坚持开拓中的同济风景园林

风景园林（Landscape Architecture，简称LA）作为一门具有特定内涵的独立学科，一般被认为由弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德（F.L.Olmsted, Jr.）与舒克利夫（A.A.Sharcliff）首开于1900年的美国哈佛大学。学科建立之初，知识基础已涉及空间规划、景观艺术、植物栽培、土建工程、气象学等多个学科。在中国，自1951年，由梁思成先生、吴良镛先生和汪菊渊先生共同发起，建立第一个风景园林专业至今，国内风景园林学科已经历了几十年的风风雨雨。进入21世纪，在新一轮的科技革命和产业变革背景下，历史进程正赋予风景园林更新更重的任务。现代风景园林作为现代科学技术支撑下的服务于意识形态的综合性、交叉性、实践类学科，已然不是传统意义上的风景园林，其内涵和外延处于不断更新拓展中。伴随着意识形态变化的以问题为导向的风景园林，在学科、行业和实践中，笔者认为，需要解决的问题无外乎4大类：科学问题、技术问题、工程问题及管控问题，而风景园林学科专业教育的目的，就在于主动服务国家战略和解决人民需求问题，并输送高水平的风景园林专业人才。

2022年，恰逢同济大学建筑与城市规划学院建院70周年，也迎来了同济大学风景园林学科发展的70周年。本期专题聚焦同济大学风景园林70年的发展历程，结合对国内不同高校风景园林专业教育改革与创新的探讨，以映射现代中国风景园林之路。同济大学是中国较早招收风景园林本科生、硕士生、博士生的教育机构之一，其风景园林学科自1952年设立至今，始终走在学科创新与专业教育发展的前列。在建筑学与风景园林学专家冯纪忠教授、陈从周教授等前辈学者的倡导下，同济风景园林学科蓬勃发展，与建筑、城乡规划学科共同组成了“三位一体”学科发展架构，形成了以工学为优势与特色的复合型教学、科研、实践平台。同济风景园林的70年，始终围绕城市园林绿化与城市生态规划、风景名胜区与美丽乡村规划、城市公共空间设计等国家需求，为中国现代风景园林学学科从无到有、发展繁荣、学科体系构建，以及本硕博专业教育体系化建构，做出了公认的开拓性探索与贡献，为风景园林成为一级学科发挥了关键作用。同济风景园林学科积极发挥智库作用，在国家公园和文化景观保护、国土空间生态规划与地方性规划设计、社区创新治理等领域，以及诸多规划设计项目实践中，成绩斐然、可圈可点，有力支撑了“生态文明”“美丽中国”建设。

2017年2月以来，国家教育部积极推进新工科建设，发布了《关于开展新工科研究与实践的通知》《关于推荐新工科研究与实践项目的通知》等文件，全力探索形成领跑全球工程教育的中国模式与中国经验，以助力高等教育强国建设。当下风景园林学科建设也需要改革，这是由发展需求倒逼所致，作为人居环境科学的三大支柱之一，风景园林学科的特质决定了其以解决现实问题与满足需求为主要导向，在建设生态文明、美丽中国的国家意识形态指引下，切实寻求立足于风景园林学科内核的理论原理、关键技术及可持续管控方法的创新研发，这才是风景园林学科专业生存发展的基础。相信同济风景园林，作为中国风景园林学科教育与实践探索的一面旗帜，继续引领传承创新，一定能将中国风景园林教育水平推向新的高度，形成具有世界一流、中国特色的风景园林专业教育典范。

主编

2022年8月15日

Persist in Developing Tongji Landscape Architecture

Landscape Architecture ( LA ), as an independent discipline with specific connotations, is generally considered to be initiated by F.L.Olmsted.Jr.and A.A.Sharcliff.in 1900 at Harvard University in the United States.At the beginning of the discipline’s establishment, the knowledge base has already covered many disciplines such as spatial planning, landscape art, plant cultivation, civil engineering, and meteorology;In 1951, Mr.Liang Sicheng, Mr.Wu liangyong and Mr.Wang juyuan jointly initiated and established the first Landscape Architecture major in China.So far, the domestic Landscape Architecture discipline has experienced several decades of ups and downs.In the 21st century, under the background of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, landscape architecture is being given a heavier task in the historical process.Modern landscape architecture, as a comprehensive, intersecting and practical discipline that serves ideology under the support of science and technology, is no longer the traditional landscape architecture,and its connotation and extension are constantly updated and expanded.With the change of ideology, the problem-oriented landscape architecture needs to solve 4 categories of problems in the discipline, industry and practice: scientific problems,technical problems, engineering problems and management and control problems.The purpose of the professional education of Landscape Architecture is to actively serve the national strategy, solve the problem of people, and output high-level landscape architecture professionals for the society.

The year 2022 coincides with the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the College of Architecture & Urban Planning of Tongji University, and also ushers in the 70th anniversary of the development of the Landscape Architecture discipline of Tongji University.This issue focuses on the 70-year development history of Landscape Architecture in Tongji University, combined with the discussion on the reform and innovation of Landscape Architecture education in different domestic universities,to map the road of modern Chinese Landscape Architecture.Tongji University is one of the earliest educational institutions in China to recruit undergraduates, postgraduates and doctoral students in Landscape Architecture.Since its establishment in 1952, the Landscape Architecture discipline has always been at the forefront of discipline innovation and professional education development.Under the initiative of senior scholars such as professors Feng Jizhong and Chen Congzhou, the discipline of Landscape Architecture in Tongji has flourished, and has formed a “trinity” discipline development framework.It is also a composite teaching and scientific research entity with advantage of engineering.In the past 70 years, Tongji Landscape Architecture has always focused on the national needs of urban greening and urban ecological planning, scenic spots and beautiful rural planning, urban public space design.It has made recognized pioneering contributions to the development and prosperity of modern Chinese Landscape Architecture, the construction of the discipline system,and the systematic construction of the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral professional education, and also played a key role in making Landscape Architecture a first-class discipline.Tongji Landscape Architecture has made remarkable achievements in the fields of national park and cultural landscape protection, ecological planning and local planning and design of national land and space, community innovation governance, as well as in many planning and design projects, which has effectively supported the construction of “Ecological Civilization” and “Beautiful China”.

Since February 2017, the Ministry of Education of the people’s Republic of China has actively promoted the construction of new engineering disciplines, and issued documents such astheNoticeonLaunchingtheResearchandPracticeof NewEngineeringCoursesandtheNoticeonRecommendingResearchandPractice ProjectsofNewEngineeringCourses, to fully explore the formation of a Chinese model and Chinese experience leading the global engineering education, so as to help the construction of a strong country in higher education.The current Landscape Architecture discipline construction also needs to be reformed.Sometimes, the reform is forced by the development demand.As one of the three pillars of human settlements science, the characteristics of Landscape Architecture determine that it is oriented to solve practical problems and meet needs.Guided by the national ideology of building ecological civilization and beautiful China, it is the basis for the survival and development of the Landscape Architecture discipline to earnestly seek the innovative research and development of the theoretical principles, key technologies and sustainable management and control methods.Tongji Landscape Architecture, as a banner of Chinese Landscape Architecture discipline education and practical exploration,should be inherited and innovated to promote the Chinese Landscape Architecture education level to a new height, and form a world-class Landscape Architecture professional education model with Chinese characteristics.

Editor-in-Chief

August 15th, 2022