海口市民游客中心，海南，中国

2022-05-25中国建筑设计研究院有限公司本土设计研究中心

世界建筑 2022年5期

关键词：骑楼火山岩屋面

中国建筑设计研究院有限公司本土设计研究中心

客户：海南华侨城市民游客中心建设管理有限公司

主创建筑师：崔愷，康凯

设计团队：朱巍，张一楠，马欣，李俐，史杰，杨东辉，董新淼，郭丝雨，张龙，白雪涛，关午军，魏黎，齐海娟，杨冠杰

建筑面积：28,976m2

设计时间：2017.07

竣工时间：2018.05

绘图：朱巍，张一楠，马欣，李俐

摄影：张广源，张一楠，李季

Client:Haikou OCT Tourist Centre Construction Management Company

Principal Architects:CUI Kai,KANG Kai

Project Team:ZHU Wei,ZHANG Yinan,MA Xin,LI Li,SHI Jie,YANG Donghui,DONG Xinmiao,GUO Siyu,ZHANG Long,BAI Xuetao,GUAN Wujun,WEI Li,QI Haijuan,YANG Guanjie

Floor Area:28,976 m2

Design Time:2017.07

Completion Time:2018.05

Drawing:ZHU Wei,ZHANG Yinan,MA Xin,LI Li

Photos:ZHANG Guangyuan,ZHANG Yinan,LI Ji

海口市民游客中心所在的海口市滨海公园是海口三园合一的核心区域。为了削弱建筑体量对公园的压迫感，我们避开了湖边开阔的场地，将建筑设置在公园西北角一处隐蔽的狭长用地上，并将建筑环绕现状山体布置，保留了用地北侧小学和公园之间的视线通廊，也有效回避了公园西侧电站杂乱立面对公园景观的干扰。

海口地处低纬度热带北缘，气候湿热多雨，在这样特殊的自然气候条件下，我们用纤细的钢撑起巨大的曲线形木屋面，遮阳避雨，为市民提供一处舒适的半室外活动场所。朝西的完整火山岩形体嵌入窄窗，减少西向阳光直射；东向立面朝向公园，大部分建筑位于棚架之下，立面上使用通透的大窗将公园景观引入室内，建筑形体的组合也更加丰富多变，形成了高低错落的活动平台。

火山岩作为海口本地的代表性材料成为建筑立面及地面铺装的主要材料，红色浮岩孔隙率大且容重轻，砂浆抓结力大不易脱落，用于建筑外墙；深灰色火山岩又称玄武岩，孔隙小且坚硬，用于室内外铺地。

建筑屋面呈现出宛如叶片般轻盈的漂浮感，屋面材料采用温暖轻盈的木结构。现代的胶合木工艺结合先进的木材防腐处理技术，即便长期在潮湿高盐的海洋空气中也不易腐烂变质。屋面底部的暴露木构架，形成富有结构韵律感的空间效果。木材本身具有吸湿、环保、保温隔热等特性，其可再生性更是限制能源消耗和资源转换的最有效措施。

评委评语

这是一个颇具匠心且充满了实验性的建筑作品，反映出设计者对特定的地域气候、文化敏锐的观察力、感悟力，以及深刻挖掘当地人生存智慧并将其自然融入到建筑创作中的能力。

3 片水平延展的木结构屋顶，漂浮在微缩的“城市聚落”之上，它不仅塑造了大量的阴影，也为人们在不同的高度上的闲暇游走，提供了舒适、遮阳避雨的公共空间。屋顶下，有着明显砌筑建造特点的不同尺度的建筑，反映出当地传统骑楼、老街原型的特征。一种近人尺度的、多层次、多孔的建筑空间系统，即拥抱自然、与自然充分交互，又重塑了一种与当地文化息息相关的公共生活经验。

The Tourist Centre is located in Haikou Binhai Park.In order to weaken the oppressiveness of the building mass to the park,we did not use the open site by the lake but set the building on a narrow and secluded site in the northwest corner,arranged the layout along the existing mountain,retaining the view corridor between the primary school on the north side of the site and the park,effectively avoiding the disturbance of the landscape from the power station on the west side of the park.

Haikou is located at the northern edge of the low latitude tropical zone.The climate is humid,hot and rainy.Under such special climate conditions,we use slender steel columns to support a huge curved wooden roof,to shade from the sun and rain,providing a comfortable semi-outdoor activity place for citizens.The volcanic rock form facing west are embedded with narrow windows to reduce direct sunlight from the west.The east façade faces towards the park.The buildings are located under the wooden canopy.Glass curtain wall invites the park scenery into the interior space.The combination of architectural forms is rich and changeable,forming activity platforms on different levels.

As a representative material in Haikou,volcanic rock becomes the major material for building façade and ground pavement.Red pumice has large porosity and light bulk weight,high grip on mortar,often used on exterior walls;Dark grey volcanic rock,also known as basalt,has small and hard pores,often used for indoor and outdoor paving.

The building roof has a light and leaf-like floating appearance.The roof material uses wood structure which expresses warm and light nature.The modern glulam combined with advanced anti-corrosion treatment is not easy to rot and deteriorate even in humid and high salt sea air for along time.The exposed wooden frame at the bottom of the roof forms a spatial effect full of structural rhythm.Wood itself has the characteristics ofmoisture absorption,environmental protection,thermal insulation and so on.Its renewability is the most effective measure to limit energy consumption and enhance resource conversion.

1 木棚架与骑楼 Wooden shed and arcade

2 草图 Sketch

Jury Statement

This is a quite ingenious and experimental architectural work,showcasing the designer's keen observation and perception of the specific regional climate and culture,as well as the ability to explore in depth the survival wisdom of the local people and to integrate it into their work.

The three pieces of horizontally-extended timber roofs float above the miniature "urban settlement",which not only creates lots of shadows,but also offers a sheltered comfortable public space for visitors to wander around at different heights.Under the roof,there are buildings of different scales with obvious masonry construction characteristics,mirroring the features of the traditional local arcade and old street.

It is a near-human-scale,multi-layered and porous architectural spatial system that embraces and fully interacts with nature while reshaping a public life experience that is closely related to the local culture.□ (Translated by Dandan Wang)