微生物菌剂对烤烟植物学性状与农艺性状的影响
2021-11-03周家新段昶曹亚凡黄金辉金康程黄萍柏永超王永齐杨悦章
周家新 段昶 曹亚凡 黄金辉 金康 程黄萍 柏永超 王永齐 杨悦章
摘 要:为改善商洛烟区土壤肥力,促进烤烟生长发育,开展了微生物不同菌剂与不同施用量双因素大田试验,对烤烟植物学性状和农艺性状进行分析。结果表明:(1)巨大芽孢杆菌和复合菌剂的低水平处理(A1、C1和C2)的植物学性状相对较优;(2)B4处理株高最高,平均为129.7cm,比对照高12.8%,适量应用微生物菌剂对烟株生长具有良好的促进作用;(3)烤烟茎围B1最大为13.9cm,与对照相比增加12.1%,低水平微生物菌剂的应用能够增加烤烟的莖围,但施用量过多不利于茎围的增加;(4)施用微生物菌剂的各处理烤烟节距均高于对照,其中C1最高为7.77cm;(5)各处理烤烟腰叶长度以C1最高为83cm,与对照相比分别增加12.2%,同一菌剂内不同水平处理表现出不同的增减趋势;(6)各处理烤烟腰叶宽度以C1最高为45.7cm,与对照相比增加15.7%。
关键词:烤烟;微生物菌剂;植物学性状;农艺性状
中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)19-0040-04
Effects of Microbial Agents on Botanical and Agronomic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco
ZHOU Jiaxin1 et al.
(1Huahuan International Tobacco Co., Ltd, Chuzhou 233121, China)
Abstract: In order to improve the soil fertility and promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco in Shangluo tobacco growing area, a field experiment with different microbial agents and different application rates was carried out to study and analyze the botanical and agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that:(1) the botanical characters of low-level treatments (A1, C1 and C2) of Bacillus megaterium and compound microbial agents were relatively better; (2)The plant height of B4 treatment was the highest, with an average of 129.7cm, 12.8% higher than that of the control; (3)The maximum stem girth B1 of flue-cured tobacco was 13.9cm, which increased by 12.1% compared with the control. The application of low-level microbial agents could affect the stem girth of flue-cured tobacco, but excessive application was not conducive to the increase of stem girth; (4)The results showed that the pitch of flue-cured tobacco was higher than that of the control, and the highest value of C1 was 7.77cm; (5)The length of C1 was 83cm in all treatments, which increased by 12.2% compared with the control; (6)Among all treatments, C1 had the highest waist leaf width of 45.7cm, which increased by 15.7% compared with the control.
Key words: Flue-cured Tobacco; Microbial Inoculum; Botanical Characters; Agronomic Characters
土壤微生物是土壤肥力的重要组成部分,是促进土壤物质循环和植物营养吸收的重要因素,丰富且合理的微生物是土壤肥力的重要保障[1]。多年不恰当的耕作措施与化肥农药的滥用,导致我国农田土壤微生物群落多样性下降[2-4]。近年来,人为施入具活性的微生物菌剂已成为改善土壤微生物群落的重要手段。当前,烤烟上施用微生物菌剂的报道较多,均取得了较好效果,且主要集中在改善土壤理化性状、促进烟株生长以及提高烟叶产质量等方面[5-7]。商洛烟区长期连作和化肥的连年使用,导致植烟土壤结构变差、肥料利用率降低、肥力下降、土壤微生物多样性减少、病虫害加重等生产和生态问题,严重制约着商洛烟叶质量风格的形成和可持续健康发展。为探索微生物菌剂对烤烟生长发育的影响,笔者开展了微生物菌剂大田试验,旨在为商洛烟区烤烟生产提供技术支持。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料 供试品种为云烟87,供试微生物菌剂:巨大芽孢杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌、复合微生物菌剂。
1.2 试验设计 采取不同菌剂与不同施用量双因素设计,共设16个处理(见表1);每个处理4行,同1行内每15株设置1个菌剂施用水平,共60株。不同菌剂处理随机排列,同一菌剂不同施用量处理按顺序排布在同行,同一行不同处理之间设置3株烟作为空白间隔,每行栽植93株烟,1个同质菌剂小区面积约225m2。3个菌剂处理加1个对照处理为1个重复,对照处理设置2行,1个重复面积为867.1m2;重复3次,试验小区四周设置保护行。各处理间除微生物菌剂的施用外,其他操作与对照(CK)保持一致,均按本年度当地常规操作要求执行。