江宁东龙村建筑改造更新，南京，中国

2021-10-27王建国,朱渊,罗文博等

世界建筑 2021年10期

东龙村位于南京市江宁区淳化街道，地处淳化现代农业示范园内，与北侧青龙山遥遥相望。村庄交通便利，生态和农业条件较好，现有较多茶园、蔬菜和瓜果园，同时拥有历史遗址等文化资源。整个村庄沿东大路呈南北带状分布，总体上呈现“田林环绕，星水伴居，悠然见山”的形态结构特征。2018年，东龙村入选江苏“特色田园乡村”试点，启动村庄建设工作。

该项目基于对自然和人文条件的充分研究，结合城乡联动发展、农业——电商产业整合发展的宏观需求，对村庄结构和产业功能组织进行了统一的规划，并选择位于村口的油坊——电商街地块和位于中部的沼气站地块两个重要空间节点进行进一步的建筑改造与更新设计。

油坊——电商街地块位于村口，内部原有青龙广场、老油坊、村民浴室、卫生站和一系列沿街房屋。设计通过小体量分散布局和微介入改造的方式，在不破坏村庄风貌的基础上将村口建筑群打造为产业引导和存量资源整合并举的“乡村综合体”，一方面将村域中现有分散的农产品电商进行统筹组合和空间优化，另一方面保留了原有广场的青龙雕塑和老油坊的生产厂房，打造为“老油坊博物馆”延续场所记忆，通过结构置换和空间优化使其与新建筑、青龙广场形成宜人的公共空间。建筑形态上采用折屋顶延续村庄肌理，同时，新旧建筑群之间通过丰富的连廊、檐下敞厅、露台等空间连接，形成一系列公共活动和观景空间，满足不同年龄段的游客和当地村民在不同季节、不同时段的复合使用。

原有的沼气站地块位于村庄中部，作为闲置的产业建筑，设计核心在于平衡场地遗存与新空间、新结构和新材料的关系，在延续场所集体记忆的同时有力支撑新产业、新功能的发展。设计以“农产体验馆”为核心，整合西侧白芨种植田，形成种植、大灶体验、果园采摘、生态农产展销以及线上电商服务的联动发展。具体策略上，通过植入钢结构将原有厂房局部加高为二层，满足复合功能使用的要求；保留原有厂房的沼气罐，延续了当地居民的集体记忆，并将封闭的界面打开与院落产生空间互动；同时局部抬高地形为台地，满足不同人群活动的空间需求。在结构、立面和构造节点的推敲中，组合使用砖石和竹木等乡土材质配合轻质钢材、铝材等现代材质，建构出既具在地性又满足当代生活需求的空间特征。□

1 整体鸟瞰/Overall aerial view

2 青龙广场/Qinglong square

Donglong Village is located in the modern agriculture demonstration park of Chunhua Subdistrict in Jiangning, Nanjing, facing the Qinglong Mountain on the north side. The village has convenient transportation and good agricultural conditions, and has many tea, vegetable and fruit gardens, as well as cultural resources such as historical relics and legends. Distributed in northsouth direction along the Dongda Road, the village presents the characteristics of "surrounded by fields and forests, accompanied with water ponds and mountains". In 2018, Donglong village was selected as one of the characteristic demonstration rural villages in Jiangsu to launch the renovation agenda.

Based on a full study of natural and cultural conditions, this project firstly plans an overall spatial structure and industrial functions of Donglong village considering the current needs of urban-rural coordinated development and the integration of e-commerce industries. On this basis,two important sites located next to an old oil mill at the entrance of the village and a biogas station in the middle of this village, are selected for further architectural renovation and renewal design.

At the village entrance, the oil mill and e-commerce plot include the Qinglong square, old oil mill, public bathhouse, health station, and a series of buildings along the street. By means of a small-volume decentralised layout and microintervention renewal, the entrance of the village is transformed into a "rural complex" integrating industry guide and stock resources without destroying the texture features of Donglong village.Aiming to continue the memory of the place, the original Qinglong sculpture and old production workshops are carefully preserved and have become a pleasant public space called "Old Oil Mill Museum"by structural replacement and space optimisation.Folding roofs are used to continue the texture feature of the village, creating a series of public activities and viewing spaces between the new and old buildings through corridors, terraces, and open halls under eaves, which meets the compound use of tourists of different ages and local villagers in different seasons and different times.

The original biogas station plot, located in the middle of the village, contains a deserted industrial building and biogas tank. Considering the contradictory relationship between the relics of the site and new functions, a comprehensive"Agricultural Experience Exhibition Hall" is designed to integrate the Bletilla fields on the west side,forming a joint development of planting, cooking experience, fruit picking, agricultural products exhibition and online e-commerce services.Specifically, the original factory building is raised to two storeys using steel structures, and the originally closed biogas tank is preserved and opened to form a courtyard to continue the collective memory of the site. At the same time, the topography is partially elevated to form a terrace to meet the composite space requirements of different activities. Local materials such as stone, bricks, bamboo and wood are used together with modern materials such as light steel and aluminium to construct local and contemporary space characteristics.□

项目信息/Credits and Data

设计团队/Design Team: 王建国，朱渊，罗文博等/WANG Jianguo, ZHU Yuan, LUO Wenbo, et al.

建筑面积/Floor Area: 3000 m2

设计时间/Design Period: 2017-2018

竣工时间/Completion Time: 2020

摄影/Photos: 许昊皓/XU Haohao

3 老油坊博物馆/Old Oil Mill Museum

李竹：乡村振兴离不开空间与技术的关怀

东龙村作为一个典型的城市近郊乡村，村里年轻人口被城市所吸附，流失严重，而农业观光又吸引着城市游客，乡村的发展需要一个平台去重新激活。在这样的背景下，王建国院士将乡建的着眼点放在乡村公共建筑空间的营造上，建筑化整为零，围合出了一个小广场，这里不但有展示村史的“老油坊博物馆”，也有招待外来客人的游客中心、茶舍，“乡村综合体”强化了村民的身份认同感。这些与村落尺度相当的小建筑，通过连廊、檐下敞厅、露台等空间，与精心保留的大树一起形成了有机的整体————一个能够重新凝聚村民的新村口。

另外值得一提的是项目中采用的建造技术。建筑的在地性不应只局限在符号的重复上，当地的建造工艺水平、材料的获取难易程度，也同样是当代语境下的在地要素。我们看到王建国院士在作品中使用了钢结构作为建筑的主要结构体系，它利用小尺寸结构构件创造出的室内大空间，被用作“农产体验馆”。同时，围护结构又采用了在乡村常见的砖木材料，作为乡土建造的现代传承，它探索了一种既能满足现代化的功能需求又不抹杀乡村文化特征的方式，体现出的是对乡村建造的当代性思考。

建筑师在乡村盖房子不是简单迎合游客的猎奇观光，而是要将重点放在留住乡村风土、加强乡村与外部世界的沟通、提升本地村民的生活品质上，让乡村留得住乡愁、留得住人。

4 老油坊博物馆首层平面/Ground floor plan of Old Oil Mill Museum

5 老油坊博物馆内院/Courtyard of Old Oil Mill Museum

6 老油坊博物馆多功能活动室内景/Interior view ofmultifunctional activity room in Old Oil Mill Museum

Comments

LI Zhu: Inseparable Relationship Between Rural Revitalisation and the Concern of Space Design and Technology

As a typical suburban village, Donglong Village has lost a lot of its young population to the city, at the same time, agricultural tourism is attracting more and more urban tourists. So this village needs a platform to reactivate its development. Under such a background, Academician WANG focused on the construction of rural public space,dividing the building into parts and enclosing a small square. This group of public spaces includes not only the Old Oil Mill Museum that displays the history of this village, but also a visitor centre and tea house to entertain guests from outside, which combine into a "rural complex"to strengthen the villagers' sense of identity. These buildings maintain the same scale as the original buildings of this village and form an organic whole together with the big trees which are carefully preserved through corridors,terraces, and open halls under eaves, forming a new village entrance that can reconnect the villagers.

Another thing worth mentioning is the construction techniques used in the project. The "locality" of architecture should not be limited to the repetition of cultural symbols,the level of local construction technology and the difficulty of obtaining materials are also local factors in the current rural revitalisation. As we can see, Academician WANG selected steel structure as the main structural system in his works, using small structural components to create a large indoor space, which later became the Agricultural Experience Exhibition Hall . At the same time, bricks and wood which are common in this village are used in the enclosed structure.As a modern inheritance of traditional rural construction,it explores a comprehensive design-construction strategy that can effectively support the functional needs of modern life without obliterating the cultural characteristics of the village, reflecting the designer's profound contemporary thinking on rural construction.

Architect's rural design practice should not simply satisfy the tourists' curiosity for sightseeing, but focus on preserving the rural customs, strengthening the communication between the village and the outside world,and improving the quality of life of local villagers, so that villages can retain its nostalgia and keep its people.