解密读后续写评分标准,精准提高续写质量
2021-09-15袁丹纯
袁丹纯
讀后续写作为一道全新的写作题型,引起了一线师生广泛的关注。读后续写总分为25分,按照7个档次评分,其评分标准总则有三:情节、语言和衔接连贯。本文以读后续写的评分标准为抓手,动中窾要,以2021年新高考全国?玉卷读后续写为例,对其进行一一解密。
高考真题
A MOTHERS DAY SURPRISE
The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mothers Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.
The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire, so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeffs hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear!The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
一、情节
任务一:请根据以下四个选项,找出某同学习作中划线部分存在的情节问题。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared. 1 Smelling something burning, the father quickly walked over to turn off the stove and asked what the twins were doing. Jeff took his hand out of the cold water and told his father their intention of making a surprise breakfast for their mother. The father asked Jenna to clean up the mess together.
2 Later, with their fathers instructions, Jenna and Jeff quickly managed to fry the bread and make French toast.
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. 3 They shouted excitedly,“Happy Mothers Day, mum!”Seeing the well-prepared breakfast, mom was greatly surprised.“We meant to make you a surprise breakfast, but Jeffs hand was burnt by the hot burner. ”Jenna said. Instantly, a look of sorrow and worry replaced the mother's smile.“Oh, dont worry about it, mum. Im OK.”Jeff said, showing her hishands. 4 Only then did the mother let out a sigh of relief,“Thank goodness, my dear, you never know how important you mean to me.”Saying that, they hugged each other tightly.
A. 续写情节脱离原文
B. 违背情节发展规律,推进过快
C. 结尾偏离主题
D. 对话过多,情节冗长
答案解析
1. A. 段首句提到“爸爸出现了”,续作应聚焦“爸爸帮忙孩子准备爱心早餐”。而学生续写时却写了“爸爸闻到烧焦的味道,走过来关掉火炉”。显然,此處前后时间逻辑紊乱,续作与前文情节脱节了。
2. B. 根据两段段首句,续作的第一段应重点关注爸爸帮助孩子解决问题的过程,此处却一句带过,情节推进过快。
3. D. 续写时应从人物的动作、外貌、心理以及对话描写烘托人物形象。此处对话过多,影响情节的有效推进。
4. C. 续写的结尾应呼应故事的主题——“通过母亲节的惊喜,传递家人之间的爱”,此处“妈妈的反应”偏离“母亲节的惊喜”这一主题。
二、语言
任务二:请翻译下面表示人物情绪的句子。
通过两段段首句的推测,第一段“Jenna and Jeff因搞砸了爱心早餐而担心、烦恼”到“有了爸爸的帮助后转为开心、欣喜”。
1. 看到双胞胎沮丧的脸孔,他们爸爸提出帮助他们为妈妈煮美味的早餐。
2. 他们的脸亮了起来。
3. Jenna和Jeff兴奋地拿出准备好的早餐和卡片。
第二段“mum收到礼物后,感动又幸福”。
4. 他们兴奋地叫了起来,“母亲节快乐!”
5. 妈妈惊喜地看着,不能相信她所看到的。
6. 她紧紧地抱着他们,眼泪流了下来。
7. 脸上挂着满意的笑容,她叫了起来。
参考译文
1. Seeing the twins frustrated faces(doing做状语), he offered to help them make a delicious breakfast for their mother.
2. Their faces lit up.
3. Excitedly(adv.做状语), Jenna and Jeff held the well-prepared breakfast together with a card.
4. They squealed with excitement(介词短语做状语).
5. Mom watched in amazement(介词短语做状语), unable to believe what she saw.
6. She hugged them tightly, with tears streaming down her cheek(with sth. doing做伴随状语).
7. She shouted with a satisfied smile hanging on her face(with sth. doing做伴随状语).
总结
通過动作、对话(声音)、外貌和心理描写传达人物的情绪,可以增强故事的可读性和生动性。同时,运用丰富的词汇、非谓语/副词/介词短语做状语等高级句型,可以提高续作的文采。
三、衔接连贯
任务三:认识衔接的三种类型,根据上下文进行语法填空。
(一)照应(reference):如代词。
1. As the girl grows, learns to be independent.
2. should never have happened. She went out and left the door open.
(二)替代(substitute):如one,do, same, so等。
3. These biscuits are stale(不新鲜的). Get some fresh .
4. A: Black coffee, please.
B: The for me.
(三)连接(conjunction)
递进关系:first, second...finally/last
转折关系:but/however/yet/nevertheless
因果关系:because/so/since
时间关系:at the same time/ afterwards/ soon/ when/ until/ after/before
5. I told him years ago, ________he wont listen.
6. He was drowned ________he fell off the pier(码头).
参考答案
1. she 2. It 3. ones 4. same 5. to 6. but 7. because
总结
衔接指的是外在段落的结合。连贯强调内在意义的一致性,即是一篇文章围绕相同的主题,一个段落围绕相同的中心意思展开。
任务四:请根据衔接的分类,用恰当的词汇给以下的范文填空。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, 1 father appeared. At the sight of this mess he knew what was going on. Seeing the twins frustrated faces, he offered to help 2 make a delicious breakfast for their mother, 3 asked them to clean up the kitchen. The kids faces lit up and followed their fathers instructions. 4 long, the kitchen was neat and tidy again. 5 ,(加之)father successfully boiled chicken porridge and made the French toast. Excitedly, Jenna and Jeff held the well-prepared breakfast together with a card, out of the kitchen, with their father following them.
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.“Happy Mothers Day!”The twins squealed with excitement. Rubbing 6 eyes, their mother watched in amazement, unable to believe 7 she saw. Soon 8 (不久以后), she hugged Jenna and Jeff tightly, with tears streaming down her cheek.“Thank you, my dearest!”Having a bite, mom shouted with a satisfied smile hanging on her face,“This is the best breakfast I have ever tasted!”Hearing 9 , dad and two kidseyes twinkled with a secret pleasure. 10 the whole family was sharing the breakfast and laughter, the room was filled with sweet love.
參考答案
1. their 2. them 3. and 4. Before 5. Furthermore 6. her 7. what 8. afterwards 9. this 10. As/While
(注:本文系2021年度中国英语阅读教育研究院专项课题《读后续写促进高中生英语写作能力的实践研究》(立项编号为“CERA2021Z09”)和中山市2018年度一般课题《高中英语文学阅读思维型教学的校本研究》(立项编号为“B2018150”)的阶段性成果)
责任编辑 蒋小青