Unit 5 Revealing nature

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基础训练

根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。 单词拼写

1.Through Jack’s words， I strongly s that he was lying to us.

2.That sort of behavior is a d to the legal profession and will be hated by others.

3.You are expected to a the call with fast actions.

4.In the course of e， some birds have lost the power of flight.

5.Many well-known g have participated in the survey of this area.

6.We’ve got more （种子） than we need. We can spare you some.

7.The Mars is （遥远的） from Earth so it will take more than six months for a spaceship to arrive at it.

8.Those stone tools indicate the early cultural abilities of our human （祖先）.

9.The Employment Minister said the changes in society would （创造） new jobs.

10.They took （样本） of the patients’ blood to carry out the research.

用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 选择填空

adapt to be similar to be crowded with come to exist  in question

1. The restaurant customers at meal times.

2. When they moved to France， the children the change very well.

3. No one knows exactly when the tradition of eating dumplings .

4. The plot of movie that of many other movies.

5. I’m only worried about Tom’s attitude to the job because his ability is not .

課文语法填空

The captain of the ship， the Beagle， wanted to find someone who would benefit from the chance of visiting distant countries. A young man had left medical school without completing his degree answered the call. He received a letter （predict） that he would be “ disgrace to yourself and all your family”. However， the journey was full of important scientific （discovery）.

The journey gave the young man the chance （study） various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar， and guessed that maybe animals evolved as they adapted their changing environments. He suspected that some animals had evolved from a common ancestor. The guess was beyond traditional thoughts at that time， when people believed that all species （appear） on Earth at the same time， and had not changed since. The young man brought up a （complete） new idea—a theory of （evolve）. He wrote a book named On the Origin of Species to explain his new theory， which immediately （cause） a storm. But the young man’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people began to believe the theory. The young man was the famous geologist and naturalist， Charles Darwin.

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能力提升

阅读理解

Food storing is common in members of the crow （乌鸦） family. A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behavior， which may have evolved specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap （间隔） of 17 hours—something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally. But they were able to quickly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.

In another experiment， the researchers taught crows to select a token （禮品券） from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food. Again， the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behavior.

These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage， or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behavior across various actions？ Most critics would say the former， as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviors.

But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behavior that doesn’t typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some cognitive （认知的） abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead， it suggests that animals can apply these behaviors flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to investigate how flexible behaviors evolved. Then we might be able to see how the crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.

1. What’s the new finding about the crows according to Paragraph 1？

A. They can store food. B. They can recover tools.

C. They can use tools. D. They can select food.

2. What are crows trained to do by scientists when given a token？

A. Reject it immediately. B. Exchange it for food.

C. Save it as their food. D. Build a nest with it.

3. What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future？

A. Debatable. B. Impossible. C. Convincing. D. Disappointing.

4. What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals？

A. They develop with age. B. It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.

C. Most of crows benefit from them. D. Planning for the future helps their evolution.

阅读七选五

Every animal sleeps， but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab mice are not allowed to sleep， they die within a month.

One idea is that sleep helps us reinforce （加强） new memories. We know that， while awake， fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing connections between brain cells， but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons

（神经元） in the brain can be weakened overnight， making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses （突触） in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18% smaller than those taken before sleep， showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right， it would explain why， when we miss a night’s sleep， we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size. “You keep what matters，” Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi.

C. It’s as if the brain is maintaining its most important memories.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains from keeping memories.

E. Similarly， when people go for a few days without sleeping， they get sick.

F. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections or synapses， in the brains of 12 mice.

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Section Ⅱ Using language

基礎训练

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 单句语法填空

1. Alone in his room， Joe asked himself whether he was （blame）.

2. The two groups of children have quite different （characteristic）.

3. It is known to all that pandas are native China.

4. The prices of electronic products （decline） by 7 percent since last May.

5. The researchers say they will carry more studies to confirm the results.

6.The twins， who （finish） their homework， were allowed to play badminton in the playground.

7.I had no difficulty finding Ann’s house because she （give） us clear directions before.

8.The old man was injured but he still was able to get to the village and was saved the end.

9.I （intend） to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage， but I couldn’t manage it.

10. When walking down the street， I came across Mary， whom I （not see） for ages.

阅读下面短文，根据上下文语境，结合单元所学语法知识完成短文。 单元语法填空

Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second home. He （learn） the value and beauty of nature from a very young age.

When he was 16， Molai began to notice something （disturb） had happened around his home. A flood （hit） the area earlier that year and the damage it caused （drive） away a number of birds. Besides， the number of snakes （decline） as well. He realized that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat. The solution， of course， was

（plant） trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. He turned to the forest department for help but （tell） that nothing would grow there. However， Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

Watering young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy. Molai （build） at the top of each sapling （幼樹） a bamboo platform， where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The water would then drip （滴落） on the plants below.

Molai continued to plant trees for the next 37 years. So far， his efforts （result） in 1，360 acres of naturally-grown land that （become） home to many plants and animals.

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能力提升

完形填空

In Lauderdale lives a young girl， Mary Lou. She is a（n） bird-watcher at a very young age. In fact， she’s so about birds that she has already written a children’s book about them. It’s for a 13-year-old girl in school.

It all started when her moved to a new neighborhood. Mary would feel very at times with few kids living on her street. Becoming a bird-watcher helped her the new neighborhood and feel more at home.

， she became deeply attracted to bird-watching in Grade Six when she had to write a book for a school project. She decided to write something she knew： the mockingbird. The homework was just the of Mary’s great writing adventure.

Every morning Mary takes her binoculars （双筒望远镜） and heads out to birds. To watch birds， one must not make a lot of . If a watcher makes any movements， the birds will probably become and fly away.

Mary usually uses her binoculars to different types of birds. Sometimes she just

in the wildlife areas and observes （觀察） the various birds as they come to eat and drink at the nearby . Mary is quite a（n） on birds types， but she can’t always every bird she sees. So she thinks there are always new lessons and the sky is full of .

When Mary was writing her bird book for children， she studied hard by searching the Internet. She also some of the birds for the book herself with her colored pencils. Finally， after nine months of ， the book was finished.

1. A. experienced B. independent C. brave D. normal

2. A. selective B. knowledgeable C. patient D. flexible

3. A. easy B. changeable C. relaxing D. amazing

4. A. family B. friend C. aunt D. brother

5. A. proud B. joyful C. lonely D. hesitant

6. A. respond to B. settle into C. figure out D. go off

7. A. Obviously B. Hopefully C. Luckily D. Gradually

8. A. schedule B. process C. beginning D. lesson

9. A. feed on B. give away C. look for D. clean up

10. A. mistakes B. noises C. descriptions D. actions

11. A. perfect B. sudden C. direct D. strange

12. A. ashamed B. pleased C. disappointed D. scared

13. A. identify B. gather C. drive D. master

14. A. plays B. walks C. sits D. rests

15. A. lake B. pool C. house D. town

16. A. journalist B. expert C. artist D. designer

17. A. catch B. name C. like D. help

18. A. power B. imagination C. secrets D. dreams

19. A. collected B. rescued C. kept D. illustrated

20. A. studies B. doubts C. complaints D. efforts

语法填空

Some popular places to visit are built by people. Other famous places are the （create） of nature. In the northeast of the US， there was famous rock on a high mountain that looked just like an old man. （locate） in the town of Franconia， New Hampshire， he had thick hair， a big nose and a beard. People called him “The Old Man of the Mountain” every year more than a million people came to visit him. The Old Man of the Mountain， also known the Great Stone Face， measured 40 （foot） tall. Scientists think that the stone face had been there for about 17， 000 years.

In May 2003， there were very high winds and the temperature was very cold near The Old Man of the Mountain. The sky was so （cloud） that people couldn’t see the stone face for many days. As soon as the storm was over， people looked for The Old Man but they couldn’t see him. They discovered that he （fall） apart. A number of scientists climbed up， （hope） to repair the stone face. They were disappointed at they saw the damage from the weather.

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短文改錯

I used to going to the countryside to draw animals and plants. One day I was walked across a field looking for rabbits to draw. Losing in thought， I didn’t notice an ox to running towards me. About 100 meters ahead was a tree under that I would sit and draw. Suddenly， I heard the noise behind me. I turned and saw the ox. Knowing an ox can run more faster than a man， I quickly reached the trees and climb up. From there I saw the ox kicking my food bag by its feet. It keeps doing this 15 minutes and moved away. But I was quite nervous in the tree.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎训练

用所给词的适当形式填空。 单词填空

1.His house stands on a hill and can be seen from a of two miles while my house is ten miles from his， and our two families are related. （distant）

2.If you to your own page， use the hot words which are with the keywords. （link）

3.This object gives off gases which may do to our health. （harm）

4.In Beijing， there are many tourist ， like the Great Wall and the Summer Palace. But what me most is the Great Wall， which is also to the foreigners.  （attract）

5.In order to us of his honesty， he gave us several cases. （convince）

6.The old ladies thought square dances are to their health and have a lot from them. （benefit）

7.He said that he could an earthquake several days ahead of time but some experts said that earthquake was not . （predict）

8.Two were asked in connection with the killing yesterday， but the police that another man did it. （suspect）

9.She through the bag， found a of plant. （root）

10.We had to the truth from a mass of confused evidence of the of animals. （evolve）

根据括号内提示翻译句子。 单句表达

1. 天气很好，沙滩上挤满了晒日光浴的人们。（be crowded with）

2. 不是语言而是文化使得他很难适应国外的新环境。（It is/was… that 句型）

3. 我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。（date back to）

4. 他对所谓的流行歌曲很感兴趣。（宾语从句）

5. 他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（同位语从句）

提示写作

运用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

I am deeply convinced that... first choice chat with adopt seize

In order to...， we need... We’d rather not... but do... It’s a good option to...

能力提升

阅读理解

A

There is a farm in Lexington， Kentucky， US. The farm is mostly empty now. Jim Mahan and his family， who lived there for generations， have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County. As land is sold， houses go up where there once were fields.

But during the summer， many city kids come to enjoy the farm. They’re members of the Fayette County Livestock （FCL） Club， which shows skills as varied as cutting wool. The farm is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids don’t know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier， 17， who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.”

The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep in the farm must do a six-hour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs， such as one that provides vet （兽医） care.

Mahan lets the group use the farm for free， and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer. But as his land gets sold， he doesn’t know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids can’t just walk out of their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the farm by their mothers， who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.

There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance， don’t cut wool off your goat when there is wind， and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow， caring for an animal isn’t something you can simply abandon （抛弃），” said Carly Playforth， 16， of Lexington.

1. What is the requirement for kids before they get animals？

A. Attending a class. B. Paying certain money.

C. Having varied skills. D. Getting special club programs.

2. What can we know about the FCL club？

A. It offers services unconditionally. B. It pays for their use of the farm.

C. It lets mothers care for animals. D. It allows mothers to push kids.

3. How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience？

A. Suspicious. B. Uninteresting. C. Appreciative. D. Meaningless.

4. What is the text mainly about？

A. Kids’ life on a sold farm. B. Lessons learned on the farm.

C. An activity of caring for farm animals. D. A club intended for Lexington kids.

B

Over 22 million dead animals that have never been seen by the public before were on display last week in London， Britain. The selection is one of the biggest and the best in the world and the Natural History Museum hopes that it will help people understand nature better.

People were able to examine the animals， which range from tiny insects that lived millions of years ago to the bones of dinosaurs and butterflies in amazing detail.

The scientific specimens （标本） are all either stored in alcohol or made in a fossil （化石） form and have been given to the new Darwin Centre by scientists and researchers over the last hundred years.

The centre， named after the world-famous scientist Charles Darwin， will be open free to the public. It is part of the much larger Natural History Museum， which attracts over 2 million visitors a year. The new museum has actual specimens caught by Darwin， including a parrot-fish and a pipe-fish he caught while on his journey around the world. There are also lots of other specimens caught by famous explorers that lived over 150 years ago， which include a tusk （長牙） from an African elephant given by famous British scientist David Livingstone.

People can view specimens close up， watch videos of scientists at work， look at information on computers， and look up through the seven-floor storage hall to sense the huge scale of what’s inside. They are also able to take guided tours and join live events with scientists.

5. What does the museum mean for visitors according to Paragraph 1？

A. To see different kinds of dead animals. B. To know the animal world better.

C. To enrich their knowledge of the universe. D. To understand humans better.

6. What can we learn about the dead animals on display from Paragraph 3？

A. They are all kinds of fish. B. They are open free to people.

C. They were caught by Charles Darwin. D. They might be stored for many years.

7. If you go to visit Darwin Centre， you ________.

A. don’t have to buy a ticket anytime B. will be allowed to touch the exhibits

C. don’t have to check information on a computer D. will only see specimens caught by Darwin

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Process of Science Museum B. A New Darwin Centre

C. History of the Animals D. Time You Can Touch

完形填空

Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species that are every day. The white-naped crane （白枕鶴） is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to

the species from going out of existence.

Chris and Tim work at a ， helping endangered cranes with their . Emma， a female crane， has been in their since her arriving several years ago.

Born at an international crane foundation， Emma was by human caretakers. This led to an consequence （后果）， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She to live with male cranes， and even had a reputation （名声） for killing some of them， which made it for her to become a mother.

However， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction of this species. With their patience and efforts， they developed a combination of artificial breeding （人工繁殖） and natural reproduction. This enabled Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.

The two keepers are of their productive work. But before they can be assured， more

must be made， because the of the crane in the wild is on the decline， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts， feelings， and most importantly， equal rights to .

How can we the increasing gap that separates us from other animals？ Chris and Tim offered us the ： human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions， but maybe their can be a better guide.

1. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing

2. A. ban B. save C. separate D. remove

3. A. zoo B. factory C. garden D. hospital

4. A. management B. action C. reproduction D. recreation

5. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story

6. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized

7. A. satisfied B. unexpected C. common D. silly

8. A. never B. usually C. unluckily D. cheerfully

9. A. failed B. needed C. refused D. began

10. A. funny B. perfect C. easy D. impossible

11. A. distant B. giant C. valuable D. cruel

12. A. successfully B. hardly C. regretfully D. sadly

13. A. impatient B. afraid C. proud D. tired

14. A. cases B. efforts C. questions D. exercises

15. A. skill B. health C. price D. population

16. A. In the end B. After all C. By the way D. For example

17. A. hunt B. perform C. survive D. guide

18. A. consider B. keep C. develop D. bridge

19. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. prize

20. A. hearts B. hands C. feet D. noses

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：观察日记。要求学生通过观察某种植物或动物的特性或生长过程写观察日志，记诉亲身经历和耳闻目睹的事情。

建议体裁：记叙文。

注意事项：观察日记要明确体现观察的目的、步骤和结果，对观察到的现象的描述要客观准确，语言要简洁质朴、通俗易懂。见下表：

题例导学

题目

假定你是李华，你想观察某种植物从种子到植株的生长过程。请根据下面的提示写一篇观察日记，内容包括：

1. 介绍植物；

2. 描述生长过程；

3. 表达个人感受。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

思路引导1·要点分析

观察对象：介绍所要观察的植物及生存环境等；

生长过程：描述从给植物浇水到使其发芽的生长过程等；

个人感受：对植物生长过程的看法、喜好程度等。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 一天我把一些向日葵种子埋进地里，那里面有肥沃的土壤。（where引导定语从句）

2. 在倒入一些水之后，我开始以极大的耐心等待和观察它。（pour，with great patience）

3. 几天后，一些绿色的嫩芽从土里长出来，非常可爱。（which引导定语从句）

4. 看到土有一些干了，我又加了些水。（v.-ing形式作状语）

5. 那天我所看到的一切让我感到惊讶！（介词宾语从句）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

One day I buried some seeds of sunflowers into the ground， where there was some rich soil. After pouring some water into it， I began to observe it with great patience. Several days later， some green  plants grew out of the soil， which were so lovely. I moved them into the room to prevent these young plants from being burnt by the hot sun. Seeing that the soil was a little dry， I added some water to it again. After several days， those young plants grew into some tall plants， which were very strong. I was surprised at what I saw that day！ How amazing it is to watch a seed become a tall plant！

話题表达

假定你是李华，你的英语老师要求同学们利用休息时间去观察某种动物，并用英语写一篇观察日记，准备回来在英语课上跟大家交流。内容包括：

1. 介绍观察对象；

2. 观察的过程；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1. answer the 响应号召

2. 首选

3. 更为重要的是；而且

4. of 自古以来；有史以来

5. question 谈论中的；有疑问

6. be with...  充满/挤满……

7. come to 开始存在

8. 适应

9. as as  除……外，还；也

10. get 受到袭击

11. of  少量；微量

12. 使离去；驱车离开

13. in 最后，结果

14. be to  源于……的，原产于……

15. out  执行；完成

16. in 尤其，特别

17. 充当，担任

18. be a 是耻辱，是丢脸的事

19. 相比之下

20. be to 该受责备

句型

1. what引导宾语从句

It seemed their beaks had evolved according to （可得到的食物） on that particular island.

2. that引导同位语从句

Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory （即人类是随着时间而进化的）.

3. “主语 + be + adj. + to do”结构

Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because （它们的特性易于控制）.

4. “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”

（长期以来，我们一直认为） that talking plants are fantasy， new research has revealed something amazing...

5. It作形式主语

（一段时间以来，人们已经知道） that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.

6. 现在分词短语作伴随状语

Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， （表明干旱就要来临）.

7. 现在分词短语作方式状语

（使用木维网）， plants can share information and even food with each other.

8. in + which引导定语从句

Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways （植物相互交流的）

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识就“观察日记”的话题，谈谈你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. That was my first... to...

2. It turned out that...

3. They succeeded in...