探寻道德与法治教学中教师课程意识提升的途径
2021-10-21戴明烁
戴明烁
摘 要:有效的课程意识是准确定位学习目标的基础和关键,是构建富有教育意义的教学过程的依托,是形成系统课程认识和课堂教学的载体。教师有效的课程意识包括为什么而教,要如何培育学生,培养学生的载体是什么,如何评价等。道德与法治教学是落实立德树人根本任务的有效载体,要唤醒教师的课程意识,让教师主动寻求理论和实践的对接,赋予时代精神。课程意识支配和主导着课堂教学实践,是课程改革中教师专业素养不可或缺的重要成分,教师课堂教学方式、策略、模式、評价和师生角色定位等都与教师的课程意识密不可分。因此,课程改革呼唤教师的课程意识。
关键词:道德与法治课堂;教师;课程意识;途径
【中图分类号】G642 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1005-8877(2021)25-0005-02
Exploring Ways to Improve Teachers' Curriculum Consciousness in Moral and Law
DAI Mingshuo (Jingyuan County No. 8 Middle School,Gansu Province,China)
【Abstract】Effective curriculum awareness is the basis and key to accurately positioning learning objectives,the basis for constructing a teaching process with educational significance,and the carrier of forming a systematic curriculum understanding and classroom teaching. Teachers effective curriculum awareness includes why they teach,how to train students,what is the carrier for training students,and how to evaluate them. The teaching of morality and the rule of law is an effective carrier for the implementation of the fundamental task of establishing morality. It is necessary to awaken teachers' curriculum consciousness,let teachers actively seek the connection between theory and practice,and endow the spirit of the times. Curriculum awareness dominates and dominates classroom teaching practice. It is an indispensable and important component of teachers' professional quality in curriculum reform. Teachers' classroom teaching methods,strategies,models,evaluations,and teacher-student role positioning are inseparable from teachers' curriculum awareness. Therefore,curriculum reform calls for teachers' curriculum awareness.
【Keywords】Ethics and rule of law classroom;Teacher;Curriculum awareness;Approach
课程意识是教师对课程的自觉能动反映。道德与法治教师课堂教学要注重“怎样做”,要关注“为什么这样做”。教学设计要凸显课程意识,教师要依据课程标准积极理解课程,以课堂为主阵地落实教学和问题实施。下面本文笔者将结合教学经验谈谈提升道德与法治教师课程意识的途径。
1. 教师要研究和研读课标
系统认识学科课程是教师形成课程意识的前提和基础,研究和研读课程标准是系统认知学科课程的有效途径。受访调查结果显示,阅读道德与法治课程标准的教师比例不高,研究和研读道德与法治课程标准的教师比例就更低。现实教学中绝大多数道德育法治教师依照已有经验或借鉴他人做法实施课堂,课堂教学重复换汤不换药,课堂中课程标准严重缺失,课堂教学缺乏时代气息。提升道德与法治教师课程意识,激活道德与法治课堂时代气息,要让教师主动阅读和研究,把教材和课堂延伸向社会和生活,结合时代教育精神和背景,研究和研读课程标准,在教学实践中寻找课标和课堂的“对标点”,找准课堂教学“制高点”,真正凸显道德与法治课程意识。
2. 教师要理解和拓展教材
教材是教师实施教学的依赖,也是教师课堂教学和课堂设计的重要素材。提升教师课程意识,教师要主动借助教材拓展教材,在拓展中撷取“营养”。教师要善于以教材内容为主线,拓宽课堂和延伸教学,通过理解和拓展教材,充分挖掘教材背后的积极价值和教育意义。理解和拓展教材教师要准确定位目标,课堂目标要呈现“多点归一”,积极传递和实现教材设定的教学目标,要能够通过课堂教学实现和学生学习达成。教材内容是课堂目标设计和定位的依据但不是全部,教师要善于结合课堂有机融合教学内容、教学手段和学生学情,以点带面生成课堂目标,帮助教师和学生准确理解教材。理解和拓展教材靳准把握内容,教师要阅读弄清知识点,引导学生合作、探究和互动寻找知识的“生长点”,精准把握和融合时代教学内容,打造具有积极价值的课堂教学。教师要准确站位教育环境,结合时代需求选择和判断教学内容,有效拓宽道德与法治教育的深度和广度。