高考阅读中调研报告的一个相同考点

罗丽雯

调查报告类主要是呈现某一调查结果，借助客观数据说明问题，也会谈及调查方法，这类文章在高考中较为常见，近5年的高考题中有8篇文章。

调查类阅读可分以下两类：一类全文是一篇调研报告;另一类则只是文中一个段落，用来支撑作者的观点。具体分布，详见下表：

本文要表述的是，在纯调查报告类文章中，调查结果是必考点。请看以下各题：

[例1]（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）

Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？ To test for that possibility，Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories： thousands of articles on The New York Timeswebsite. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Timesreaders and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

30. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research？

A. Sports news. B. Science articles.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

解析：由文中表示調研结果的句子One of his first findings was that...可知，选B项。

[例2]（2019年全国Ⅰ卷）

In one study， Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents， scoring the least liked， the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）.“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us.”

34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids？

A. They appeared to be aggressive.

B. They tended to be more adaptable.

C. They enjoyed the highest status.

D. They performed well academically.

解析：由表示调研结果的句子It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment...可知，选B项。

[例3]（2021年全国乙卷）

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background， from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）， 70 decibels， and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however， the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small， this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability？

A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels.

C. 70 decibels.     D. 85 decibels.

解析：由表示调研结果的however， the participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups（然而，70分贝组的参与者表现明显好于其他组）可知，选C项。

由上述例证可知，在纯调查报告中，要求考生必须理解调查的结果，这是必考点。

调查报告类的文章结构，一般是以生活情景开始，作为调查报告的背景信息，这部分内容有助于考生理解主题。而后引出相关的调查报告，调查结论一般在文章末尾出现。

考生在回答问题时，只要寻找与问题部分相似的语句即能找到答案。因为同义转换的语句与原文出处差异不大，只要我们能耐心比对，就一定能找到答案。

责任编辑 蒋小青