让风景融入城市，让生活走进风景

边兰春

当前，我国城市发展方式已经从增量开发转向存量更新，追求城市空间环境品质的不断提升，建设创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的城市，已经成为实现人居环境高质量发展的迫切要求。随着城市的发展，纳入到城市空间环境中的自然栖息地也在不断流失，休憩空间严重不足。因此，宜人开放空间的塑造已经成为城市设计的核心内容之一，也是评价城市宜居性的重要考量标准。

水是城市的生命线，世界上很多城市都是因水而生、伴水而荣。河湖水体、绿色空间构成了城市蓝绿生态空间网络的主要部分，与之紧密相关的滨水空间也因承载了城市的自然生态、联结起城市的休闲生活、孕育出城市的特色与活力，最终见证了城市的发展变迁，并被持续塑造成为城市的一道道靓丽风景。

长期以来，我们对城市中心地区繁荣活力的关注，远远超过了对城市边缘地区生态和文化景观价值的认识。城市边缘地区是城市和乡村的交界地带，一方面，这一地区具有良好的生态环境本底，生态空间与城市空间融合的潜力巨大；另一方面，在城市扩展过程中，这一地区又往往因为城乡用地混杂、管理相对薄弱，使生态空间与城市空间融合发展面临很大挑战；同时，另一个值得我们反思的问题：我们长期以来只把这些地区看作空间品质不佳的“城乡结合部”，忽视了这些地区中开放空间与城市的生态关联，忽视了社区发展中的生活互动，忽视了滨水营造中的景观与活力。针对这样的地区，如何通过“生态修复和城市修补”带动生态资源的有机整合、交通体系的系统梳理、生活设施需求的细微体察，加强多元城市功能的高效组织，实现城市边缘区的高质量发展，应该成为当下城市更新行动中亟待关注的重要议题之一。

北京清河滨水空间也许就是未来城市设计与城市更新的一个典型案例。清河滨水绿廊是海淀北部高新科技发展区与南部城市密集区形成有机衔接的重要地区，更是西山风景区与东部城市建设区形成东西联系的重要走廊。清河从清朝初年延续至今，伴随着“三山五园”的建造和这一地区的演进发展而逐步发育成熟。清河是一条自然的河流，自西山向东汇入温榆河；清河是一条文化的河流，串联历史的三山五园和现代城市创新聚集区中关村科技园、国际体育文化承载地奥林匹克森林公园；清河还是一条生活的河流，沿线地区已经从“城乡结合部”逐渐演进为居民生活重要的休憩场所和交通走廊。历史上的清河与北京自然水系的形成演变密切相关，现在的清河沿线，既有世界文化遗产颐和园，也有亟待更新改造的“城中村”，河流绿地、交通道路、居住社区、单位大院多种要素相互交织，错综复杂。探究清河以及因之兴衰的聚落地理文化、功能认知和发展愿景，不仅可以更好地认知城市历史、探索“三山五园”的遗产保护，还可以为这一地区的生态景观修复和文化风景营造，奠定重要的基础。

本期专辑收录了清华大学建筑学院团队的6篇研究论文，他们基于多年担任清河沿线街镇责任规划师高校合伙人过程中的观察和思考，从历史、景观、环境、交通、城市、社区、治理等多个维度展开对清河的研究。前3篇清河认知板块，从历史地理视角梳理了北京清河的演变（钟舸等），厘清了对清河沿线地区城市功能特色的认知（黄鹤等），并从大城市边缘区发展的视角探讨了海淀清河段滨水空间发展的矛盾与问题（陈宇琳等）。后3篇滨水空间更新整治板块，结合清河的空间现状和社区结构提出了滨水空间综合整治要素及治理导向（王英等），分析了城市边缘区滨水绿道的使用模式与人群需求（陈宇琳等），并开展了面向滨水空间整治的道路交通可达性分析和提升策略研究（梁思思等）。本专辑的研究成果在清河滨水地区的城市设计实践课题中还得以不断深化，以期为清河滨水空间的更新整治提供多视角的解读，同时也为我国大城市城乡交界地带滨水空间城市设计与城市更新中的精细化治理提供参考。

大约三年前，担任该地区责任规划师高校合伙人的清华大学团队曾对清河绿廊规划实施工作发出倡议，清河滨水地区环境品质的提升应以系统性的研究为基础、以专题性的规划为前提，依托多学科融合的研究实践平台，制定城市设计导则指引和行动指南，不断探索参与式规划的实施路径和方法。为了发挥清河滨水绿廊地区独特区位优势，充分依托本地区生态景观资源条件，面向社区生活的需求，制定整体框架、有序分段实施、注重持续提升，以人为本，实现“让风景融入城市，让生活走进风景”的美好愿景。□

（2019年10月17日清华大学高校责任规划师团队成员发起了《清河绿廊规划倡议书》。2020年5月北京市规划和自然资源委员会海淀分局组织开展了面向清河滨水地区空间环境的“清河行动”，并组织清华大学团队与中国城市规划设计研究院合作完成了《清河两岸综合整治提升规划》。本专辑部分成果根据清华团队负责的部分专题成果深化完成。在此向北京市规划和自然资源委员会海淀分局和中国城市规划设计研究院，以及支持参与这项工作的同仁一并致谢！）

Currently, the pursuit for innovative, harmonious, green, open and shared cities has become an urgent agenda for achieving high-quality development of human environment in China. After decades of development, the natural habitats are continuously disappearing in cities, and there is a serious shortage of open space. The pleasant open space has become one of the core elements of urban design and an important consideration in evaluating the liveability of cities.

Water is the lifeline of a city. Many cities in the world were born from water and thrived with water. Water bodies and green spaces are important elements of the city's ecological system. They bear the city's leisure life, nurture the characteristics and vitality of the city, and witness the development and changes of the city.

For a long time, we have paid little attention to the urban fringe, i.e., urban-rural areas. On the one hand, these areas have a good ecological background with great potential for integrating ecological spaces and urban spaces; on the other hand, in the process of urban expansion, these areas often face huge challenges in the integration because of disordered urban-rural land uses and relatively weak management. At the same time, another issue deserves our reflections – we have neglected the ecological connections, the social interactions, the landscape vitality of these urban-rural areas, and they have been in poor spatial quality for a long time. As a matter of fact, it is among the important issues in the urban regeneration actions that requires urgent attention regarding how to achieve high-quality development through ecological restoration, organic integration of ecological resources,systematic sorting of transportation system, investigation of facilities requirement, and high-efficient organisation of urban functions.

The waterfront space of Qinghe River is probably one of the most typical cases in urban design and urban regeneration in the future. Its landscape corridor connects the Haidian High-tech Development Zone in the north with the urban dense area in the south, as well as Xishan Scenic Area in the west with urban areas in the east. Qinghe River is a natural river, from Xishan Mountain to Wenyu River; it is a cultural river, bearing the history of royal gardens of Qing Dynasty and the Olympic Forest Park and Zhongguancun Tech-Zone; it is also a living river, evolving with important leisure places and traffic lines for the neighbourhood and communities. To explore the geographical culture, the functional perception and the vision of Qinghe River with its rise and fall will not only enable us to better understand the city's history, the conservation of royal gardens of Qing Dynasty, but also lay an important foundation for the ecological restoration and cultural landscape construction in this area.

Therefore, six research papers from SATU are featured in this issue, which are developed from various dimensions such as history, landscape, environment, transportation, city, community and governance based on the authors' observations and reflections during their years as responsible planners of streets and communities along the Qinghe River. It consists of two parts.The first part is about epistemology. Zhong, et al. summarises the geographical and historical evolution of Qinghe River area, and explores the relationship between the water and the urban development; Huang, et al. sorts out the functional evolutions of urban areas along the Qinghe River and proposes a development strategy integrating the Qinghe River with several important surrounding areas; Chen, et al. summarises the main problems and their causes faced by the development of waterfront spaces in the urban fringe of megacities, and puts forward the suggestions of waterfront space renewal to drive the development of urban fringes.

The second part is about practice. Wang, et al. concludes the space elements of comprehensive waterfront space management,and proposes improvement elements and management strategies combined with the characteristics of current waterfront spaces and structural features of the communities; Chen, et al. studies the use patterns and user needs of greenways through questionnaire surveys, and proposes several solutions to enrich the functions of the greenways; Liang, et al. proposes the relevant strategies to improve the traffic accessibility of waterfront space from road layout, pedestrian-oriented traffic, parking, and so on.The research demonstrated in this issue is still on-going work, which aims to provide multi-perspective interpretations for the renewal and improvement of the Qinghe River, and a reference for the urban design as well as refined management of waterfront spaces in the urban-rural areas of megacities in China.

About three years ago, when the team from Tsinghua University became the responsible planners, the plan of the landscape corridor of the Qinghe River was promoted to explore the approaches and methods of participatory planning to improve its environmental quality. Combined with its ecological landscape resources, and facing the needs of community with human-centred principles, blending landscape into the city and bringing life into the landscape is a good vision that has been partly realised in this area.

Our appreciation to Haidian Branch of Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design and many others, whose generous support makes this issue happened.□(Translated by PANG Lingbo)