选修8第2单元重点单词

周旋

1. cast [kɑ：st]

❶ vt. 投;扔;抛;掷

The fisherman cast his net into the water. 渔夫把网撒到水里。

❷ vt. 投射（光、视线等）

Cast a shadow on the wall. 把影子投射到墙上。

He cast an eye at the woman. 他向那女人看了一眼。

❸ vt. 为（戏剧、角色）选派演员

Music talents from many different countries were cast. 来自许多不同国家的音乐人才被选中出演。

❹ [C] 投;抛

The fisherman caught a fish at his second cast. 渔夫撒下第二网时捕到一条鱼。

易混辨析cast， throw， pitch与toss

这些动词均有“抛、投、掷”之意。cast常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体;throw为普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩;pitch指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标;toss指漫无目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。

【考题链接】

As the sun went down， we ___ long shadows on the lawn.

答案：cast

2. object [̍ɔbdʒIkt]

❶ [C] 物体，实物，（情感、思想和行动的）对象

What is that dark object lying in the street？ 街上那个黑乎乎的东西是什么？

❷ [C] 目标;目的，宗旨

What is your object in doing that？ 你那么做的目的是什么？

❸ v. 反对;不赞成

They objected that the schedule was too tight. 他们反对说日程安排得太紧。

object to sth. / doing sth. 反对……

Why do some people object to human cloning？ 有些人为什么反对克隆人？

We object to leaving him alone. 我们不赞成留下他一个人。

派生词

objection n. 反对，异议，反对理由

Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it. 格雷决定搬到乡下，他的妻子没反对。

objective adj. 客观的，如实的，无偏见的

She gives an objective report of what has happened. 她就发生的事情进行了客观的报道。

【考题链接】

Many local people ___ to the building of the new airport.

答案：object

3. obtain [əb̍teIn] v.

❶ 得到;获得;实现

I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。

obtain sth. for sb. 为某人取得某物

I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易為你弄到了这张唱片。

obtain permission 取得许可;获得许可

He could not obtain permission from the authorities. 他无法获得官方的许可。

❷ 存在;流行;通行

The practice still obtains in some areas of England. 这种做法在英格兰一些地区仍很流行。

派生词

obtainable adj. 可获得;可得到

Are his records still obtainable？ 他的唱片还能买到吗？

易混辨析obtain， acquire， gain， get， win与earn

这些动词均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。obtain为较正式用词，侧重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西;acquire强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地、渐渐地获得;gain侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处;get为普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力;win主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等方式而获得胜利;earn侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价而获得。

【考题链接】

Only with mass direct action will we

___ such change.

答案：obtain

4. owe [əʊ] v.

❶ 欠（钱）;欠（债）;欠（账）

I’m broke， Lucy， and I owe a couple of million dollars. 我破产了，露西，而且我欠了几百万美元的债。

owe sb. an apology 欠某人一个道歉

We’ve discovered who the thief was， and it seems we owe you an apology. 我们已经发现小偷是谁了，看起来我们该向你道歉。

❷ 应把……归因（于）;应把……归功（于）

owe sth. to sb. 将某事物归因或者归功于……

He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. 他是因为水性好才幸免于难的。

❸ 感激;感恩

I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激我的师长和父母。

owe sth. （to sb.） （for sth.） 欠（某人）债

She still owes ￡3，000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲3，000英镑。

派生词

owing adj. 欠着的;应付的

Five pounds is still owing. 仍欠5英镑。

owing to 由于;因为

Owing to the rain， the match was cancelled. 比赛因雨取消了。

【考题链接】

He was out of work ___ to a physical injury

答案：owing

5. retire [rI̍taIə（r）]

❶ v. （使）退休;退职;退役

My father retired at the age of 60. 我父親六十岁时退休了。

retire from从……中退休

When Jim’s uncle retired from the railway company， he was given a gold watch. 吉姆的伯父从铁路公司退休时得到一块金表。

❷ v. 退下;离开;退回

retire to... 回到某个地方

After lunch he retired to his study. 他午饭后就回书房去了。

派生词

retirement n. 退休;退职;退役

She took to painting after retirement. 她退休后爱上了绘画。

易混辨析retire， retreat与withdraw

这些动词均含“退下、退却”之意。retire 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等;retreat 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动;withdraw 侧重因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由，也指军队的撤退。

【考题链接】

There is a growing trend towards earlier ___.

答案：retirement

6. bother [̍bɔðə（r）]

❶ vt. 烦扰;打扰

bother sb. about / with sth. 麻烦某人某事

Don’t bother your father about it now.

现在先不要打扰你的父亲。

bother to do sth. 麻烦去做某事（常用于否定句）

He didn’t even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。

can’t be bothered to do sth. 懒得去做，嫌麻烦不做

He could produce excellent work but usually he can’t be bothered to do it. 他其实可以把工作做好，可他往往嫌费事而不干。

❷ n. 麻烦;焦虑

Oh， would you mind？ I hate to be a bother. 哦，你不介意吗？我不愿麻烦别人。

派生词

bothered adj. 烦恼的，感到焦虑的

It is a small matter; don’t get so bothered. 这是小事，不要这样忧虑不安。

易混辨析bother， disturb， trouble与annoy

这些动词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。bother 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦;disturb 为较正式用词，多用被动态，指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼;trouble 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦;annoy 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。

【考题链接】

I don’t want to ___ her with my problems at the moment.

答案：bother

7. strike [straIk]

❶ vt. 击打;碰撞

The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。

He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳头捶了桌子。

❷ vt. & n. 踢;击球

He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罚球点，稳稳地把球踢入网内。

His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2-0. 他在下半场令人叹为观止的一脚射门把比分改写为2-0。

❸ vi. & n. 突击;攻击

The lion crouched ready to strike. 狮子伏身准备袭击。

They  decided  to  launch  a  pre-emptive

strike. 他们决定发动先发制人的攻击。

❹ vi. & n. 罢工

strike for sth. 为……而罢工

The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。

on strike 罢工

Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on strike. 空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。

❺ vt. （想法或念头）突然想到;一下子想起;给某人以……印象

An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。

strike sb. as sth. 给某人以……印象;让某人觉得

She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是个很干练的人。

易混辨析strike， hit， knock， bang和bump

这些动词均含“用力碰撞、撞击”之意。strike指猛烈地撞、碰、撞击、碰撞;hit指碰撞、撞击，尤指造成损伤;knock指打掉、敲动、打破;bang指大声地猛敲、砸;bump指无意地碰、撞。

【考题链接】

The government took a hard line on the ___.

答案：strike

8. vain [veIn] adj.

❶ 徒劳的;枉然的;无结果的

I knocked loudly in the vain hope that someone might answer. 我敲门敲得很响，希望有人应门，却是徒然。

in vain 枉費心机;徒劳无益;白费力气

All our efforts were in vain. 我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。

❷ 自负的;自视过高的

The vain man always believes what he does is absolutely correct. 自负的人总是认为他做的一切都是完全正确的。

易混辨析vain， abortive， fruitless与ineffective

这些形容词均有“未达到想要的结果”之意。vain指努力、希望、搜寻等未能获得想要的结果的;abortive指行动、计划等没有成功的;fruitless尤指付出很多努力却无成效的;ineffective侧重指人或事物未能发挥应有之作用的。

【考题链接】

It became obvious that all her complaints were in ___.

答案：vain

9. resist [rI̍zIst]

❶ v. 抵制;阻挡

They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。

resist doing sth. 抵制……

The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。

❷ v. 反抗;回击;抵抗

He tried to take me down， but I resisted. 他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。

She was charged with resisting arrest. 她被控拒捕。

❸ v. （通常用于否定句） 忍住;抵挡

I finished the cake. I couldn’t resist it. 我忍不住把整块蛋糕都吃了。

resist doing 忍住……

He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。

易混辨析resist， object， disagree与oppose

这些动词均有“反对”之意。resist抗拒，反抗，指拒绝做出改变或不屈从于外力而做某事;object语气强烈，指对某一具体做法、计划等表示反对，常后接介词to;disagree反对，不同意，指与他人在看法上有分歧，也指不赞同计划、行动等，常后接介词with;oppose反对，阻碍，指不赞同某一政策、计划等，含抵制或阻挠之意;

【考题链接】

Teenagers may find it difficult to ___ peer pressure.

答案：resist