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虽是同源副词,但“兄弟俩”不一样

2023-05-30于弟袁小林

广东教育·高中 2023年1期
关键词:兄弟俩初学者同源

于弟?袁小林

副词是修饰动词、形容词、短语或全句的词,表示时间、地点、方式、原因、程度等概念。副词有很多种类,很有趣的是,有一些副词由形容词加后缀-ly 构成,但它们的形容词本身也可以用作副词,初学者非常容易混淆。这些副词其实分为两类。

一、同源副词表示不相同但相关的含义

形容词转化的副词:

wide;deep;high;close;low;tight;direct

形容词加ly构成的副词:

widely;deeply;highly; closely; lowly; tightly; directly

这两种同源的副词,意义不一样,但彼此有一定联系。 如:

In the vocation, the students were travelling deep into the countryside.

假期里,学生们深入乡村旅行。

We should consider the matter a little more deeply.

我们应该更深入地思考这个问题。

初学者常对这两种副词的含义和用法困惑。那么这两种副词有什么区别呢?

比较:“深入乡村旅行”和“深入思考”

前者是指具体地往深处走,后者指抽象地往深处思考。

因此我们可以这样归纳;

与形容词同形的副词修饰具体的行为和动作;

形容词加ly构成的副词修饰抽象的行为和动作。 如:

Dont always keep the door wide open.

不要总是让门大开着。 (wide adv.宽地、充分地)

This new law is widely regarded as too strict.

这部新法律被广泛地认为太严苛了。(widely adv.广泛地)

The boy was standing close to his mother.

男孩紧挨着妈妈站着。(close adv. 接近 )

The policeman was watching him closely.

警察在密切地监视着他。(closely adv. 紧密地、亲近地)

The plane is flying high over the white clouds.

飞机在白云上高高飞过。(high adv. 高地、在高处)

The successful launch of the satellite was highly praised in

the world.

卫星的成功发射在全世界受到高度赞扬。(highly adv.

高度地、非常地)

We were talking low so we wouldnt wake the baby.

为了不吵醒婴儿,我们低声交谈。(low adv.低地,向下)

The minister bowed lowly before the queen.

部长给女王谦恭地鞠了躬。(lowly adv. 地位低地,谦卑地)

The old man went downstairs, holding tight to the handrail.

老人走下樓梯,紧抓住扶手。(tight adv. 紧紧地)

The media was tightly controlled by the government during

the war.

战争时期,媒体被政府紧紧地控制着。 (tightly adv.紧

密地)

二、同源副词表示不相同且不相关的意义

英语中,另外两种同源副词,意思完全不同,且毫不相关。

形容词转化的副词:hard;late;most;short,near;cold

形容词加ly构成的副词: hardly; lately; mostly; shortly;nearly; coldly

这也是初学者容易弄错的。如:

They are working hard at their lessons at school.

他们在学校努力学习功课。(hard adv. 努力地)

I was very tired, I could hardly open my eyes.

我太累了,几乎睁不开眼睛。(hardly adv.几乎不,简直不)

I am sorry I arrived late for the meeting.

对不起,我开会来晚了。(late adv. 迟,晚)

I have been very busy at the work lately.

我最近工作很忙。(lately adv.近来,最近)

This is what the old man likes most.

这是老人最喜欢的东西。(most adv. 最,非常)

There were about forty people on the bus, mostly women

and children.

公汽上大约有四十人,大部分是妇女儿童。(mostly adv.

主要地;大部分地)

Our supplies of beer are running short.

我们的啤酒存货不多了。(short adv. 不足;快用完)

The manager left for Beijing shortly after the meeting.

会议后经理马上就去了北京。(shortly adv. 立即;简短地)

The time for his retirement was drawing near.

他退休的日子正在临近。(near adv.近;很快)

He has worked in the company for nearly 30 years.

他在这个公司工作了差不多30年。(nearly adv.几乎,接近)

英语表达是具体而准确的,同源的两种副词看起来相似,含义往往不同,所以要细心地区别。

责任编辑 吴昊雷

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