雅思写作词汇(3):万能高分词汇
2021-09-14唐老雅
“雅思写作词汇”系列里,老雅已经指出,雅思写作(即使高分段写作)并不需要特别高端的单词。老雅的基本观点是:如果能准确使用4500左右的单词,就能达到写作7分的词汇标准。本次专栏,老雅将具体介绍万能的雅思写作高分词汇(本专栏接下来3期文章将陆续介绍更多万能高分词汇,请读者继续关注)。需要说明的是,所谓“万能”,是指这些单词可以在多数题材中用到,因此考生既可以为了意思表达需要使用这些单词,也可以为了使用这些单词而调整需要表达的意思。
万能词汇:available
available是一个非常有用的高端写作单词,其基本意思是“可以获得的;可以使用的;有效的”。比如:
Doyouhave a room available?你们有空房间吗?
You will be informed when the book becomes available.那本书一到就通知你。
There were no tickets available for Fridays performance.周五的演出已经没有票卖了。
The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless of his financial situation.目标是让每个有意愿有能力的人都可获得高等教育,无论他的经济状况如何。
在《剑桥雅思》的一篇关于交通类题材的官方范文中有这么一句:
However,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.To do this.we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers.然而,改变人们能够使用的私人交通工具并不能解决交通阻塞问题。为了解决这个问题,我们需要提高可供人们选乘的公共交通服务。
在这个句子中,“…we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers”完全可以改写为“…we need to improve the choice of public transport services that can be used by travelers”,但这样一来,词汇的幅度就显得不足了。以下我们再看老雅原创的雅思真题高分范文中的两个句子。
Meanwhile,cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who,relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances,suddenly find they have a great amount of free time.同时,由于技术的发展,当代城市居民已经从手工劳作中解脱出来,他们突然发现自己有大量空闲时间,但是数世纪前修建的城镇却没有足够的娱乐和体育设施供他们使用。(2016/11/3,旧城市带来的问题)
We live in an age of electronic communication,and the Internet helps us in a lot of ways.Yet the fact that we have computers and smartphones readily available does not mean that we do not need face-to-face communication any more.我們生活在电子通信时代,互联网在很多方面为我们提供帮助。然而,我们可以随时使用电脑和智能手机这一事实并不意味着我们不再需要面对面的交流。(2018/4/21,网络交流取代面对面交流是好还是坏?)
万能词汇:specific
specific使用也比较广泛,其基本含义是“特定的;具体的”,经常用于短语“to be more specific”,意思为“说得更具体点”。比如:
There are several specific problems to be dealt with.有几个具体问题需要解决。
She declined to give more specific reasons for the separation.她拒绝给出更确切的分手原因。
He is a teenager.To be more specific,he is fifteen now.他有十多岁,说得更具体点,他现在15岁。
以下我们看specific在老雅范文中是如何使用的。
Undoubtedly,many people may benefit from the practice.To be more specific,in a country where the government pays the tuition,all people,especially those from poverty-stricken areas,are entitled to the equal access to highereducation regardless of their background.毫无疑问,这个做法会让很多人获益。说得更具体些,如果一个国家由政府来支付学费,那么所有人(尤其是那些来自贫困地区的人)都能获得相同的高等教育机会,无论其背景如何。(2013/8/17,政府支付学费的利弊)
Yet one issue is still in debate:to whom should the money of charity organisations go,exclusively to people who live in the same country as the organisations,or to all people regardless of where they live? To my mind,the answer to this question depends largely on the mission of specific charity organisations.然而,有一个问题仍在争论中:慈善组织的钱到底该用在谁身上,应该用于与机构同一国家的人呢,还是用于所有人,不管他们生活在哪里?在我看来,这个问题的答案在很大程度上取决于特定慈善组织的使命。(201 6/8/20,慈善机构应该只帮助本国人吗?)
A city designed on the basis of clearly-defined functional areas can make our life a lot easier and more efficient.When we want to buy a specific model of computer,for example,we can simply visit the citys hi-tech market without having to rummage every corner of the city.一个以明确功能分区为基础而设计的城市能使我们的生活轻松和有效得多。比如,当我们想买一台特定型号的计算机,我们可以访问城市的高科技市场,而没有必要搜寻城市的每个角落。(2018/7/27,城市功能分区好吗?)
万能词汇:alternative
alternative绝对是一个万能单词,可作形容词,表示“另外的,其他的,可用来替换的”,也可以作名词,表示“另一个选择”。比如:
Im awfully sorry,meres no alternative but to sell me car.真的很抱歉,我没有其他办法只能卖汽车了。
Everyone will accept computers,because there is no alternative.我们都会接受电脑,因为别无选择。
Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.在美国,在竞争中胜出常被看作可以替代基于家庭背景的社会地位。
在《剑桥雅思》一篇关于“开车优劣势”的高分范文中有这么一句:Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and afrordablealternatives to driving your own cars for long journeys.本句中的alternative用作名词,全句的意思为:应该让长途火车和客车既有吸引力,价格又便宜,在长距离旅行中来替代自驾。以下看出现在老雅范文中的alternative。
In conclusion,there are reasons why countries should reduce their consumption of fossil fuels such as oil,coal and natural gas,but more realistically,they should find ways of generating and storing alternative sources such as solar and wind energy.总之,各国应该减少石油、煤炭和天然气等化石燃料的消耗是有原因的,但更現实的是,它们应该找到方法来生产和储存替代能源,如太阳能和风能。(2019/10/19,我们必须少使用化石燃料吗?)
Environmentally-friendly alternative energy such as solar energy ought to be widely used so that people may continue their present lifestyle but with little environmental impact.环境友好的替代能源,如太阳能,应该被广泛使用,以便人们可以继续他们目前的生活方式,但不会对环境产生什么影响。(2020/8/22,让一代人放弃舒适生活是解决环境问题的关键吗?)
万能词汇:afford
afrord这个词也比较灵活,其基本意思是“提供;承担得起”。比如:
These trees afrord a pleasant shade.这些树提供了阴凉。
I cant afrord a holiday this summer.今年夏天我没钱度假。
以下我们看afford在老雅范文中是如何被使用的。
I still remember a few days ago when walking in front of a supermarket,I saw how a little girl,with her eyes glued to an advertising board,pestered her momer for the expensive toy on it mat her mother evidently could not afford.我仍记得几天前路过一家超市时,看见一个小女孩眼巴巴地盯着一块广告牌,缠着她母亲买上面宣传的昂贵玩具,但很显然,她母亲买不起这种玩具。(2018/4/22,广告对经济和个人的影响)
If people have to pay for their own health care,I think many problems may arise.The most serious one is that those poor people cannot enjoy health care because they are not able to afford the costs.如果人们必须自己支付医疗费用,我认为会有许多问题。最严重的就是穷人将无法享受医疗,因为他们负担不起费用。(2016/03/19,应该全民免费医疗吗?)
The money squandered on developing technology to find other life forms,for instance,should be used to help children who cannot afford to go to college and those who cannot enjoy decent medical services.比如,为了寻找其他生命形式而开发技术浪费的钱,应该用来帮助那些上不起大学的孩子和那些不能享受体面医疗服务的人。(2018/12/1,应该投资太空技术吗?)
Drug companies in the developed world are under the moral obligation to make their medicinal products available and affordable in me under-developed world so that the poorer people do not die unnecessarily.发达国家的制药公司有道德上的义务,使其药品在欠发达的世界中买得到,也买得起,从而避免贫穷的人不必要地死去。(2019/8/10,医药公司的主要职责是挣钱,还是为贫穷国家研制新药?)
万能词汇:primarily
primarily来自primary,意思为“主要地,首先地”,相当于mainly、initially等。比如:
Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon.钢是一种合金,主要由铁和碳构成。
Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place.It is taking place primarily in political circles.观察一下关于多样性的争论发生在何处是很有趣的,这些争论主要发生在政治圈子里。
以下句子摘自老雅高分范文。
We all know different people have different shopping habits.Now thequestion is:are these differences in shopping habits caused primarily by the age difiefences of the shoppers?My personal answer to this question is a definite “yes”.我們都知道不同的人有不同的购物习惯。现在的问题是:导致购物习惯不同的主要原因是购物者的年龄差异吗?我个人对这个问题持肯定回答。(2016/4/13,购物习惯取决于年龄吗?)
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