坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略，高质量共建“一带一路”

孙 章

(同济大学老科技工作者协会会长，《城市轨道交通研究》主编)

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“中国坚持对外开放的基本国策，坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略，不断以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇，推动建设开放型经济，更好惠及各国人民。” “一带一路”倡议提出十年来，其多元合作机制已吸引了更多的合作伙伴，取得了一系列新进展。

2022年9月，在乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕举行的上海合作组织峰会上，签署了一项关于中国-吉尔吉斯斯坦-乌兹别克斯坦(CKU)铁路项目的合作协议。中吉乌铁路协议经过近20年的谈判，在二十大召开前夕终于取得突破，因此备受期待。中国是吉尔吉斯斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦最大的贸易伙伴，中吉乌铁路被视为欧亚大陆运输网络中的“南部”陆基路线，还能提供与巴基斯坦和阿富汗连接的潜在支线。

2022年11月1日发布的“中越联合公报”中有多处提到了铁路：双方同意，积极推进两国发展战略对接，加快推动商签两国政府间推进共建“一带一路”倡议和“两廊一圈”框架对接合作规划，开展产能合作，开展基础设施建设与互联互通合作，尽快完成老街-河内-海防标准轨铁路规划评审；推进跨境基础设施建设，重点推动就老街(越南)-河口(中国)铁路对接方案商谈一致；为推动货物进出口，提升两国贸易额，双方同意推动航空、陆路和铁路运输合作并为此创造便利条件，尽快商谈修订1992年签署的《中越国境铁路协定》；双方支持两国铁路企业就提升越南货物过境中国运量加强合作。由此可知，二十大刚闭幕，沿用了30年的《中越国境铁路协定》即将升级换代。高铁时代中越铁路的互联互通对于加强东南亚地区与欧亚大陆的经济联系意义重大。

2022年11月16日，正值在印尼巴厘岛举行G20峰会期间，中国国家主席习近平与印尼总统佐科通过视频共同见证了雅万高铁的试运行。雅万高铁在测试期间的运行速度达到了281.4 km/h，这一速度为最高设计速度350 km/h的80.4%。

雅万高铁作为中国“一带一路”倡议和印尼“全球海洋支点”构想对接的重大标志性项目，预计将于2023年6月正式投入运营。雅万高铁是东南亚第一条时速350 km的高速铁路，也是中国高速铁路先进技术——包括快速安全的最高商业运营速度的生动展示。

印尼佐科总统正在积极推进将雅万高铁延伸至东爪哇省的泗水，以改善整个爪哇岛的连通性。因为爪哇岛对印尼国内生产总值的贡献率超过55%，延伸雅万高铁将使雅加达至泗水约800 km的陆路旅行时间从现在的十个多小时缩短至仅4 h。印尼交通部等政府有关部门当前正在认真研究雅加达至泗水高铁项目的可行性。

2022年11月19日，中国国家主席习近平在曼谷总理府同泰国总理巴育举行会谈。习主席在会谈时说，要加快中老泰三方铁路合作，积极推进“中老泰联通发展构想”，重点加强基础设施“硬联通”，做好物流通关“软联通”。巴育总理说，泰方愿积极落实《泰中战略性合作共同行动计划》和共建“一带一路”合作规划，加快泰中铁路建设并与中老铁路衔接，落实中老泰联通发展构想。两国领导人赋予“中泰一家亲”以新的时代内涵，“一家亲”与“一带一路”密不可分。

中国西部陆海新通道今年已开通线路78条，创历年新高。海铁联运将成为中国与东南亚国家间贸易的主要物流方式，雅万高铁与中老铁路、中越铁路为中国与区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)成员国之间开展经济合作提供了巨大空间。

行文至此，笔者回想起在与同济大学合并前的原上海铁道大学，曾培养了不少来自越南的留学生，他们学成回国后许多人已成为铁路通信信号领域的技术骨干。同济大学有不少铁路专家，可望在积极推动高质量共建“一带一路”的新征程中，贡献出自己的一份力量。

Commentary

FirmlyAdheretoMutuallyBeneficialStrategyofOpening-up,HighQualityJointContributionof′BeltandRoadInitiative′

SUNZhang

(Chairman of Tongji University Association of Senior Scientists and Technicians, Editor-in-chief of Urban Mass Transit)

In the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi pointed out: ′China is committed to its fundamental national policy of opening to the outside world and pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up.It strives to create new opportunities for the world with its own development and to contribute its share to building an open global economy that delivers greater benefits to all peoples′.In the ten years of Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), the diversified cooperation mechanism has been attracting more partners and making a series of new progress.

In September 2022, in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit held in Samarkand of Uzbekistan, a cooperation agreement of railway project of China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan(CKU)was signed.After nearly 20 years of negotiation, the CKU railway agreement has finally achieved breakthrough as the 20th National Congress of CPC was about to take place, drawing extensive expectation.China is the largest trade partner for Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.CKU railway is positioned as the ′southern′ land-based line of Eurasian Land transportation network, with the capacity of providing potential branch line to connect with Pakistan and Afghanistan.

In the Vietnam-China Joint Statement published on 1stNovember 2022, railway is mentioned multiple times: both sides agree to proactively advance the strategic alignment of two countries′ development, business visa, BRI joint contribution and ′two-corridor one-ring′ frame cooperation planning; carry out production capacity cooperation, infrastructure construction and interoperability cooperation and planning review of Laocai-Hanoi-Haiphong standard-gauge railway; advance cross-border infrastructure construction, focusing on settling the negotiation of Laocai(Vietnam)-Hekou(China)railway alignment scheme; to increase cargo import/export and trade amount of both countries, both sides agree to cooperate on air, land and railway transportation, to create conditions for convenience, and to negotiate about revision of Sino-Vietnamese Border Railway Agreement that was signed in 1992; both sides approve of railway enterprises strengthening cooperation in terms of improving amount of Vietnamese transit cargo through China.It is indicated that as the 20th National Congress just ended, the Sino-Vietnamese Border Railway Agreement in action for 30 years will be upgraded and iterated.The interoperability of China-Vietnam railway in high-speed railway era has significant meaning in strengthening economic connection of Southeast Asia and Eurasian Land.

On 16thNovember 2022, during the G20 summit on Bali Island of Indonesia, Chairman Xi of China and President Joko of Indonesia together witnessed the trial operation of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway on video.The Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway reached running speed of 281.4 km/h during test, which is 80.4% of the maximum design speed of 350 km/h.

As a key representative project of connecting China′s BRI and Indonesia′s ′global maritime nexus′, the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway will be officially launched in June 2023 according to estimation.It is the first high-speed railway with hourly speed of 350 km in Southeast Asia, as well as a demonstration of the advanced technologies of China′s high-speed railway—including the highest running speed in commercial operation that can ensure speed and safety.

President Joko of Indonesia is actively encouraging the extension of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway to Surabaya of East Java Province so that the connectivity of the whole Java Island can be improved.Java Island contributes over 55% of Indonesia′s GDP.Extending the line will shorten the originally over 10 hours of land travel of 800 km between Jakarta and Surabaya to only 4 hours.The government relevant departments such as Department of Transportation of Indonesia are seriously studying the feasibility of high-speed railway project from Jakarta to Surabaya.

On 19thNovember 2022, Chairman Xi of China and Prime Minister Prayuth of Thailand held talks in Office of the Prime Minister in Bangkok.Chairman Xi said that the railway cooperation among China, Laos and Thailand should speed up, to proactively advance ′China-Laos-Thailand Connectivity Development Corridor Outlook′, by emphatically strengthening the ′hard interconnection′ of infrastructure, as well as the ′soft interconnection′ of logistics custom clearance.Prime Minister Prayuth said that Thailand was ready to actively implement the ′Joint Action Plan on Thailand-China Strategic Cooperation′ and the cooperation plan on jointly promoting BRI, accelerating the construction of China-Thailand tailway and its connection with the China-Laos railway, realizing the China-Laos-Thailand Connectivity Development Corridor Outlook.Leaders of both countries are bestowing new era connotation to ′China-Thailand as close as one family′, and the ′as close as one family′ relationship is inseparable from BRI.

The New Western Land-Sea Corridor in China has started operation of 78 lines this year, making a new highest record of all the passing years.Sea-rail intermodal transportation will become the main trade logistics method between China and other southeast asian countries.Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, China-Laos railway, China-Vietnam railway have provided enormous space for China developing economic cooperation with Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)member countries.

At this point, author is reminded of the years of tutoring plenty of Vietnamese students before Shanghai Tiedao University having merged with Tongji University, many of whom have become the technological backbone in railway communication signaling field in their own country after study.The many railway experts in Tongji University are expected to proactively promote the high-quality joint contribution of BRI, serving their strength in the new journey.

TranslatedbyZHANGLiman