核心素养导向的单元项目实践类作业设计
2023-02-23倪晓南
倪晓南
英语课程倡导指向学科核心素养发展的自主学习、合作学习、探究学习等学习方式。教师应设计具有综合性、关联性和实践性特点的英语学习活动,使学生通过学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等一系列融语言、文化、思维为一体的活动,提高英语学习能力和运用能力。教师还应运用形成性评价与综合性评价相结合的评价方式,引导学生学会监控和调整英语学习目标、学习方式和学习进程。
作业是学生每天完成的再平常不过的学习任务,是一种有目的、有指导、有组织的学习活动。作业应具有指向明确、重点突出、数量合理、内在逻辑性强、任务明确、内容正确、符合学生身心特征、作业难度搭配和比例合理等特点。因此,核心素养导向下的作业设计应该:(1)形式多样化,以培养创新精神为主;(2)注重对学生人文素养的培养;(3)注重发展学生的自主学习能力。
单元类作业设计是以单元为基本单位,教师根据特定的单元学习目标和相应的单元教学任务,以多种形式和途径编制、选择、改编完善或自主开发形成作业的过程。项目化学习引导学生在真实情境中发现问题、解决问题,又在解决问题的过程中发现新问题,点燃和呵护学生的学习热情,引导学生探究并体验包括学科知识在内的外部世界,发展对学科外部世界的兴趣。以译林版八年级下册 Unit 8 A green world的Project:Green campus為例,具体阐述单元项目实践类作业的设计和启示。
A green world单元旨在让学生在已有生活经验和人文地理方面知识储备的基础上,形成环保意识和主人翁意识,践行绿色生活理念。在单元学习结束后,我设计了基于单元主题的单元项目实践类作业——Project:Green campus,通过整合整个单元的内容,设计了三项作业,旨在引导学生完成真实任务的同时,懂得如何从日常的小事做起,过健康绿色的生活并且保护环境。作业创设“绿色校园”的主题语境,以德育为引导,将作业与生活融合,从单元的话题和学生的生活实际方面寻找结合点,通过完成三个难度层层递进的任务,从而形成情感的触动。
◆作业一
为“绿色校园”活动的开幕式录制一段视频,介绍如何过绿色的生活。
1.Record a video to introduce how we students live a green life in our daily lives,upload it to the QQ group of the class.
2.Watch other classmates videos and choose the best video according to the following evaluation form.(见表1)
表1 作业一评价表
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演讲稿示例:
Speech script
Dear teachers and students in Zhongying Middle School.
Today Id like to say something about how to live a green life.
There are many things we can do to live a green life. For example, we can save water by taking shorter showers. We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room. Whats more, we can reduce air pollution by riding bikes. My dad used to drive me to school, but now we take the underground. I think it is wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. As students, using both sides of the paper, doing more exercise and watching less TV are all good ways to help us live a green life.
Its time for us to take action to go green. Lets follow these small steps and make a big difference to the earth.
(设计说明:本项作业要求学生为“绿色校园”活动的开幕式录制一段视频,引导学生在对课内语言知识做进一步巩固和操练的同时,清楚地知道可以做哪些事情来过绿色生活,增强环境保护意识和社会责任感。)
启示:项目化作业能将学生已有的知识进行连接,将知识内在的逻辑建立起来。学生将本单元获取的词汇和句型进行梳理、概括、分析、整合,最终形成有逻辑性的文段。在这个过程中,学生的概念建构能力得到了提升。
◆作业二
在校园中寻找和绿色生活相关的事物,如树木、分类垃圾箱等,并为它们制作“名片”。
1.Find out the things which has something to do with environmental protection in the campus and make a “name card” with words and pictures to introduce at least one thing by searching for some information from books and the internet.
2.Evaluate their works by themselves and with each other according to the following evaluation form.(见表2)
表2 作业二评价表
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名片示例:
Ginkgo trees are seen in most places in Nanjing.They are very useful. People get wood and food from them and they also provide people with ingredients for medicines. At the same time,they reduce air pollution and keep soil in place in storms. (图片略)
(设计说明:在校园中寻找和绿色生活相关的东西,并为它们制作“名片”,指导学生通过收集资料发现绿色生活、环境保护就在身边,帮助学生深刻理解保护树木、正确进行垃圾分类等行为的重要性。)
启示:优先考虑项目化作业与真实世界的联系,这样能最大限度地激发学生的学习兴趣。在兴趣指引下,学生梳理语言脉络,重构知识框架,尽可能地灵活运用所学语言知识表达观点,促进语言的个性化输出。此外,在制作“名片”的过程中,学生的创造性也得到了不同程度的发展。
◆作业三
小组合作,为“绿色校园”主题活动制定一个活动方案。
1.Discuss in groups and decide the subject of the programme according to the present situation of the campus environment and students living and studying habits.
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2.Collect information in team work,draw the mind map and write the plan.
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3.Select a representative to share the plan with other groups and fill in the following evaluation form.(见表3)
表3 作业三评价表
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活动方案示例:
A plan for a green campus
In order to make our school greener, we plan to organize an activity to call on the students to reduce the use of paper napkins.
According to our research, nearly 60% of the students in Grade Eight use paper napkins. If so, the bad habit would cost nearly 40 hectares of trees to be cut down every 24 hours as paper is made from wood. We are destroying our best fighters against the pollution. In addition, sometimes paper napkins are thrown on the floor or in the playground. They make our campus dirty. We need to change the bad habit right now.
Firstly, we will make a leaflet to tell the students why we should use napkins made of cloth instead of paper ones. Secondly, we will hand out the leaflets to the students at school. Finally, we will make a proposal to use paper napkins as little as possible on the school assembly next Monday morning.
We hope this activity will improve our school environment and make our school life greener.
(設计说明:聚焦校园环境问题,指导学生通过小组合作,运用所学语言知识和技能解决实际生活中的问题,从自己做起,创造绿色校园环境。)
启示:项目化作业正是因为尽可能地连接了单元话题和学生生活,才使学生的学习在真实生活中发生了。在作业交流中采用共同性原则的分组模式,学生的团队合作能力、语言表达能力和社交能力都有了很大的提升。在完成项目化作业的过程中,学生有相同的目标,都愿意更好地组织、策划、完善并达成这个目标,而且在学习过程中对教材话题有了更深层次的理解。
通过此次实践探究,我深刻意识到在项目化作业开发和实践过程中,作业不再局限于考查听、说、读、写能力。学生的语言应用、团队合作等学习能力因此都将得到提高。本次作业的三个项目化学习评价表,旨在引导学生关注语言表达的准确性和流利性,帮助学生增强环保意识并树立绿色发展的理念,从语言知识、语言技能、情感态度与价值观三个方面综合考量学生。学生在完成作业的过程中,突破了传统作业固化的框架体系和碎片化的学习模式,以统整而非叠加的系统学习方式搭建原有知识框架,发展思维品质,完善情感价值,提升核心素养。
(作者单位:南京市钟英中学)
编辑:常超波