed its own unique agriculture.With the development of modernization,Tibetan traditional sustainable agriculture contradicts the high yield production aimed modern agricultural system.As a result,Tibetan traditional farming techniques,experience and wisdom are going to disappear.Tibetan traditional agriculture is a valuable heritage that need to be well preserved,it is the common responsibility of the whole society to protect and inherit this agricultural heritage.At present,the protection and utilization of Tibetan traditional agricultural culture is still in the initial and exploratory stage.In order to bring Tibetan traditional agricultural culture to life again,it is necessary to promote the innovative development of Tibetan traditional agriculture from the perspective of protection system construction,inherent value enhancement,the heritage and development of traditional skills.

AResearchontheLegalProtectionofTibetanIntangibleCulturalHeritage

Muhe·Yundeng Jiacuo,Zhang Jing(127)

The intangible cultural heritage of Tibet is an important component of the Chinese culture and an important spiritual asset of human civilization.The use of legal means to protect intangible cultural heritage has become a consensus all over the country.On the basis of existing laws and regulations,the protection of Tibetan intangible cultural heritage should take advantage of the advanced experience of other places in China,gradually prefect the regulations and laws,set up successive system and right holder compensation mechanism,explore the new ways of intangible cultural heritage protection,cultural relics preservation and intellectual property protection mechanisms,create a unique and effective legal protection environment with Tibetan characteristics.

ATrackingStudyontheHierarchyofNeedsoftheRelocatedRuralHouseholdsinPovertyAlleviation:TakingSouthwestBorderEthnicMinorityAreasastheExample

Liu Yajuan(133)

With the support of poverty alleviation strategies,the relocated farmers have successfully lifted themselves out of absolute poverty.The farmers endogenous power needs to be stimulated to reach the long-term poverty alleviation demands at the following stage.According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory,the individual hierarchy of needs is closely related to its endogenous motivation.Based on the data obtained from the field survey of poverty alleviation relocation sites in Guangxi,Yunnan and Tibet from April 2021 to March 2022,it could be found that the needs of poverty alleviation farmers are gradually missing from low to high hierarchy,the physiological needs are at the domain level.Other levels of needs,compared with physiological needs,have the features of “protection” and “sacrifice”.Overall needs hierarchy presents a clustering pattern and self-actualization needs has the tendency of intergenerational sustenance.In a conclusion,to handle with this phenomenon,measures such as relying on rural vitalization strategy,encouraging young labours to start their own business and get employment in their hometown,setting up psychological counselling facilities,perfecting partner assistance mechanism,highlighting the characteristics of ethnic groups in border areas,utilizing the governments at all levels’ functions and families’ internal forces to stimulate the endogenous motivations of rural relocated farmers should be taken in to concideration to reach the long-term poverty alleviation goals.

AFunctionAnalysisandCountermeasureResearchofLhasaEconomicandTechnologicalDevelopmentZonetoPromotetheHigh-qualityDevelopmentofForeignTradeinTibet

Kong Shaohua,Zhu Hongyan(143)

Under the government and markets’ regulation,Tibet has built a number of key development zones and several medium and small sized development parks.These technology zones and parks have become a leading force in promoting foreign trade and local economic growth.Among these development zones and parks,Lhasa economic and technological development zone with innate advantages,decision superiority of “one core and one circle”,“two belts and three zones” gathering advantages,convenient transportation and unique “Aiding Tibet” preferential policies obtained the leading position in the high-quality development of foreign trade in Tibet.In order to deal with foreign trade development problems such as unbalanced foreign trade structures,insufficient momentum of sustainable development,lacking of understanding about the orientations of new business forms,absence of related supports,the cooperative restrictions in “One belt One Road” initiative and imperfect functions of trade ports should be taken into consideration,countermeasures of transmitting governing concept,optimizing business environment and developing parks’ industrial layout,perfecting industrial chains,deepening supply-side structural reform should be valued to improve the new developing pattern.