基于单元主题语境与高考真题变式的高三一轮复习课——以高中英语人教版教材选修六Unit 1 Art为例

湖北 罗正礼

随着新高考的全面铺开，高中英语教学越来越重视培养学生在具体语境中的语用能力。因此，高三英语一轮复习课就不能只是对原有知识进行简单的回顾与再现，而应是在“三语（语境、语篇、语用）”原则下对原有知识的强化、内化和系统化。本节一轮复习课尝试以单元主题“文学与艺术”为基并结合思维导图、小组学习来建构分层词汇体系，从而使知识结构化、条理化、情景化；再依托“高考真题变式”实现由词到句，由句到篇的语用操练及迁移运用，从而达到高考总体能力的要求，达成“提高语言能力、提升思维品质、增进文化意识、培养学习能力”的英语学科核心目标。

一、活用文本语篇，激活主题情境

在进行高三英语一轮单元复习时，要灵活运用文本语篇，采取适当的教学形式，实现语篇导入，激活单元主题语境。高中英语人教版教材选修六Unit 1 Art 主要介绍的是西方绘画简史和曼哈顿最好的艺术画廊。笔者在带领学生复习文本语篇后将全班分成了六个小组，并要求各组复述介绍语篇的一个版块。具体而言，笔者要求各组分别复述介绍以下六个版块：1.The Middle Ages；2.The Renaissance；3.Impressionism；4.Modern Art；5.Guggenheim Museum & Metropolitan Museum of Art；6.Museum of Modern Art & Whitney Museum of American Art。各组组内同学在相互复述介绍板块内容后选派一名同学向全班复述介绍。这种复述介绍文本的方法既可以避免单元复习时的机械重复，又能调动学生的积极性，快速激活单元话题语境。

二、运用思维导图，建构词汇体系

《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》（以下简称《课程标准》）指出：“词汇学习不是单纯的词语记忆，也不是独立的词语操练，而是结合具体主题，在特定语境下开展的综合性语言实践活动。”语境是词汇教学的核心要素，只有在语境中单词才有生命力；而词块是词汇学习的最好单位，记忆时整体输入，运用时整体输出；新课程理念强调“用英语做事”，所以高三英语一轮复习时的词汇学习是在记忆的基础上不断运用，从而强化语感，迁移词汇运用能力，最终达到内化。基于以上理念，笔者尝试培养学生以小组为单位构建主题语境词汇思维导图并互学难点词汇及词块。

具体而言，笔者在激活单元话题语境后，要求学生以小组为单位构建本单元主题语境词汇思维导图从而使知识结构化、条理化。高中英语人教版教材选修六Unit 1 Art的单元主题是艺术，属于《课程标准》中“人与社会”这一主题语境下“文学、艺术与体育”主题群，所以笔者要求学生以小组为单位自主构建以艺术为主题的词汇思维导图，具体如下：

答案（根据学生小组构建思维导图适当引导并补充）：

Painting art:realistic, abstract, gallery, renaissance, perspective, technique, impression, impressionist, post-impressionist, landscape,exhibition, drawing,figure,shadow, brush painting, religious, color, line, shape...

Other kinds: clay, bronze, marble, carve, sculpture, sculptor, statue, calligraphy, ceramics, china, embroidery, architecture, street art, performance art, hand-painted art, clothing art, graffiti...

Effects & comments:represent, symbol, stand for,break away from, classic, vivid, refresh, contemporary, conventional,controversial, visual, fragile, delicate, fantastic, superb, memorable, masterpiece, masterwork,be typical of, lay foundation for,appeal,appeal to, appealing,adopt,live up to one’s reputation, be aimed at,attempt to,a great deal of,be on exhibition/display,have a preference for,figure out...

在构建完单元主题语境词汇思维导图后，要求学生从一词多义、辨析义、词义活用等方面选择部分重点单词借助词典自学与互学；从写作应用角度选择部分重点词块借助词典进行自学与互学。

1.一词多义单词：_________________________________________________________________________(2～3个）

2.辨析义单词：___________________________________________________________________________(2～3组）

3.写作重点词块：________________________________________________________________________(5～10个）

参考答案：（根据各小组互学所给出的答案适当引导并补充）

1.figure, appeal

2.shadow/shade; adopt/adapt; controversial/contradictory

3.figure out, a great deal of, break away from, live up to one’s reputation, have a preference for, appeal to, sb.be in possession of, be on display/exhibition, attempt to, be typical of

针对以上重点单词和词块在教学时间允许的情况下，可以进一步引导学生以小组为单位进行思维导图的构建并讲解；这样词汇复习会更立体、更情景化、更有助于学生对于词汇的内涵及外延的掌握。

三、重组高考真题，变式迁移训练

《课程标准》强调“用英语做事”“词汇学习是在特定语境下开展的综合性语言实践活动”；而对高三学生而言历年高考真题是最有价值的语篇及语境，所以用好、用活真题将对高三英语一轮复习大有裨益。笔者在本节复习课中尝试整合重组、变式灵活运用高考真题，把一轮复习的过程变成与高考链接的过程，在“高考英语真题变式”语境中实现由词到句，由句到篇的语用操练及迁移运用。笔者的具体教学流程如下：

1.变式运用高考例句，突破一词多义及辨析义（词汇内涵及外延层面）

语境是词汇教学的核心要素，只有在语境中单词才有生命力。在构建完单元主题语境词汇思维导图并借助词典自学、互学重点词汇及词块后，笔者向学生提供历年高考英语真题例句，要求学生在例句语境中巩固重点词汇及词块。

练习1：根据句意写出figure 的最佳释义。

______1.As for my favoritefigurein Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.（2016年高考英语北京卷书面表达）

______2.Your house may have an effect on yourfigure.（2015年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B 篇）

______3.It’s important for thefiguresto be updated regularly.（2011年高考英语北京卷单项填空25 题）

答案：1.人物；2.身材，体形；3.数据

练习2：根据句意写出appeal 的最佳释义。

______4.Besides, businesses seek toappealto customers’ senses.（2015年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解B 篇）

______5.Certainly, reality TV seems toappeal much more to the younger audience.（2008年高考英语上海卷）

______6.So in 1887, sheappealedto the Manitoba Legislature（立法机关）to issue a license to her but they, too, refused.（2014年高考英语山东卷）

______7.What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection andappealto more people to care for our earth companies.（2011年高考英语重庆卷）

答案：4.激发；5.吸引；6.上诉，申诉；7.呼吁

练习3：根据段意选出最佳单词。

shadow/shade, adopt/adapt, controversial/contradictory

The famous film Harry Potter was8from J.K.Rowling’s books, in which a young couple9an orphan who had a great deal of magic.Harry wanted to walk out of his parents’10, there was no escape, though.Although this movie brought about many11issues, it really made a big hit at that time.

答案：8.adapted；9.adopted；10.shadow；11.controversial

2.变式运用高考作文范文，强化词块及句式活用（词块及句式活用层面）

词块是词汇学习的最好单位，记忆时整体输入，运用时整体输出；所以在引导及帮助学生归纳提炼单元重点词块及句式后，笔者及时提供高考真题（2017年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ书面表达）变式运用语境来锻炼学生的整体输出能力。

练习4：运用本单元所学词块及句式翻译下列句子。

A.如果你接受我的邀请，你就会发现剪纸名不虚传。 （if 虚拟+live up to one’s reputation）

__________________________________________________

B.要是没有它，你将不能更好地理解中国文化。（without 虚拟+ figure out）

__________________________________________________

C.在许多传统中国艺术形式中，历史悠久的剪纸艺术将尝试提供给你一场视觉盛宴。（表语前置+attempt to）

__________________________________________________

D.令人吃惊的是如此多的优秀剪纸作品将会被在相同的地方展览。（it 形式主语+on exhibition）

__________________________________________________

答案：

A.If you should take my invitation into account, you would find paper-cutting lives up to its reputation.

B.Without it/that, you would not be able to figure out Chinese culture better.

C.Among various traditional Chinese art forms is the time-honoured paper-cutting, which will attempt to provide an art feast to you.

D.It is amazing that so many great works of paper-cutting will be on exhibition in the same place.

练习5：将上面四句话分别填入下文空格处，使短文语义完整。

（2017年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ书面表达）

Dear Henry,

I’m Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class.Knowing that youhave a preference forChinese culture, I can’t wait to invite you to attend a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.______________________________________1_____________________________.

The exhibition, the theme of which is“beauty of China”, will take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 on the afternoon of June 21.Not only will our club’s works be displayed, but we also have somevaluablesets of paper-cutting created by several famous artists of this field._________________2_______________Additionally, there will be anappealinglecture about the history of paper-cutting.________________3________________________.

______________________4________________.I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Best wishes!

Li Hua

答案：1.C；2.D；3.B；4.A

3.变式运用高考作文题目，实现迁移运用（语篇活用层面）

新版课标强调教师要充分利用语篇资源并围绕学生感兴趣的主题或话题来设置语言表达任务，让学生在主题表达中有意或无意地运用所学。所以笔者进一步变式运用高考真题来为学生创设语用情境。

练习6：迁移运用（提纲+开放式内容）。

（2019年高考英语天津卷，书面表达，改编）假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校下月将派教师来你校参加为期一周的交流活动。在活动前，英方教师Chris 非常想了解中国传统文化中的：_____________，请你根据以下提示给她写封邮件。内容包括：

1.小组从下面传统文化中选择一个主题：

Chinese knot 中国结，brush painting 水墨画，

Chinese calligraphy 书法，Tang poetry 唐诗；

2.简要介绍该传统文化的历史、形式、意义等；

3.仿照上面范文，尽量利用本单元的重点单词、词块及句式。

注意：1.词数100 左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Chris,

I am Li Jin, a student of Chenguang High School.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Jin

答案：略（对比评价两篇学生习作）

4.变式运用高考阅读文本，强化主题语境（同主题语境层面）

练习7：2019年高考英语全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B 篇（同主题语境训练）

For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.

“It’s no secret that China has always been a source（来源）of inspiration for designers,”says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.

Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art,with theaim ofexploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics ( 美 学)on Western fashion and how China hasfueledthe fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition hadrecord attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

“China is impossible to overlook,”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu aretaking onGalliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—andbeating them hands downin design and sales,” adds Hill.

For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China asthe leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says.“China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, itsbreathtakingclothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

______________________________________________

2.词汇语境活用：

词性转换：①inspire (v.)— (n.)________

②attend (v.)— (n.)________

③ fashion (n.)— (adj.)________

近义替换：①with the aim of =________

② take on =________

③breathtaking________

熟词生义：① fuel________

② record attendance________

③ beating them hands down________

3.情景仿写：

It is impossible not totalk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.

___________________________________________________

4.Critical thinking: What’s your feeling about Chinese culture?

____________________________________________________

答案：

1.Main idea&title:Chinese culture fuels international fashion trends.

2.词性转换：①inspiration ②attendant ③fashionable

近义替换：①with the intention of/with the objective of ②compete against/fight against ③astonishing/impressive/exciting

熟词生义：①加剧，刺激 ②破纪录的出席人数 ③毫不费力地打败某人

3.情景仿写：It is impossible not to talk about China when talking about silk.

4.略（任何合理的答案均可）

总之，高三英语一轮复习必须重视培养学生在具体语境中的语用能力，教师要提供或是帮助搭建语境脚手架以让学生强化、内化、系统化所学知识，并利用好高考真题，在高考真题语境中训练学生的词汇、词块及句式的语用能力，最终在话题迁移中实现迁移输出，提升学生的英语能力及英语学科核心素养。