智慧轨道交通为冬奥会添彩

李中浩

(中国城市轨道交通协会专家和学术委员会副主任，原铁道部信息技术中心主任)

举世瞩目的第24届冬季奥运会2022年2月4日将在北京-张家口开幕。北京成为世界上首个举办过夏季和冬季奥林匹克运动会的城市，也是世界上首个举办冬奥会的首都城市。然而北京距张家口赛场170多km，距延庆赛场70多km，其交通问题的解决方案引起了人们的关注。

北京冬奥会建设了一个以轨道交通为骨干的绿色公共交通网。人们在北京冬奥会期间可以通过地铁、高铁、公交车等公共交通工具，快速、便捷抵达各个场馆。构建高速铁路、城际铁路、市郊铁路、城市轨道交通4网融合、便捷高效的轨道交通体系，需在制式融合、智能智慧、绿色低碳等理念指导下进行规划与设计，需从运输组织入手，对跨城、跨省、跨多种运输方式与管理体制进行一体化的策划。

从1909年詹天佑设计建成的京张铁路到2019年开通的京张高铁，中国铁路走过了110年，如今与冬奥会交汇。2019年12月30日复兴号智能列车从北京北站的副中心清河站出发，在100多米深的地下穿越八达岭长城，到达河北张家口，全程只需48 min。

2021年12月1日京张高铁延庆支线通车，从清河站出发，只需26 min就可抵达延庆站。清河站、延庆站是集高铁、市郊铁路、地铁、公交、出租车等多种交通方式于一体的综合枢纽。从延庆站乘摆渡车30 min内即可直达延庆赛区各赛场。延庆赛区内的11条索道，为运动员、观众提供高山交通网络，从小海坨山山脚下的延庆冬奥村抵达海拔2 198 m的国家高山滑雪中心仅需30 min。随着今年年底北京地铁11号线开通，北京赛区6个场馆(首都体育馆、国家速滑馆、国家体育馆、五棵松体育中心、国家游泳中心、首钢滑雪大跳台中心)实现地铁覆盖。北京-张家口-延庆轨道交通网络由现代高科技提供技术支撑：

智慧旅客服务。该系统采用融合人脸识别、测温、健康码为一体的自动检测闸机,提供“三合一”进站服务；站区设置的开放式旅客服务中心、服务机器人、查询机等智能设备，将提供轨道交通、冬奥会和城市之间的接续导航服务。冬奥会期间，消费者可根据自身习惯及使用偏好，选择数字人民币软、硬钱包，实现交通出行、餐饮住宿、购物消费、旅游观光、医疗卫生、通信服务、票务娱乐等7大类场景的数字人民币消费。借冬奥会的东风，轨道交通部门将投入中英文自动售票机、中英文售票APP；铁路12306 APP当前版本已预埋多语言功能，已具备上线应用示范条件，也许在北京冬奥会期间会给你带来意外惊喜。

智能建造领域。在该系统的建设过程中，通过各生产环节的数字化技术实践，以BIM技术运用为核心，搭建了BIM设计参数化协同平台。基于BIM+GIS的工程建设管理平台实现建设数据的自动采集和信息互联，支撑参建各方协同管理、辅助决策以及建设质量的可追溯闭环管理。在新八达岭隧道、八达岭长城站的建设中创新地采用了下叠层暗挖洞群车站设计和施工；清华园隧道的智能建造中，采用了全预制拼装盾构隧道；官厅水库大桥按钢桁梁模块化、自动化和智能化的建造技术体系，进行工厂化修建。

智能装备领域。在世界上首次实现了时速350 km的高速动车组自动驾驶。通过全车设置的2 700多个传感监测点，实现高速列车和运行环境状态的实时检测；通过运用数据挖掘技术，推进了移动装备和基础设施的健康管理(PHM)；通过应用云计算、边缘计算、智能分析等新技术，实现了数据云化存储、视频智能分析，增强了安全保障水平。复兴号智能动车组具备5G信号接收功能，可满足奥运赛事直播要求。自2019年12月30日京张智能高铁开通以来，高速铁路ATO系统运行平稳、系统稳定，得到了用户的好评。

在城市轨道交通11号线的奥运支线上，将试验全自动运行的虚拟灵活编组、主动障碍物检测等新技术；根据客流需求，灵活调整列车运行图，改变列车开行方案，以提高列车运行指挥的灵活性，提升旅客乘坐轨道交通出行的便捷性。

网络化、智慧化、低碳化的轨道交通正在为人们提供安全、便捷、高效、绿色、经济的出行服务，改变着乘客的出行习惯。北京-张家口-延庆轨道交通网络将在冬奥会上令人耳目一新。

Commentary

Smart Rail Transit Brings a Shine to Winter Olympics

LIZhonghao

(Deputy Director of China Association of Metros Expert and Academic Committee, Director of Former Ministry of Railways Information Technology Center)

The worldwide beholding 24th Winter Olympics is opening in Beijing-Zhangjiakou on 4 February 2022.Beijing is the first city to have held both Summer and Winter Olympic Games in the world, and the first capital city to hold Winter Olympics in the world.However, Beijing is over 170 km away from Zhangjiakou Competition Zone, and over 70 km away from Yanqing Competition Zone, which arises attention towards solutions to transportation problem.

Beijing Winter Olympics has fabricated a green public transport network with rail transit as backbone.Visitors can arrive at each arena easily by public transport means such as metro, high-speed railway and bus.To construct an efficient rail transit system with fusion of 4-network, high-speed railway, intercity railway, suburban railway and urban rail transit, it is necessary to carry out planning and design under the ideology guidance of system integration, intelligentization and smartness, green low-carbonization, and to formulate integrated planning between management system and transportation organization, across cities, provinces and multiple transport means.

From the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway designed and completed by Zhan Tianyou in 1909, to the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway launched in 2019, China Railway has walked 110 years to this historical moment encountering Winter Olympics.On 30 December 2019, Fuxing Smart EMU departed from Qinghe Railway Station of Beijing North Railway Station, traveling over 100 m deep below the Great Wall of Badaling, arriving at Zhangjiakou of Hebei province, taking only 48 min.

On 1 December 2021, Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway Yanqing Branch Line was successfully launched.It takes only 26 min from Qinghe Railway Station to Yanqing Station.Qinghe Railway Station, Yanqing Station are integrated hubs coordinating multiple transport means including high-speed railway, suburban railway, metro, bus, taxi.Shuttle bus at Yanqing Station has direct routes to every arena in Yanqing Competition Zone within 30 min.11 routes of cable transport inside Yanqing Competition Zone provides mountain transport network for athletes and audience.It takes only 30 min from Yanqing Winter Olympic Village at the foot of Small Haituo Mountain to reach the Xiaohaituo Alpine Skiing Field located at an altitude of 2 198 m.With Beijing Metro Line 11 starting operation by the end of this year, the six stadiums in Beijing Competition Zone(Capital Indoor Stadium, National Speed Skating Oval, National Indoor Stadium, Wukesong Arena, National Aquatics Center, Big Air Shougang)will have all entered the metro coverage.Beijing-Zhangjiakou-Yanqing rail transit network is technically supported by modern high technologies:

SmartPassengerService.The system adopts AFC gate that integrates human face recognition, temperature detection, health code scanning for entry service.The intelligent equipment set in station area, such as open passenger service center, service robot, inquiry machine, will provide connection navigation service among rail transit, Winter Olympics and cities.During Winter Olympics, consumers can choose digital yuan online or hardware wallet according to their own habits and preferences, enjoying using e-RMB in 7 major life scenes including transportation, food and accommodation, shopping, sight-seeing, medical support, telecommunication, entertainment.Riding the wave of Winter Olympics, rail transit departments will launch CN-EN automatic ticket vending machine and CN-EN ticket APP.The current version of railway 12306 APP is already embedded with multi-language functionality, ready for online demonstration and utilization.The delight Beijing Winter Olympics brings about might surprise visitors beyond expectation.

IntelligentConstructionField.During the construction of the system, through digitalized technical practice at each production link, with BIM technology application as core, a BIM-based design parametric collaborative platform is constructed.Auto-collection and information interoperation of construction data is achieved on the engineering construction management platform based on BIM+GIS.It supports collaborative management, decision-making assistance and trackable closed-loop management of construction quality among all parties involved.In the project of New Badaling Tunnel and Badaling Great Wall Railway Station, layered underground excavation cave group is innovatively adopted for station design and construction.The intelligent construction of Qinghuayuan Tunnel adopts full-prefabrication shield tunnel.Guanting Reservoir Bridge is constructed using factory construction technology system of steel truss girder modularization, automation and intelligentization.

IntelligentEquipmentField.High-speed EMU automatic operation at the speed of 350 km/h is accomplished first time worldwide.With more than 2 700 sensor monitoring points set on the whole vehicle, real-time detection of high-speed train and operation environment condition is realized.Through data mining, PHM(prognostic and health management)of movable equipment and infrastructure is promoted.Through new technologies such as application cloud calculation, edge computing, intelligent analysis, the data cloud storage and video intelligent analysis are developed, and safety guarantee level is enhanced.5G signal receiving functionality is equipped on Fuxing Smart EMU, meeting the live broadcasting demand of Olympic games.Since the launch of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Smart High-speed Railway on 30 December 2019, high-speed railway ATO system is operating stably, gaining positive feedback from users.

On the Olympic branch line of urban rail transit Line 11, new technologies including FAO virtual flexible marshalling, active obstacle detection will be tested.By adapting train operation and revising train operation plan to meet passenger flow demand, the flexibility in directing train operation is elevated, as well as rail transit traveling convenience for passengers.

The internetized, intelligentized, and low-carbonized rail transit is providing safe, convenient, efficient, green, economical traveling services, reshaping the traveling habits of passengers.The Beijing-Zhangjiakou-Yanqing rail transit network is presenting an unprecedented and immersive experience at the Beijing Winter Olympics.

(TranslatedbyZHANGLiman)