中共中央南方局走出去的共和国外交官（一）

Diplomats from the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee （1）

在硝烟弥漫的烽火岁月和复杂险恶的政治环境下，周恩来领导的中共中央南方局利用在国统区工作的便利条件，开展了卓有成效的國际统战工作，不仅开创了中国共产党独立自主开展外事工作的先河，还通过艰苦的外事工作为新中国外交事业培养和锻炼了一批专业人才。

In the years of war and amid the complicated and precarious political context， the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， led by Zhou Enlai， used the advantage of working in the Kuomintang （KMT） controlled areas to carry out rewarding international united front work， which not only blazed a trail for the CPC to carry out foreign affairs work independently， but also trained and tempered a host of specialized talent for the diplomatic cause of new China through arduous foreign affairs work.

中共中央南方局外事组“当家人”—王炳南

王炳南（1909—1988年），陕西乾县人。

抗战全面爆发后，在解决西安事变中崭露头角的王炳南一直跟随周恩来身边，从事国际宣传和统一战线工作。1938年4月，驻武汉的中共中央长江局成立了下属机构国际宣传委员会及其办事机构国际宣传组，委员会由周恩来、王明、博古、凯丰、吴克坚和王炳南组成。这是中国共产党最早的外事机构。

1939年1月，以周恩来为书记的中共中央南方局在重庆成立，为进一步打破国民党外事垄断，广泛开展国际统战工作，于4月专门成立对外宣传小组。1940年冬，对外宣传小组改称外事组，王炳南任组长。作为中共中央南方局外事组负责人，王炳南积极协助周恩来领导外事组广泛加强与各驻华使馆、国际组织、国际人士的交往联系，积极开展国际统一战线工作，开拓了中共外事工作的新局面。周恩来称赞：“炳南不但是我的左右手，他还是我的耳朵和嘴巴呢！”

皖南事变发生后，根据周恩来的指示，王炳南领导外事组利用自己的住处良庄等公开合法场所，广泛接触各国使馆人员和记者，阐明中国共产党的立场，揭露事件真相。同时，组织外事组编译大批外文宣传材料，通过德籍妻子王安娜托国际友人带到国外。

在中共中央南方局外事组的努力下，美军观察组访问延安，受到毛泽东、周恩来等中共领导人热情接待。周恩来极为高兴，写信给王炳南，高度赞扬他的工作成绩。王炳南领导外事组在重庆的国际统战工作取得良好的效果，使蒋介石大为恼火：“堂堂国民党宣传部，还不如共产党一个小组！”

抗战胜利后，毛泽东到重庆与蒋介石进行和平谈判。王炳南担任毛泽东的秘书，负责联络安排并协助处理谈判期间的工作。重庆谈判结束后，王炳南作为周恩来的副手，参与周恩来与美国总统特使马歇尔的谈判。后又随周恩来到南京，担任中共中央驻南京代表团外事委员会副书记兼发言人，协助周恩来开展外事活动。国共和谈破裂后，王炳南撤回延安，随后到西柏坡担任中共中央外事组副主任，继续从事外事和统战工作。

中华人民共和国成立后，王炳南协助周恩来筹组外交部，并任外交部办公厅主任、部长助理。1955年，王炳南任中国驻波兰大使兼中美大使级会谈中方第一任首席代表，参加了长达9年的中美会谈。后又任外交部副部长、中国人民对外友好协会会长等职，为新中国外交事业作出了重大贡献。

中共第一位新闻发言人—龚澎

龚澎（1914—1970年），安徽合肥人。

1940年9月，年轻的龚澎从太行山前往重庆。那时，她的公开身份是重庆《新华日报》记者，而实际身份是中共中央南方局外事组副组长、周恩来的外事秘书兼翻译、中共代表团的新闻发言人。

重庆，是解放前龚澎工作时间最长的地方。在这里，她有一项必做的工作：每天下午准时来到两路口附近巴县中学内的外国记者站，向来自世界各地的外国记者发布来自中共中央南方局和解放区的新闻和消息。作为中共中央南方局新闻发布员，龚澎结识了几乎所有驻重庆的外国记者。她的优雅大方和超群才智，敏锐观察力和幽默感，以及临危不惧、忠诚事业的精神和灵活的外交应承，赢得了外国记者的钦佩。凡是在那一段时期在重庆待过的外国记者，后来写书时几乎都无例外地相当突出地写到龚澎。

曾经起草美国外交政策《白皮书》的约翰·麦尔比回忆，当年他在重庆认识的人中，印象最深的是周恩来的助手龚澎和王炳南，“龚澎才华出众，举止大方而洒脱，和她交谈，没有拘谨之感。龚澎和王炳南甚至在某种程度上改变了我对共产党人原有的印象”。美国汉学家费正清在重庆时，龚澎曾教他汉语，他回忆龚澎：“既有青春的朝气，又有对中国共产党事业的坚定信念，再加上随军记者所特有的敏锐观察力和清新的幽默感。”他甚至认为，重庆时期的龚澎“已经是很受外国记者欢迎的人物，是很出色的外交家”。

重庆谈判期间，龚澎担任毛泽东的翻译。无论是会见赫尔利大使，还是接见外国记者，或是其他外国朋友，都由龚澎陪同，其才华深受毛泽东的赞赏。

中华人民共和国成立后，35岁的龚澎担任外交部情报司（现外交部新闻司）司长，是当时9位司级正职领导中惟一的女性，也是外交部至今为止担任司级职位最长的干部。 （部分资料由中共重庆市委党史研究室提供）

編辑/杨艳

Wang Bingnan， leader of Foreign Affairs Group， Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee

Wang Bingnan （1909-1988） was born in Qian County， Shaanxi province.

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression on all fronts， Wang Bingnan， who emerged in resolving the Xi'an Incident， always joined with Zhou Enlai to engage in international publicity and united front work. In April 1938， the Yangtze Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Wuhan established a subordinate agency， the international communication committee and its office， the international communication group. The committee was composed of Zhou Enlai， Wang Ming， Bo Gu， Kai Feng， Wu Kejian and Wang Bingnan. This is the earliest foreign affairs organization of the Communist Party of China.

In January 1939， after the establishment of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee with Zhou Enlai as secretary in Chongqing， in order to further break the KMT's foreign affairs monopoly and widely carry out international united front work， a special international communication group was established in April. The international communication group was renamed the Foreign Affairs Group in the winter of 1940， with Wang Bingnan as the group leader. As the Foreign Affairs Group leader of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， Wang Bingnan actively assisted Zhou Enlai in leading the Group， extensively strengthened exchanges and contacts with embassies， international organizations and international personage in China， actively carried out international united front work， and opened up a new chapter in the foreign affairs work of the CPC. Zhou Enlai commended， "Bingnan is not only right-hand man to me， but also my ears and mouth！"

After the Southern Anhui Incident， according to Zhou Enlai's instructions， Wang Bingnan led the Foreign Affairs Group to use his residence Liangzhuang and other public and legal places to widely contact embassy personnel and journalists from various countries， clarify the standpoint of the Communist Party of China and reveal the truth of the Incident. At the same time， he also organized the staff of the Foreign Affairs Group to compile numerous materials in foreign languages and had these documents taken abroad by international friends through his German wife Anna Wang.

With the joint endeavor of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， the United States Military Observation Group visited Yan'an and was warmly received by Mao Zedong， Zhou Enlai and other CPC leaders. Much delighted， Zhou Enlai wrote to Wang Bingnan and spoke highly of his achievements. Whilst Wang Bingnan' s efforts to lead the Foreign Affairs Group achieved great results in the international united front work in Chongqing， the furious Chiang Kai-shek complained "the KMT's Publicity Department is inferior to a group of the Communist Party！"

After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， Mao Zedong went to Chongqing for peace negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek. Wang Bingnan served as Mao's secretary， responsible for liaison arrangements and assistance in handling the work during the negotiations. After the Chongqing Negotiations， Wang Bingnan， as Zhou Enlai's assistant， participated in the negotiations between Zhou Enlai and U.S. presidential envoy G.C. Marshall. Later， he went to Nanjing with Zhou Enlai and served as deputy secretary and spokesman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the CPC Central Committee delegation in Nanjing to assist Zhou in foreign affairs activities. After the failure of the peace negotiations between the CPC and the KMT， Wang Bingnan withdrew to Yan'an， and then went to Xibaipo as deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Group of the CPC Central Committee to further engage in foreign affairs and united front work.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China， Wang Bingnan assisted Zhou Enlai in assembling the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served as Director-General of the General Office and Assistant Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1955， Wang Bingnan was appointed as Chinese ambassador to Poland and the first chief representative of China for the Sino-American ambassadorial talks， and participated in the nine-year Sino-American negotiations. Later， he served as Vice Foreign Minister and President of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries， making tremendous contributions to China's diplomatic cause.

Gong Peng （1914-1979） was born in Hefei， Anhui province.

In September 1940， the young lady went to Chongqing via Taihang Mountain. At that time， Gong's public identity was a journalist of Chongqing Xinhua Daily， while her undercover identity was Deputy Leader of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， Zhou Enlai's Foreign Affairs Secretary and translator， and the spokeswoman of the CPC delegation.

Chongqing was the city where Gong Peng worked for the longest time before liberation. Here is her daily routine： every afternoon， she arrived at the foreign press station in Ba County Middle School near Lianglukou on time to release news and information from the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the liberated areas to foreign journalists from all over the world. As the press release officer of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， Gong Peng knew almost all foreign journalists in Chongqing. Her elegance and outstanding intelligence， keen observation and sense of humor， undaunted and loyal spirit as well as agile diplomatic handling had won the admiration of foreign journalists. Almost all foreign journalists who stayed in Chongqing during that period portrayed Gong with prominence in their subsequent books.

John F. Melby， who once drafted the White Paper on US foreign policy， recalled that among the people he knew in Chongqing， Zhou Enlai's assistants Gong Peng and Wang Bingnan were the most impressive. "Gong Peng was talented， presentable， and unrestrained with no sense of formality in conversation. Gong Peng and Wang Bingnan changed his previous stereotype about Communists to a certain extent." When the American Sinologist John King Fairbank was in Chongqing， Gong Peng once taught him Chinese. According to his recollection of Gong Peng， "she bursts not only youthful vitality， but also firm conviction in the cause of the Communist Party of China， with her distinct keen observation and fresh sense of humor as a war journalist." He even deemed that Gong Peng in Chongqing period "has already been a very popular figure amid foreign journalists and a remarkable diplomat".

During the Chongqing Negotiations， Gong Peng served as Mao Zedong's translator and accompanied him in the meeting with Ambassador P. J. Hurley， foreign journalists， and other foreign friends. Her talent was much praised by Mao.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China， the 35-year-old Gong Peng was appointed as Director of the Intelligence Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs （now the Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs） as the only woman among the nine principal leaders at the department level at that time and the longest-serving cadre at the department level of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs so far.    （Partially provided by Party History Research Center of the CPC Chongqing Committee）

Editor/Yang Yan