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回答问题型任务阅读解题策略

2023-06-15褚洪新

初中生学习指导·中考版 2023年5期
关键词:文章内容介词题型

褚洪新

任务型阅读,它是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括,是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力,分析、解决问题的能力,又考查学生语言输出的能力,即运用英语将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。

常见题型

任务型阅读常见题型包括回答问题、表格类填空、翻译、句子还原等题型。此类题的解题过程包含三个环节,即:阅读(信息输入)→判断、分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)→答题(信息输出)。下面着重以回答问题型的阅读进行解读。回答问题作为一种任务型阅读,题目多为4~6题,考题主要针对文章中的事实细节,以wh-问题为主,个别题型是开放性试题,需要学生基于文章内容进行归纳总结。

解题方法与技巧

1. 浏览全文,了解大意

快速浏览全文,尤其要注意文章的首尾两段以及每段首尾两句。如果文章是总分结构或者总分总结构并带有小标题,这样可以通过迅速浏览各个小标题来概括文章的主要内容,以便对文章内容进行整体了解。

2. 预读问题,明确任务

在快速浏览文章之后,应该认真阅读问题,并圈划出问题中的关键词。记住关键词等重要内容,方便在对文章进行查读的过程中迅速找到匹配信息。

3. 圈画关键,找出答案

记住问题中的关键词,带着问题去文章中找到相关信息之后,同问题信息进行比对,圈出关键信息,并反复阅读上下文,确保信息一致,内容准确,防止遗漏信息。

例题一

(2021·辽宁·大连)An elephant calf

When an elephant calf is born,it stands quickly on its feet. It drinks milk from its mother for a few years.The mother elephant teaches her calf how to use its trunk(象鼻).She teaches it many things.The mother elephant is very important to an elephant calf.

Who is important to an elephant calf?

The mother elephant.

這道题的关键词就是Who, important, elephant calf,可以将这3个词圈上,在读文章的过程中迅速查找。通过关键词elephant calf迅速锁定小标题An elephant calf, 再通过important这个关键词,找到答案所在The mother elephant is very important to an elephant calf.

4. 依据问题,组织语言

回答问题这类题,找答案不是难点,关键在于如何将文中找到的信息进行归纳整理,既符合语言的规范性,又要满足问题的要求。追寻的第一原则是能简答就简答。

(1)一般疑问句提问的问题用Yes / No来简答,但同时也要注意问题是不是选择疑问句。避免出现低级错误。

(2)对why问题的回答,要注意联系上下文。

例题二

(2022·辽宁·大连)In February 2021,China reached an important goal. It got rid of poverty (摆脱贫困). Many people couldnt believe this. After all, China has a large number of poor villages. In order to show the truth to people, Chen set out to make No Poverty Land.

Why did Chen make the documentary No Poverty Land?

In order to show the truth to people.

例题三

(2021·辽宁·本溪·抚顺·辽阳)In Chinese culture, “laohuangniu” is a symbol of hard work and selflessness (无私), because it works hard but asks nothing for itself. People love the animal so much that they write poems about it and paint pictures of it.

Why is laohuangniu a symbol of hard work and selflessness?

Because it works hard but asks nothing for itself.

做完这两道例题,可知回答why问题可以用 in order to,because。除此之外还可以用for, to do, because of等。具体情况,具体分析,切记不能一看见why,就用because来回答。

(3)对when和where的提问要注意是否需要加介词,以where为例。

例题四

Date & time:

Friday,14 August,3:30 pm—5 pm

Place:School hall

Come along and take part, or just sit and watch.

Money will be collected for the old peoples home.

Where can you join in the school show?

At / In the school hall.

这道题原文Place:School hall,要注意问题where的回答要加上介词,原文没有,这时候就需要对答案进行加工整理加上介词,规范答题。

(4)对于how提问的回答

对于how的提问,可以用by+doing或者一个完整的句子,或者是介词+名词的方式进行回答。

例题五

(2021·辽宁·本溪·抚顺·辽阳)In Chinese culture, “laohuangniu” is a symbol of hard work and selflessness (无私), because it works hard but asks nothing for itself. People love the animal so much that they write poems about it and paint pictures of it.

How do Chinese people express their love for “niu” ?

By writing poems and painting pictures. / They write poems (about it) and paint pictures (of it).

(5)对于what提问的回答

对于what提问的回答,一般用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句(多为宾语从句)来回答。

例题六

(2022·辽宁·沈阳)Here is a notice for the Table Tennis Club matches in Sunshine Sports Center.

What is the text above?

A notice.

这道题问的是文章的体裁,答案是It is a notice.或者A notice。注意above不是about,about是关于文章内容的提问,这道题学生丢分比较多,主要是没有认真审题,误把above看成about。因此一定要圈画关键词,认真审题。

(6)基于文章内容自行组织语言

针对部分试题,学生在原文中并不能直接找到答案,但是可以找到关联信息,此时需要转换信息进行正确表述。转换信息可以采用下面两种方法:①词性转换:即根据问题的要求,进行词性之间的转换,如动词和名词的转换等。 ②另选其他词来释义:找出这个词的同义词语进行解释,达到题目要求。

例题七

(2022·辽宁·大连)Wang hosts(主持) a weekly talk show called The Wang Peiyu Peking Opera Show. It started to show on AiQiyi on March 27.

How often does Wang Peiyu host her talk show?

Once a week.

此题原文是“Wang hosts a weekly talk show”。weekly是每周的,但是問题是How often...,回答这道题就需要将weekly进行解释,转换成once a week才符合题目要求。

例题八

(2021·辽宁·大连) “I love Jin Yongs wuxia stories,”Jin told Gusu Evening News. “I also love history. In the seventh grade,I traveled to Wuzhen, where Prince Xiao Tong from the Liang Dynasty once lived,and I was inspired(受启发) to write a wuxia story based on(以……为根据) him.”

What did Jin get from his trip to Wuzhen?

The inspiration to write a wuxia story.

此题在原文找到答案是“I was inspired to write a wuxia story based on him.” 但是为了回答what,将inspire进行词性转化变成名词,则符合题目要求。

(7)开放性试题

对于开放性试题我们可以通过找到相关信息内容进行推理判断,不能凭空想象,一定要基于文章内容,进行有理有据的推理。可以先画出相关关键词,再组织语言进行整理。

例题九

(2020·辽宁·大连)Dika was ten years old before he could live in the wild again.Many years later, he came back to the park. He had some wire (电线) around his leg. He needed the keepers to help him. Orphan elephants dont forget where they were cared for.

What can you learn from this passage?

Orphan elephants are clever.

从最后一句“Orphan elephants dont forget where they were cared for.”可知“大象孤儿不会忘记它们在哪儿被照顾”,因此推断它们非常聪明。故答案为“Orphan elephants are clever”。开放性试题针对文章内容,言之有理就可以。

5. 复读短文,复查答案

复读的过程是再次对文章进行分析,进而整合信息确保表达准确的重要步骤。根据之前圈画的重点词回答问题,答案要简洁明了、切中要点,不要画蛇添足。在保证回答问题内容准确的基础上,重点检查答案的时态、主谓一致、人称转化、句子结构、介词和拼写等。

总之,回答问题的设问方式多种多样,希望通过上面的中考考题分析,能够帮助同学们更好地掌握回答问题这一题型的答题策略和注意事项。在平时的训练中,同学们要注意养成认真审题、圈画重点、遵守语法规则等习惯,在答题时就可以做到游刃有余。

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