《拉姆菲特先生的困扰》教学纪实与反思

张伊

教學内容：

《阳光英语》第17级（高二上）《拉姆菲特先生的烦恼》（整本书阅读）。

教学目标：

1.借助提前阅读和图片环游的方式梳理故事发展过程（A3概括与整合;B1描述与阐释）（第一课时）;

2.分析、推断和评价四季的美丽以及意义，主人公释怀的原因（B2 分析与判断;C1推理与论证;C2批判与评价）（第一课时）;

3.推断和评价本书的主题意义：人与自然规律—发现生活中的美、接受和尊重自然规律从而与之和谐共处（C1推理与论证; C2批判与评价）（第一课时）;

4.基于阅读沙龙和读者剧场活动，探究文章主题意义;深入感知文本之美，赏析描绘故事中打动他们的句子和段落;用文本写作特色完成情景写作（C1推理与论证; C2批判与评价;C3 创造与想象）（第一课时&第二课时）。

教学重点：

1.学生提前阅读和借助图片环游，复述故事大致内容;

2.学生理解、分析和评价主人公的心理变化和四季的美丽以及意义;

3.学生通过阅读沙龙和读者剧场感受文本的美丽，品味优美的语句，赏析语言，课后运用。

教学难点：

1.学生分析和理解四季的美丽与价值男主人公接受四季的原因;

2.学生探索人与自然如何和谐共处，了解其意义， 发现其美丽;

3.用文本写作特色完成情景写作。

教学过程：

Read in advance

1.Read the story carefully then retell it briefly based on the following pictures.

2.Underline the sentences or paragraphs that impress or inspire you most and think about why.

Free Talk

T：Good afternoon everyone！ Im Miss Zhang from Hainan Middle School.As you all know， I m from Haikou， which is really hot for a whole year，so my favorite season is Winter.How about you，guys？ Which season is your favorite and why？

S：My favorite season is Winter too，because I like snow and ice and I can skate on the Songhua River.

T： Well， you can do a lot of snow activities in Winter.Thats great.Any other opinions？

S： My favorite season is Summer， because I think it is really fantastic.It has a lot of stories to tell and a lot of experiences to feel.

T： Yes， the sunshine， the heat...

S： And many big events， like the high school entrance exam and my middle school exam， all in Summer.I think its really important.

T： Great！ Now， is there any season you dislike and want to remove？

S： I want to delete the season—Summer.Because in Harbin， Winter is the most famous season but Summer sometimes makes the city a little annoying because its hot.

T： Trust me， I totally understand how you feel.

Picture Walk

T： Great， it seems that you have different opinions on four seasons.And yesterday we read an interesting story happening between four seasons and a man.Could you please tell me his name？ Yes， Mr.Rumfitt.

T： This is him at the beginning.How did he feel？

S： Confused， not happy.

T： What about this one in the end？ How did he feel now？

S： Happy.

T： Yes， he was wearing a broad smile.So from this to this.What made him change？

S： Seasons.

T： Fantastic！ But what exactly happened in between？ Please retell the story briefly based on the following pictures to yourself in 1 minute.Later， I will invite one student to retell in class.

（学生准备。）

T： Any volunteers？

S： First， he was confused because the season is changing.So he decided to buy a valley and allowed no seasons to enter.But his well was dry and he had to meet the season of Spring.He enjoyed Spring and decided to buy some cabbages.Later， his well was dry again and he had to meet Summer.He also invited Summer to come in and he enjoyed what it brought.The well was dry again and he had to meet Fall and he seemed to make his apple trees happy.Finally， when he wake up he met the season of Winter.Because all of them needed to rest and sleep.So he allowed all seasons.

T： Great！ How do you like his retelling？ Can you know what happened in the story from his retelling？

T： Yes， great.It seems that youve fully understood what happened in the story.

Jigsaw Reading

T： According to the boy， we know that at the beginning， Mr.Rumfitt refused four seasons， but at the end of the story， he welcomed them.Why did Mr.Rumfitt change his attitude towards them？ Please have the question in mind and do a jigsaw reading in groups of four.Each student in the group just focuses on one season.And think about this question： Why did Mr.Rumfitt change his attitude towards the season you choose？ Remember to write your opinions on the worksheet.You can start now.

（學生自己阅读并且完成worksheet。）

Group & Class Sharing

T： Now please share your opinions in groups.

（学生进行小组分享。）

T： Okay， anyone wants to share his her opinions with the class？ Lets start with Spring.Why did Mr.Rumfitt change his attitude towards Spring？

S： I think the reason why he changed his attitude towards the Spring is that Springtime helped his plum tree and made his valley lively and fantastic so he realized Springtime is so good and allowed it to come in.

T： Great！ Spring is so good.Can you find any examples to show the beauty of Spring in the book？

S： The Spring girl on page 10.She danced like a flower， like a tree， like a flame of green.

T： Yes，we can feel the energy of the Spring girl.Thats because the author used like...like...what kind of writing technique is used here？

S： Simile.

T： Other reasons？

S： Springtime came in.The boy and girl bring fresh energy to the valley.They danced and song， brought all the flowers into blossom.And the plum tree.His valley was bright with Spring.Mr.Rumfitt felt relaxed with Spring.

T： Thats right.The girl mentioned that Springtime brought a lot of blossoms to the flowers.What were the flowers like？

S： They were in different colors.

T： like...？

S： White， pink， purple...

T： Yes， Spring was full of colors.With all these， the colors， the blossoms...What else？

S： The willows put on their green veils.

T： Right， thats so vivid， what kind of rhetorical device is used here？

S： Personification.

T： Now can you use one or two words to describe the beauty of Spring？

T： Like what color？

S： Green.

T： What does green mean in Spring？

S： Life.

T： You totally got the point！ So we can say Springs beauty lies in new life.（教師板书。）We can feel the new life and beauty of Spring because the author used many vivid writing techniques to show us instead of telling us its beautiful.This is what we call “Show！ Rather than tell！”This is what we can learn for our further writing especially when describing something beautiful.

T： Alright.After Spring came， who came next？

（教师和学生赏析夏秋冬三个季节。）

Pair Discussion

T： Now we can see four seasons are beautiful and meaningful in different ways.Thats why Mr.Rumfitt changed his attitude towards them.Now lets see the order of them.Its a...

S： A circle...

T： A circle of...

S： Life/nature...

T： This is how nature runs.With this circle， four seasons have beautified and enriched Mr.Rumfitts life.Thats why he accepted them.But at the very beginning， he didnt like four seasons， thinking that “the world didnt add up to anything”.But at the end of the story， he said...Lets read it together...Whats the implied meaning of the two sentences？ Please discuss it with your partner.

（学生进行同伴讨论。）

S： I think at first Mr.Rumfitt thought the change of seasons is meaningless.The world first gets hot and then cold.Its meaningless.Why dont we stay in the most comfortable season？

T： Oh， he didnt understand why seasons run like this.

S： The second sentences showed that he found the meaning of the seasons.Although he couldnt tell what it was， he could still feel it.

T： Oh， these feelings were beyond his descriptions.Great opinions！

...

T： This is how life runs.The rule of life.Can we change it？

S： No.

T： Maybe not.So all we can do is to accept it， find its beauty and respect it.

Reading Salon.

T： This is just what Mr.Rumfitt experienced in the story， and we also followed him to experience it.Now， I believe you must have a lot to share.Now please share the sentences and paragraphs that impress or inspire you most in groups.Please remember to read them emotionally and give reasons.

（学生准备阅读沙龙。）

T： Please come to the stage and share.

S： We can turn to page 24.I like what Mr.Rumfitt said at last.“Spring again soon， then Summer， then Autumn and Winter again.Very beautiful， very untidy.” Its just like what Shelley had said： “If Winter comes， can Spring be far behind？“ Shelley wants Spring but Mr.Rumfitt wants all seasons.That means what bothered Mr.Rumfitt now makes him look forward to it.He found a way to live with nature and life.He also found that beauty is everywhere， even in an untidy place.And nature is such a beautiful place for all of us.

S： Its important for us to get along with the nature because it brings us to many things that we human beings cannot get.Try to think about it： If there is no season in our world， what will happen？ People will do the things all the same， again and again.It would be very...boring.So I think season is a gift nature gives us.

（教师总结本课。）

Readers Theatre （Homework）

反思：

本次课所选择的文本是《阳光英语》分级阅读高二上，《拉姆菲特先生的困扰》这本绘本。它讲述了主人公拉姆菲特先生从厌烦四季变换到接受四季交替的故事。主题上，文本使读者深入体会四季的美丽，了解其价值;明白大自然的规律，要尊重和接受其运作的方式，从而达到和谐共处。语言上，文本运用多种写作手法展示了四季的美丽。以上展示的课是整本书阅读课程的第一课时，抓手主要在What（内容）和Why（主题）上。基于此，我设计了相应的教学活动：

Read in advance通过提前阅读和完成worksheet，学生知晓文本大意、扫清其理解障碍，保证整本书阅读的完整性。Free Talk通过创设情境，联系学生本身;引入话题，激发学生阅读兴趣，激活关于四季的背景知识和语言知识。Picture Walk通过图片环游，学生复述故事，充分发挥绘本插图这一优势，开发学生思维，训练学生观察图片，复述文本信息的能力，让学生做到“有图可说，有图会说”。Jigsaw Reading解决文本太长不能精讀这一困难;利用问题和指示，引导学生分析所读文本，提炼和内化文本信息，培养学生归纳总结信息的能力;学生通过归纳和概括主人公态度变化的原因，可以体会和感悟四季的美和价值。Group & Class Sharing借助组内和班级内交流，交换信息，补全信息差，内化语言;激发学生兴趣。在已经知道一个季节的相关知识的基础上，他们更愿意去获取别的季节的知识，这是一种主动学习的表现;分析、推断和评价四季的美丽以及意义和主人公态度变化的原因，同时为之后评价文本主题意义做好铺垫。 （在班级分享时，教师发挥“支架作用”，用文本中的细节帮助学生归纳总结四季的价值和美丽，将主题理解上升一个高度;同时教师总结“Show！ Rather than tell！”这一学生在之后可以学习的写作技巧，为之后的欣赏语言做铺垫。）从生生互动到师生互动，活动形式多样，学生享受课堂。Pair Discussion.通过之前的教师总结和同伴讨论，学生放眼于四个季节这一整体（自然），深入地分析、推断和评价主人公释怀的原因。Reading Salon在课堂的最后，借助阅读沙龙，将课堂交还给学生，给他们机会去抒发自己的感受和表达想法。学生们再次回到故事本身，在组内和班级里分享令他们印象深刻的或者有启发性的句子或篇章。鼓励学生有感情地朗读，让他们再次感受文本的美、赏析语言和理解主题，将所学和自身经验结合起来，效果喜人。此活动也为第二节课的读者剧场和情景写作做好铺垫。Readers Theatre借助课下作业，学生准备读者剧场活动，为之后第二节课感受文本的美、赏析语言和理解主题做好铺垫。

按照“整进整出”的原则引导学生进行整体阅读。以整本书的主题为纲领，引导学生在主题探究中实现意义建构。围绕主题，帮助学生将书中的通识经验或他人经验转化为个人经验，生成新知，也让学生受益良多。同时注重在课程中培养学生英语学科核心素养，具体体现在以下教学设计当中：

语言能力：本课在“人与自然”的主题下，为学生设置了“我们如何认识自然的美和价值”的情境。以图片环游、拼图阅读、阅读沙龙、读者剧场，以及创造性写作等不同活动形式，提升学生理解和表达意义的能力。

思维品质：本课通过不同的活动形式提升学生的思维品质。例如运用图片环游培养学生的逻辑性;通过讨论拉姆菲特先生态度的改变和阅读沙龙深度挖掘主题意义，促进学生批判性思维的发展;后续的创意写作可以进一步提高学生的创新能力和水平。

学习能力：持续开展整本书阅读，学生有机会接触充足的语言材料。同时根据相应的教学活动，学生多次阅读，达到阅读量的要求。例如这本绘本有2000多字，课上和课下学生至少读了4到5遍。这能帮助学生形成良好的阅读习惯，助力他们语言发展和英语鉴赏能力的提升。

本课通过整本书阅读，从激活学生“已知”开始，以生成“新知”结束。以丰富的活动，给与学生多样的体验。通过这样的“沉浸式”英语学习体验，学生真正融入和爱上了英语课堂。这有助于提升学生英语学科核心素养，让他们做到“得语又得意”，同时也实现了我校育人方面的价值，培养了心灵自由，学习自主，行为自觉的新世纪人才。

■ 编辑/王    波