卤泡面鱼
2022-04-06田长尧
田长尧
鹵泡面鱼,即把面鱼撕碎泡在卤里,有汁有面,有油有鲜,是旧时老黄县庄户人家最喜欢的一种趣吃。
旧时,老黄县有赶集的习俗,城乡大集上都有卤泡面鱼趣吃,有打棚的,有露天的,多数是一家人经营,有一个人专门负责熬卤;有两个人专门负责炸面鱼,一个面案,用手从面堆上抓一团面摊开,形状如鱼,再割划两刀,丢至油锅;另一个人负责油炸火候,待面鱼漂浮油面捞出。集上面鱼点,有供食者用的小桌和小凳,多数是将一根树干锯成三块长板,中间宽的当桌,两边窄的当凳,腿是钉入地下的木桩。卖者将刚出油锅的面鱼放小柳条筐与一大碗卤同时送到买者面前,食者将面鱼撕开,放入卤中,吃一口面鱼,喝一口卤,有滋有味。
面鱼,因其状如鱼,故称面鱼,关东人也有称“炉箅子”的,也是因其形状取名。面鱼如油条,同是油炸面食,但做法不一,面鱼是老面发酵,施碱,且加盐,食之香软“劲道”,有咸味;而油条是油条粉发酵,为了酥脆加适量矾,黄县称油条为“麻腾”。做面鱼是个技术活,碱要合适,碱大的面鱼一股“碱性味”,碱少面鱼放油锅不爱膨胀,炸不透,中间有死面。而面和水的比例要恰到好处,施好碱的面要松软一些,能拉成鱼状,且薄厚均匀。油要烧沸,油的热度不够,炸出的面鱼不仅吃油多,且绵软不挺。当白色生面鱼,在油中发出“兹拉兹拉”声响,面鱼周边冒起小泡泡,其色由白变成金黄,再将面鱼在油中翻个,当面鱼鼓起来,金黄色,在油面上浮动,即为炸透炸熟,用长筷子夹出,穿到锅边一根横铁棍上,控油,待食,面鱼特点是外酥脆内嫩软,油香无比。
卤,是老黄县人中午吃面鱼的最佳伴侣,早餐吃的面鱼一般配豆浆,晚餐一般不吃面鱼。老黄县做卤称“打卤”,打卤有五样食材和原料不可缺,一是淀粉,加适量水将淀粉调稀,为“打芡”,水开锅后,将芡边搅边倒水中,轻轻搅动溶入沸水,不能反复搅动,搅太过了水和淀粉分离,卤变成一锅稀水,卤稀厚适中为上品。二是肉片,且有一定比例的肥肉片,漂浮卤上如片片白云,看之美,食之香。打卤的肉片不要放油中炒,要直接放入水中,过油的肉片卷曲萎缩又失去洁白。三要蘑菇,最好是浸泡的干蘑,蘑菇味足。卤最独特的美味是蘑菇香,没有蘑菇怎能称卤。四是鸡蛋,芡入锅后,将搅稀的蛋汤飞入锅中,所谓“飞”,是将蛋汤在锅中转圈泼,一丝一丝入卤,不能一下倒入,以卤中形成一缕一缕金黄霞光为优。五是酱油,锅中水沸前倒入酱油,色调至浅红为佳。当然,打卤首先是葱姜末爆锅,加水,再放其它原料。打卤除上述五样必须材料外,人们还可以按自己爱好添加,如鱼米、海米、鲜扇贝、海蛎子、虾仁等。
当今的国人很喜欢吃外国人的面包、热狗、汉堡、比萨,而旧时来中国的外国人也非常喜欢卤泡面鱼。我的老家是老黄县宋家疃村,1892年,美籍牧师浦其维来到我们村,创办了一所哈约瀚男子学校,直至1903年司提友接替浦其维任校长,学校才从我们村迁至城东小栾家疃。浦其维在我们村住了十年,和村民混得很熟。有些富贵人家还请浦其维到家中做客。美酒佳肴他当然喜欢,但他最喜欢吃的是卤泡面鱼。浦其维吃卤泡面鱼还是家父听爷爷说的,爷爷当时在县衙做事,他每次请浦其维来家吃饭,他总会用生硬的汉语问:“田,卤泡面鱼,有吗?”爷爷笑而不答。浦其维常说:“黄县的面鱼就是美国的面包,没面包甜,比面包香。黄县卤就是美国的咖啡,没咖啡苦,比咖啡鲜,不刺激。”
The Chinese fried dough in thick gravy mixes split Chinese fried dough with thick gravy. With gravy and fried dough and grease and delicacy, it was a favorite food for farmers in Huang County in old times.
In old times there was a tradition of trading in the fair in Huang County. The Chinese fried dough in thick gravy was always served in urban and rural fairs. Some stalls were sheltered and some in the open air. Most of them were operated by a family with one person in charge of cooking gravy and two in charge of frying doughs. For the two persons, one saw to the dough, taking a piece of dough from the pile of dough, spreading it in the shape of a fish, cutting it twice and throwing it into the boiling oil; the other saw to the duration of the fry and took the fried doughs out when they floated on the surface of the oil.