GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

INTRODUCTION

Types of paper

Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication: Original research papers, reviews, letters to the editor.

Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission. Authors contrib uting to special issues should ensure that the y select the special issue article type from this list.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Ethics in Publishing

For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.

Conf lict of interest

All authors are requested t o disclose an y actual or potential conf ict of interest including an y f nancial, personal or other relationships with other people or or ganizations within three years of be ginning the submitted w ork that could inappropriately inf uence, or be percei ved to inf uence, their w ork.See also http://www.elsevier.com/conf ictsof nterest.

Submission declaration

Submission of an article implies that the w ork described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or e xplicitly by the responsible authorities where the w ork was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in an y other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

Changes to authorship

This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:

Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue:Requests to add or remo ve an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or remo ved, or the author names rearranged and (b) written conf rmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, remo val or rearrangement.In the case of addition or remo val of authors, this includes conf rmation from the author being added or remo ved.Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follo w the procedure as described above.Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of an y such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.

After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue:Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follo w the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.

Copyright

[example: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be ask ed to complete a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’.Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author conf rming receipt of the manuscript together with a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Permission of the International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation or the China Water and Po wer Press is required for resale or distrib ution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult paige.chyu@gmail.com or iswcr@foxmail.com).If e xcerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)in the article.]

Role of the funding source

You are requested to identify who pro vided f nancial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to brief y describe the role of the sponsor(s), if an y, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.Please see http://www.elsevier.com/funding.

Language and language services

Please write your te xt in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these).Authors who require information about language editing and cop yediting services pre- and postsubmission please visit http://webshop.else vier.com/languageediting or our customer support site at http://support.else vier.com for more information.

Submission

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online.Use the follo wing guidelines to prepare your article.Via the homepage of this journal(http://www.evise.com/evise/faces/pages/navigation/NavController.jspx?JRNL_ACR=ISWCR) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the v arious f les.The system automatically converts source f les to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF v ersion of the article, which is used in the peer-review process.Please note that even though manuscript source f les are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source f les are needed for further processing after acceptance.All correspondence, including notif cation of the Editor’s decision and requests for re vision, takes place by e-mail and via the author’s homepage, remo ving the need for a hard-cop y paper trail.If you are unable to provide an electronic version, please contact the editorial off ce prior to submission [example: e-mail: paige.chyu@gmail.com or iswcr@foxmail.com; telephone: +86 10 68786416; or fax: 86 10 68411174].

Additional Information

Tables and f gures may be presented with captions within the main body of the manuscript; if so, f gures should additionally be uploaded as high resolution f les.

PREPARATION

Use of wordprocessing software

It is important that the f le be sa ved in the nati ve format of the wordprocessor used.The text should be in single-column format.Keep the layout of the te xt as simple as possible.Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article.In particular,do not use the wordprocessor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words.However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each indi vidual table and not a grid for each ro w.If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns.The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts(see also the Guide to Publishing with Else vier: http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).Note that source f les of f gures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your f gures in the text.See also the section on Electronic illustrations.

To a void unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the“spell-check” and “grammar-check” functions of your wordprocessor.

LaTeX

If the LaTeX f le is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the te xt.The article should preferably be written using Else vier’s document class “elsarticle”, or alternatively any of the other recognized classes and formats supported in Else vier’s electronic submissions system, for further information see http://www.elsevier.com/wps/f nd/authorsview.authors/latex-ees-supported.

The Elsevier “elsarticle” LaTeX style f le package (including detailed instructions for LaT eX preparation) can be obtained from the Quickguide: http://www.elsevier.com/latex.It consists of the f le: elsarticle.cls, complete user documentation for the class f le,bibliographic style f les in various styles, and template f les for a quick start.

Article structure Subdivision - numbered sections

Divide your article into clearly def ned and numbered sections.Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc.(the abstract is not included in section numbering).Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to “the te xt”.Any subsection may be given a brief heading.Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background,avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods

Provide suff cient detail to allow the work to be reproduced.Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only rele vant modif cations should be described.

Theory/calculation

A Theory section should e xtend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work.In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.

Results

Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion

This should e xplore the signif cance of the results of the w ork, not repeat them.A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.Avoid e xtensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions

The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Appendices

If there is more than one appendix, the y should be identif ed as A, B,etc.F ormulae and equations in appendices should be gi ven separate numbering: Eq.(A.1), Eq.(A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq.(B.1) and so on.Similarly for tables and f gures: Table A.1; Fig.A.1, etc.

Essential title page information

·Title.Concise and informative.Titles are often used in informationretrieval systems.Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

·Author names and aff iliations.Where the f amily name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly.Present the authors’ aff liation addresses (where the actual work w as done) belo w the names.Indicate all aff liations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address.Pro vide the full postal address of each aff liation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

·Corresponding author.Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.

·Present/permanent address.If an author has mo ved since the work described in the article w as done, or was visiting at the time,a “Present address” (or “Permanent address”) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the w ork must be retained as the main,aff liation address.Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract

A concise and f actual abstract is required.The abstract should state brief y the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions.An abstract is often presented separately from the article,so it must be able to stand alone.F or this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s).Also,non-standard or uncommon abbre viations should be a voided, but if essential they must be def ned at their f rst mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords

Authors are invited to submit keywords associated with their paper.

Abbreviations

Def ne abbreviations that are not standard in this f eld in a footnote to be placed on the f rst page of the article.Such abbre viations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be def ned at their f rst mention there, as well as in the footnote.Ensure consistenc y of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help,writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

Nomenclature and units

Follow internationally accepted rules and con ventions: use the international system of units (SI).If other quantities are mentioned,give their equi valent in SI.Authors wishing to present a table of nomenclature should do so on the second page of their manuscript.

Math formulae

Present simple formulae in the line of normal te xt where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y.In principle, v ariables are to be presented in italics.Powers of e are often more con veniently denoted by e xp.Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly.Number them consecuti vely throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers.Man y wordprocessors build footnotes into the te xt, and this feature may be used.Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselv es separately at the end of the article.Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

Table footnotes

Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.

Artwork Electronic artwork

General points

· Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.

· Save text in illustrations as “graphics” or enclose the font.

· Only use the follo wing fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier,Times, Symbol.

· Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.

· Use a logical naming convention for your artwork f les.

· Provide captions to illustrations separately.

· Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.

· Submit each f gure as a separate f le.

A detailed guide on electronic artw ork is a vailable on our website:http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.

Formats

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artw ork is f nalised, please “save as” or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones,and line/halftone combinations given below):

EPS: Vector drawings.Embed the font or save the text as “graphics”.

TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): al ways use a minimum of 300 dpi.

TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.

TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale):a minimum of 500 dpi is required.

If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Off ce application(Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply “as is”.

Please do not:

· Supply f les that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT,WPG); the resolution is too low;

· Supply f les that are too low in resolution;

· Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color artwork

Please mak e sure that artw ork f les are in an acceptable format(TIFF, EPS or MS Off ce f les) and with the correct resolution.If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color f gures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional char ge, that these f gures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites)regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.

Figure captions

Ensure that each illustration has a caption.Supply captions separately,not attached to the f gure.A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the f gure itself) and a description of the illustration.K eep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables

Number tables consecuti vely in accordance with their appearance in the text.Place footnotes to tables belo w the table body and indicate them with superscript lo wercase letters.Avoid v ertical rules.Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

References Citation in text

Please ensure that e very reference cited in the te xt is also present in the reference list (and vice v ersa).Any references cited in the abstract must be gi ven in full.Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, b ut may be mentioned in the text.If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either “Unpublished results” or “Personal communication” Citation of a reference as “in press” implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Web references

As a minimum, the full URL should be gi ven and the date when the reference was last accessed.Any further information, if known (DOI,author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should

also be given.Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

References in a special issue

Please ensure that the w ords ‘this issue’ are added to an y references in the list (and an y citations in the te xt) to other articles in the same Special Issue.

Reference management software

This journal has standard templates a vailable in k ey reference management packages EndNote (http://www .endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp) and Reference Manager (http://refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp).Using plug-ins to w ordprocessing packages,authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be formatted according to the journal style which is described below.

Reference style

The International Soil and Water Conserv ation Research (ISWCR)follows the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) 6th for reference lists and text citation.The author are referred to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, ISBN 1-55798-790-4, copies of which may be ordered from http://www.apa.org/books/4200061.htmlorAP A Order Dept., P.O.B.2710, Hyattsville, MD 20784, USA.orAPA,3 Henrietta Street, London, WC3E 8LU, UK.Details concerning this referencing style can also be found at http://humanities.byu.edu/linguistics/Henrichsen/APA/APA01.html.

Examples:Text: All citations in the text should refer to:

One author

–Smith (2002) found…

–(Smith, 2002).

Two Authors:

–Smith and Jones (2003) found…

–(Smith & Jones, 2003).

Three or More Authors

–Smith et al.(2001) found…

- (Phelps et al., 2004)

–Smith et al.(2002) found…

Groups as Authors:

–1st Citation:(American Psychological Association [APA], 2000).

–Subsequent Citations:

(APA, 2000).

Anonymous or No Author

–Use f irst few words of reference list entry (usually title):

(—Study Finds, 1995)

(TEA, 2007)

Authors with Same Surname

–Include initials: S.T.Smith (2000) and J.D.Smith (1999)

Two of more works within the same parentheses

–In order alphabetically, as they would appear in references,separated by semi-colons

(Jones, 2003; Thomas, 2010)

–If by same author, then by date

(Jones, 2003, 2007)

References should be arranged f rst alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary.More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identif ed by the letters “a”,“b”, “c”, etc., placed after the year of publication

Reference to a journal publication

Carlson, L.A.(2003).Existential theory: Helping school counselors attend to youth at risk for violence.Professional School Counseling,6(5), 10-15.

Sagarin, B.J., & La wler-Sagarin, K.A.(2005).Critically e valuating competing theories: An exercise based on the Kitty Genovese murder.

Teaching of Psychology, 32(3), 167-169.

Hughes, J.C., Brestan, E.V., & Valle, L.A.(2004).Problem-solving interactions between mothers and children.Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 1-16.

Journal with more than seven authors

Gilbert, D.G., McCleron, J.F., Rabinovich, N.E., Sugai, C., Plath,L.C., Asgaard, G., Botros, N.(2004).Ef fects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attendtionlast for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress.Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267.

Herbst-Damm, K.L., & K ulik, J.A.(2005). Volunteer support,marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.Health Psychology, 24,225-229.doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Silick, T.J., & Schutte, N.S.(2006).Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between percei ved early parental lo ve and adult happiness.E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2),38-48.Retrie ved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap.

Reference to a book

Beck, C.A.J., & Sales, B.D.(2001).Family mediation: Facts, myths,and future prospects.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Johnson, R.A.(1989).Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory.In H.L.RoedigerIII & F.I.M.Craik(Eds.),Varieties of memory & consciousness(pp.309-330).Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.

English translation of a book:

Lang, P.S.(1951).A philosophical essay on probabilities(F.W.Truscott & F.L.Emory, Trans.).New York, NY: Dover.(Original work published 1814)

*In text, cite original date and translation date: (Lang, 1814/1951).

Dissertations and Theses

Caprette, C.L.(2005).Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes(Doctoral dissertation).Ohio State University,Columbus, OH.

Pecore, J.T.(2004).Sounding the spirit of Cambodia: The living tradition of Khmer music and dance-drama in a Washington, DC community(Doctoral dissertation).Retrie ved from Dissertations and Theses database.(UMI No.3114720)

Caprette, C.L.(2005).Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes(Doctoral dissertation).Retrie ved from http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi?acc_num=osu1111184984

Online resource from group/government

U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.(2003).Managing asthma: A guide for schools.Retrieved from http://www.nhibi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf

Reference in other Language

Hughes, J.C., Brestan, E.V., & Valle, L.A.(2004).Problem-solving interactions between mothers and children.Child and Family BehaviorTherapy, 26(1), 1-16.(In Chinese)

Journal abbreviations source

Journal names should be abbreviated according to Index Medicus journal abbre viations: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;

List of title w ord abbreviations: http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWAonline.php;

CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service): http://www.cas.org/sent.html.

Submission checklist

The following list will be useful during the f nal checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal for re view.Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.

Ensure that the following items are present:

One Author designated as corresponding Author:

· E-mail address

· Full postal address

· Telephone and fax numbers

All necessary f les have been uploaded

· K eywords

· All f gure captions

· All tables (including title, description, footnotes)

Further considerations

· Manuscript has been “spellchecked” and “grammar-checked”

· References are in the correct format for this journal

· All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the te xt,and vice versa

· Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)

· Color f gures are clearly mark ed as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of char ge) and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-andwhite in print

· If only color on the Web is required, black and white versions of the f gures are also supplied for printing purposes

For any further information please visit our customer support site at http://support.elsevier.com.

AFTER ACCEPTANCE

Use of the Digital Object Identif ier

The Digital Object Identif er (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents.The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI ne ver changes.Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document,particularly ‘Articles in press’ because the y ha ve not yet recei ved their full bibliographic information.The correct format for citing a DOI is sho wn as follo ws (example taken from a document in the journalPhysics Letters B): doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059 When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.

Proofs

One set of page proofs (as PDF f les) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the f les themselves.Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to do wnload Adobe Reader v ersion 7 (or higher) a vailable free from http://get.adobe.com/reader.Instructions on how to annotate PDF f les will accompany the proofs (also gi ven online).The exact system requirements are gi ven at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/systemreqs.

If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query F orm) and return them to Elsevier in an e-mail.Please list your corrections quoting line number.If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query F orm) on a printout of your proof and return by f ax, or scan the pages and e-mail,or by post.Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting,editing, completeness and correctness of the te xt, tables and f gures.Signif cant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor.We will do e verything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately - please let us ha ve all your corrections within 72 hours.It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed.Proofreading is solely your responsibility.Note that Else vier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

Offprints

The corresponding author, at no cost, will be pro vided with a PDF f le of the article via e-mail.F or an e xtra charge, paper of fprints can be ordered via the of fprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication.The PDF f le is a w atermarked version of the published article and includes a co ver sheet with the journal co ver image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

More information about article of fprint is a vailable here: http://webshop.elsevier.com/

AUTHOR INQUIRIES

For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission) please visit this journal’s homepage.Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be pro vided by the publisher.You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle.You can also check our Author FAQs (http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ) and/or contact Customer Support via http://support.elsevier.com.