条件状语从句
2022-04-07供稿
供稿:高 洁
考点详解
条件状语从句,即在某种条件下,一件事情可能发生。条件是指某件事情实现之后(状语从句中),一件事情(主句)才能发生,通常译作“假如,只要,如果”等意思。
引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有:if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要),等等。条件状语从句中,主从句的时态要遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。如:
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨,我就待在家。
You can’t learn English well unless you work hard.
除非你努力学习,否则是学不好英语的。
1.if 引导的条件状语从句
表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
If we pay much attention to the earth,we’ll have a better world.
如果我们多关爱地球,我们会拥有一个更美好的世界。
If it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?
如果明天下雨,我们怎么办?
If you ask him,he will help you.
如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.
如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
注意:if 还可以引导虚拟条件句,表示不可实现的条件,从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:
What would happen if there were no water?
如果没有水会怎样?
2.unless 引导的条件状语从句
unless 的意思是“如果不,除非”。如:
You will fail in English unless you work hard.
如果你不努力,你的英语考试会不及格。
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
Unless it rains,the game will be played.
除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
3.as/so long as 引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as 的意思是“只要”。如:
So long as you’re happy,I will be happy.
只要你高兴,我就高兴。
You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.
只要你保持书整洁,你就可以借我的书。
4.once 引导的条件状语从句
once 引导的条件状语从句,意为“一旦……就”,从句可置于主句前或后。如:
Once you begin,never stop.
一旦开始,就不要停止。
Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules.
一旦你理解了规则,数学就不难学了。
注意:在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
If the weather is bad next week,we’ll put off the climbing.
如果下周天气不好,我们将推迟爬山。
Father told me if I asked he would help me.
爸爸告诉我,如果我请求,他会给我帮助。
5.引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if
常见的if 条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生。条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如:
If you have finished the homework,you can go home.
如果你作业写完了,你就可以回家了。
另外,if 从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如:
If I were you,I would invite him to the party.
如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
要不是交通拥堵,我会来得早一些。
6.if 条件句的时态搭配
(1)if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。如:
If he runs,he’ll get there in time.
如果他跑步去,他会及时赶到那儿。
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
如果你扯猫的尾巴,它就会挠你。
(2)if 从句用一般现在时,主句用may/ might/ can。如:
If the fog gets thicker,the plane may/might be diverted.
如果雾再大一些,飞机有可能改在别的机场降落。
If it stops snowing,we can go out.
如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。
(3)if 从句用一般现在时,主句用must/ should。如:
If you want to lose weight,you must/ should eat less cake.
如果你想减肥,你必须少吃蛋糕。
(4)if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时。如:
If you heat ice,it turns to water.
如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。
(5)if 从句用现在进行时,主句用一般将来时。如:
If you are looking for Peter,you’ll find him upstairs.
如果你找彼得,上楼就会找到他。
(6)if 从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时。如:
If you have finished dinner,I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来结账。
【知识拓展】
1.在以when、before、as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中,也适用“主将从现”原则,即如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时,如:
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.
当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
She will give you a call as soon as she returns.
她一回来就会给你电话。
2.If 条件句的同义句:祈使句,and/or+将来时态的陈述句
Work hard,and you will make great progress.
=If you work hard,you will make great progress.
如果你努力学习,你就会取得很大进步。
Hurry up,or you will be late.
=If you don’t hurry up,you will be late.
如果你不快点,你就要迟到了。
练习
1.You won’t get to the subway station before 9:00 am _______ you leave earlier.
A.unless B.until C.because D. when
2.If New Mart _______ 24 hours a day during the winter holiday,I will feel_______.
A.is open;excited B.is open;exciting
C.will open;excited D.will open;exciting
3.I won’t be able to understand what you say, you speak too quickly.
A.if B.though C.because D.but
4.Lucy and I have been friends for years._______ my memory is correct,we first met in a meeting.
A.If B.Because C.Though D.When
5.I think you should complain _______ you are happy with the situation.
A.unless B.however C.after D.though
6.I will have to close my clothes shop _______ my business improves.
A.if B.unless C.after D.when
7.Chuck will go swimming with us tomorrow afternoon _______ he can finish his homework by then.
A.so B.but C.if D.or
8._______ you have a picnic this weekend,remember to call me.
A.As B.For C.If D.Because