高考阅读中一个不可忽视的高频命题点

李玲

我們知道，高考命题是以课标词为依据的，但有时也会出现个别或极少数超标词，一旦超标词影响文意理解或影响解题，通常会注明汉语意思。因此，在高考中，一定要高度重视注明了汉语的地方。

我们在分析2021年新高考全国卷后发现，新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读四篇文章中的七个注明汉语的单词与五道阅读题直接相关，新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读有两篇文章共三个单词注明了汉语，也都与两道阅读题的解题直接相关。也就是说，凡注明汉语处，均与答案信息直接相关，要么就在注明了汉语这个词的该句，要么在该词的上句或下句。因此，注明汉语处是高考阅读命题的一个特高频考点，我们一定要注意。

值得一提的是，正确选项中的某个或某些词与文中的词语几乎都是词语复现，如原词复现、近义词复现、同根词复现等。请看高考真题：

一、答案在汉语注释词的所在句

答案信息就在注明了汉语的这个词所在的这个句子中。

[例1]（新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读A篇）Rome can be pricey for travelers， which is why many choose to stay in a hostel（旅社）. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night， and for that， you’ll often get to stay in a central location（位置）with security and comfort.

21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel？

A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.

分析：本题问“选择住旅社的游客主要关心的可能是什么？”由含注明了汉语意思的hostel（旅社）一词所在句“对于游客来说，罗马的物价很高，这就是为什么很多人选择住旅社的原因”可知，游客最关心的是“价格”，故选C项。选项C的price（价格）与文中pricey（价格高的）为同根词复现。

[例2]（新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读C篇）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America， the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife ... Unfortunately ... Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations， greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.

28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America？

A. Loss of wetlands.

B. Popularity of water sports.

C. Pollution of rivers.

D. Arrival of other wild animals.

分析：本题问“北美水禽数量下降的一个原因是什么？”由第一段中含汉语注释的两个单词waterfowl（水禽）和habitat （栖息地）所在的句子可知，水禽数量下降的原因有二，一是数以百万计的水禽被猎人和少数野心勃勃的运动员所杀，二是数百万英亩的湿地因要供养和安置不断增长的人口而变得干燥，大大减少了水禽的栖息地，浏览各选项，只有A项Loss of wetlands（湿地的丧失）与原文greatly reducing waterfowl habitat相吻合。选项中loss与文中reducing是近义词复现，wetlands为原词复现。

[例3]（新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读D篇）Salah Sukkarieh， a professor at the University of Sydney， sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags（标签）on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape， color and texture（质地）of grass. That way， cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.

13. What will Sukkarieh’s robot be able to do？

A. Monitor the quality of grass.

B. Cure the diseased cattle.

C. Move cattle to another field.

D. Predict weather changes.

分析：本题问“Sukkarieh的机器人能做什么？”注明汉语的Radio tags（标签）的前一句说，该机器人能够“判断奶牛是否生病”，Radio tags（标签）所在句说，能够“测量温度的变化”，注明汉语的texture（质地）所在句说，能够“跟踪草地的质量”，对比各选项，只有A项“监测草的质量”与原文相符。

二、答案在汉语注释词的上一句

答案信息在注明了汉语的这个词所在句的上一个句子中。

[例1]（新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读D篇）Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support， the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis（重视）on emotion by employers， educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence？

A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.

分析：本題问“作者对情商普及持什么态度？”答案在汉语注释词emphasis（重视）的上一句“……但公众关注的总体效果是利大于弊的（... more beneficial than harmful）。”该句是本段的主题句，是作者对情商普及表达的观点，接下来的emphasis（重视）所在句和下一句各列出一条支撑该观点的理由。因此，作者对情商普及是表示赞同的，故选A项，Favorable与文中more beneficial为近义词复现。

[例2]（新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读D篇）Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable， we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades， advances in science will offer new perspectives（视角） from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence， with its focus on both head and heart， may serve to point us in the right direction.

35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence？

A. Its appeal to the public.

B. Expectations for future studies.

C. Its practical application.

D. Scientists with new perspectives.

分析：本题问“关于情商，最后一段主要讲了什么？”由汉明汉语的perspectives（视角）的所在句及上一句，we hope that...和It is our hope that...可知，选B项，“对未来研究的展望”。其中expectation与hope为同义词复现。

三、答案在汉语注释词的下一句

答案信息在注明了汉语的这个词所在句的下一个句子中。

[例1]（新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读D篇）Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional（情感的） intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test， such as character， motivation， confidence， mental stability， optimism and“people skills.”Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities， but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence？

A. It can be measured by an IQ test.

B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.

C. It includes a set of emotional skills.

D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

分析：本題问“对情商常见的误解是什么？”由汉语注释词emotional （情感的）的下一句“现在，许多人将情商误解为是不能用智商来测量的一切可取的（desirable）品质，如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和人际交往能力等。”可知，D项“它指的是一个人的积极品质”与此吻合，其中positive与desirable是近义词复现。

[例2]（新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读C篇）A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World’s Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.

Andria Zafirakou，a north London secondary school teacher， said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution（变革）. “We are going to make a change， ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”

8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money？

A. Make a movie.      B. Build new schools.

C. Run a project.      D. Help local musicians.

分析：本题问“扎菲拉库（Zafirakou）将如何使用她的奖金？”本文首段说，“英国一名女子因被评为‘世界最佳教师’而获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔钱为英国的学校带来鼓舞人心的人物。”第二段和第三段具体说明她将如何使用这笔钱。由注明了汉语的revolution （变革）的下一句，“我已经开始了一项在我们的学校推广艺术教学的计划。”可知用这笔奖金来开始推广一项计划（started a project）。浏览各选项，只有C项正确，其中project是原词复现。

总之，汉语注释不但对理解文章意思非常重要，也往往是阅读题的命题点或答案信息点所在之处，务必要高度重视。凡是试卷中出现汉语注释都不可忽视，无论出现在哪一种题型当中。

责任编辑 蒋小青